Comparison of the effects of oral or subcutaneous carprofen or ketoprofen in rats undergoing laparotomy

Rats undergoing laparotomy received either carprofen (5 mg/kg) or ketoprofen (5 mg/kg) administered orally in flavoured gelatin, or by subcutaneous injection. A control group that received no analgesic showed a significant (3 per cent) fall in bodyweight (P = 0.009) after laparotomy. This decrease was greater than that seen in the groups receiving carprofen (P = 0.006) or ketoprofen (P = 0.012) administered subcutaneously, which continued to gain weight following surgery. All animals showed a significant fall in food consumption but this decrease was greater in the jelly alone group (47 per cent) than in the group receiving carprofen (17 per cent) (P = 0.015) administered subcutaneously. A significant fall in water consumption occurred in the control group (40 per cent) and in animals that received oral carprofen (13 per cent) or Ketoprofen (22 per cent). No significant decrease was seen in groups receiving either carprofen or ketoprofen administered subcutaneously (P > 0.1). This study shows that a relatively simple surgical procedure results in a major reduction in food and water consumption in rats. This reduction can be minimised by the administration of ketoprofen or carprofen (5 mg/kg subcutaneously), but higher dose rates are required if these drugs are to be administered by the oral route.     

Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of meloxicam in cats with painful locomotor disorders.

The ability of two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to modify the clinical manifestations of pain associated with locomotor disease was assessed. Sixty-nine cats with acute or chronic locomotor disorders were recruited from 14 first opinion UK veterinary practices and randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups. Group A received meloxicam drops (0.3 mg/kg orally on day 1 followed by 0.1 mg/kg daily for four more consecutive days) and group B received ketoprofen tablets (1.0 mg/kg orally once daily for five days). Each cat underwent a full clinical examination before treatment, 24 hours after initiation of treatment and 24 hours after completion of treatment. General clinical parameters (demeanour and feed intake) and specific locomotor parameters (weightbearing, lameness, local inflammation and pain on palpation) were scored using a discontinuous scale scoring system. The two groups did not differ in terms of age, weight, gender distribution or duration of clinical signs; nor did they differ in terms of general clinical or specific locomotor scores pretreatment. Both treatment regimens resulted in a significant improvement in demeanour, feed intake and weightbearing, and a significant reduction in lameness, pain on palpation and inflammation. No significant difference was observed between the two treatment groups with respect to any of the parameters measured and both treatments were associated with minimal observed side effects. Meloxicam and ketoprofen were found to be effective analgesics and well tolerated in cats with acute or chronic locomotor disorders when administered for short-term treatment (five days) in such cases. However, meloxicam was assessed to be significantly more palatable than ketoprofen.     

Ketorolac Is Not More Effective Than Flunixin Meglumine or Phenylbutazone in Reducing Foot Pain in Horses

The objective was to compare the analgesic efficacy of ketorolac tromethamine (KT) and two other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including flunixin meglumine (FM) and phenylbutazone (PB), using a heart bar shoe (HBS) model of reversible foot lameness in horses. Nine adult horses were used in a blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study. After induction of left front limb lameness using a modified HBS model, one of three NSAIDs (KT, 2.0 mg/kg IV; FM, 1.1 mg/kg IV; PB, 4.4 mg/kg IV) or saline (placebo) was administered IV as a single dose. Lameness was assessed every 30 minutes for 2 hours, then every hour up to 12 hours using both a lameness grading scale (lameness score; LS) and a body-mounted inertial sensor system (lameness locator; LL). High-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry were used to measure plasma drug concentration at various time points. There was no difference in percent reduction of LS or LL value between KT and any other group, or between FM and placebo. The PB group showed a significantly higher percentage in LS reduction than the placebo and FM groups. The mean percent reduction in LL value was greater for the PB group than that for the placebo and FM groups. Plasma drug concentration was similar among horses for each drug at each time point, with drug concentrations decreasing over time. Thus, variation in plasma drug concentration did not influence lameness reduction for any drug. Ketorolac tromethamine was not superior to FM or PB in reducing lameness using a HBS model.     

Preoperative ketoprofen administration to piglets undergoing castration does not affect subsequent growth performance

The purpose of this study was to determine if treatment of pigs with ketoprofen (3 mg/kg body weight) before castration at 7 days of age would affect subsequent growth during the suckling period. Piglets from 301 litters were treated with ketoprofen or a placebo and weighed at castration and at weaning. There was no difference in growth rate between the 2 groups of pigs.     

An increased feed intake during early pregnancy improves sow body weight recovery and increases litter size in young sows

This study evaluated the effect of feeding level and protein content in feed in first- and second-parity sows during the first month of gestation on sow BW recovery, farrowing rate, and litter size during the first month of gestation. From d 3 to 32 after the first insemination, sows were fed either 2.5 kg/d of a standard gestation diet (control, n = 49), 3.25 kg/d (+30%) of a standard gestation diet (plus feed, n = 47), or 2.5 kg/d of a gestation diet with 30% greater ileal digestible AA (plus protein, n = 49). Feed intake during the experimental period was 29% greater for sows in the plus feed group compared with those in the control and plus protein groups (93 vs. 72 kg, P < 0.05). Sows in the plus feed group gained 10 kg more BW during the experimental period compared with those in the control and plus protein groups (24.2 ± 1.2 vs. 15.5 ± 1.2 and 16.9 ± 1.2 kg, respectively, P < 0.001). Backfat gain and loin muscle depth gain were not affected by treatment (P = 0.56 and P = 0.37, respectively). Farrowing rate was smaller, although not significantly, for sows in the plus feed group compared with those in the control and plus protein groups (76.6% vs. 89.8 and 89.8%, respectively, P = 0.16). Litter size, however, was larger for sows in the plus feed group (15.2 ± 0.5 total born) compared with those in the control and plus protein groups (13.2 ± 0.4 and 13.6 ± 0.4 total born, respectively, P = 0.006). Piglet birth weight was not different among treatments (P = 0.65). For both first- and second-parity sows, the plus feed treatment showed similar effects on BW gain, farrowing rate, and litter size. In conclusion, an increased feed intake (+30%) during the first month of gestation improved sow BW recovery and increased litter size, but did not significantly affect farrowing rate in the subsequent parity. Feeding a 30% greater level of ileal digestible AA during the same period did not improve sow recovery or reproductive performance in the subsequent parity.     

Responses to delayed estrus after weaning in sows using oral progestagen treatment

Oral progestagen treatment extends the weaning-to-estrus interval (WEI) in weaned sows. Particularly in lower parity sows, this allows recovery from lactational catabolism and improves sow productivity. However, the optimal duration of progestagen treatment in contemporary dam-line sows is unclear. Therefore, sows (n = 749) weaned over consecutive 3-wk periods in June and July and classified as parity 2 and 3 (P2-3); 4, 5, and 6 (P4-6); or parity 7 or higher (P7+) were organized into 2 breeding groups using 1 of 3 strategies: 1) oral progestagen for 2 d before and 12 d after weaning (M14; n = 249); 2) oral progestagen for 2 d before and 5 d after weaning (M7; n = 250); or 3) no progestagen treatment (M0; n = 250). Progestagen (altrenogest) was administered directly into the sow's mouth at a dosage of 6.8 mL (15 mg of altrenogest) daily. Sows were bred using artificial insemination at first detection of estrus after weaning (M0) or altrenogest withdrawal, and every 24 h thereafter, until they no longer exhibited the standing reflex. The WEI for M0 sows was 5.1 +/- 0.1 d. Estrus was recorded sooner (P < 0.001) after withdrawing treatment in M14 than in M7 sows (6.9 +/- 0.1 vs. 7.4 +/- 0.1 d, respectively). More (P < 0.001) M14 sows (88.6 +/- 2.5%) were bred within 10 d of altrenogest withdrawal than M7 (72.8 +/- 2.8%) sows, or within 10 d of weaning in M0 sows (78.8 +/- 2.6%). Reproductive tracts were recovered after slaughter at d 30 or 50 of gestation. For P2-3 sows, ovulation rate (least squares mean +/- 95% confidence interval) in M7 (23.1 +/- 1.0) was greater (P < 0.001) than in M14 (20.7 +/- 1.0) or M0 (19.7 +/- 1.0) sows; no differences were detected in P4-6 and P7+ sows. At d 30, M7 and M14 sows had more (P < 0.01) embryos (16.4 +/- 0.6 and 15.8 +/- 0.4, respectively) than M0 (13.9 +/- 0.5) sows. At d 50 of gestation, number of fetuses in M14 sows (13.6 +/- 0.4) was greater (P < 0.001) than in M0 (11.8 +/- 0.4) and M7 (12.2 +/- 0.3) sows. Use of oral progestagen to delay the return to postweaning estrus for greater than 18 d appears to have potential for improving weaned sow productivity. Given the incidence of high ovulation rates and associated evidence of intrauterine crowding of embryos around d 30 of gestation, the changing dynamics of prenatal loss resulting from longer periods of progestagen treatment may represent an additional production advantage.     

Effect on Perinatal Mortality of a Single Selenium Injection To Sows and Gilts

Selenium treatment of pregnant sows and gilts was conducted as a double-blind placebo-controlled study in 5 commercial herds with a total of 350 sows and gilts (Danish Landrace, Yorkshire and Landrace-Yorkshire crossbreeds). At 3–6 weeks before farrowing the animals were injected once intramuscularly with either Na-selenite (0.05 mg Se per kg) or placebo. Blood samples were taken immediately before treatment and once again at 3–6 weeks after farrowing, to evaluate the Se status. The productivity of the sows and gilts was recorded.Within herds there was no pretreatment difference in Se status between the two treatment groups, while a considerable variation was seen among herds. After farrowing there were only minor differences in Se status between the treatment groups, whereas the variation among herds persisted.Overall, no effect of the Na-selenite injection was seen, in that there was no difference in number of liveborn, stillborn, and weaned piglets between the treatment groups. The number of days from weaning to oestrus and the number of oestrous cycles per pregnancy were not influenced by the Na-selenite treatment.     

The evaluation of isoxsuprine hydrochloride for the treatment of navicular disease: a double blind study

A randomised double-blind clinical trial of 28 horses was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of isoxsuprine hydrochloride at four different doses:- 0.0 mg/kg bodyweight (bwt) (placebo), 0.6 mg/kg bwt, 1.2 mg/kg bwt and 1.8 mg/kg bwt for treatment of navicular disease. The results showed that horses treated with isoxsuprine hydrochloride (N = 22) responded significantly with respect to clinical assessment score (P less than 0.01) when compared with the control group (N = 6). Furthermore, there were no dose-related differences in the responses of the horses treated with increasing levels of isoxsuprine. No correlation was found between radiological evidence of the extent of navicular disease and severity of lameness or response to treatment.     

Evaluation of adverse effects of long-term oral administration of carprofen, etodolac, flunixin meglumine, ketoprofen, and meloxicam in dogs

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate adverse effects of long-term oral administration of carprofen, etodolac, flunixin meglumine, ketoprofen, and meloxicam in dogs. ANIMALS: 36 adult dogs. PROCEDURES: Values for CBC, urinalysis, serum biochemical urinalyses, and occult blood in feces were investigated before and 7, 30, 60, and 90 days after daily oral administration (n = 6 dogs/group) of lactose (1 mg/kg, control treatment), etodolac (15 mg/kg), meloxicam (0.1 mg/kg), carprofen (4 mg/kg), and ketoprofen (2 mg/kg for 4 days, followed by 1 mg/kg daily thereafter) or flunixin (1 mg/kg for 3 days, with 4-day intervals). Gastroscopy was performed before and after the end of treatment. RESULTS: For serum gamma-glutamyltransferase activity, values were significantly increased at day 30 in dogs treated with lactose, etodolac, and meloxicam within groups. Bleeding time was significantly increased in dogs treated with carprofen at 30 and 90 days, compared with baseline. At 7 days, bleeding time was significantly longer in dogs treated with meloxicam, ketoprofen, and flunixin, compared with control dogs. Clotting time increased significantly in all groups except those treated with etodolac. At day 90, clotting time was significantly shorter in flunixin-treated dogs, compared with lactose-treated dogs. Gastric lesions were detected in all dogs treated with etodolac, ketoprofen, and flunixin, and 1 of 6 treated with carprofen. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Carprofen induced the lowest frequency of gastrointestinal adverse effects, followed by meloxicam. Monitoring for adverse effects should be considered when nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used to treat dogs with chronic pain.     

Evaluation of topical nalbuphine or oral tramadol as analgesics for corneal pain in dogs: a pilot study

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of topical nalbuphine or oral tramadol in the treatment of corneal pain in dogs. Animals studied Fourteen male Beagle dogs. Procedures Dogs were divided into three treatment groups and sedated with dexmedetomidine (5 μ/kg IV). A 4 mm corneal epithelial wound was created in the right eye (OD) of all dogs. Sedation was reversed with atipamazole IM. All dogs received pre/post ophthalmic examinations. Post operatively, Group NB (n = 5) received topical 1% preservative‐free nalbuphine OD q8 h and an oral placebo PO q8 h. Group TR (n = 5) received tramadol (4 mg/kg) PO q8 h and topical sterile saline OD q8 h. Group CNTRL (n = 4) received topical sterile saline OD q8 h and an oral placebo q8 h. All dogs received topical 0.3% gentamicin OD TID until healed. Dogs were pain scored using a pain scoring system modified from the University of Melbourne pain scale at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h, then every 6 h by observers masked to treatment, until corneal wounds were healed. Treatment failure was recorded if cumulative pain scores were above a minimum threshold of acceptable pain and rescue analgesia of morphine (1.0 mg/kg IM) was administered subsequently. Result Four dogs in Group NB, one dog in Group TR, and two dogs in Group CNTRL required rescue analgesia. There was no significant difference in the incidence of treatment failure between groups (P = 0.184). Mean time to rescue was 9.16 h. All corneal wounds were healed by 84 h. Conclusions The results of this study suggest tramadol rather than nalbuphine should be further investigated for the treatment of corneal pain.     

Post-farrowing stress management in sows by administration of azaperone: effects on piglets performance

This study examined the impact of a single dose of azaperone administered to sows at the end of farrowing on piglet weight gain and mortality during the lactation period. Two hundred fifty-two sows (JSR hybrid) housed in a conventional farrowing crate system were assigned to either a treatment or a control group. The parities of the sow were between 1 and 6. The differences between live birth weight and weight at weaning were recorded for 3,093 individual piglets. Serum concentrations of IgG of 485 piglets also were recorded during tail docking. Median and interquartile range (IQR) were 5.1 (2.9 to 9.5) mg·mL(-1) in the control group and 5.6 (3.1 to 12.1) mg·mL(-1) in the azaperone group (P > 0.05). Litter size was 13.0 (11 to 15) total born piglets and birth weight was 1.28 (1.05 to 1.52) kg. Weaning weight for the control group was 5.64 (4.73 to 6.54) kg compared with 5.78 (4.79 to 6.71) kg for the azaperone treated group (P = 0.005). Daily BW gain differed significantly (P = 0.001) between the 2 groups, 205 g for the controls, compared with 214 g for the azaperone group. There were no significant differences between piglet mortality rates (17% and 20%). Azaperone applications to sows tended to have a positive effect on productivity. Effect was greatest in the primiparous sows and declined with increasing parity. This may have been due to both physiological and behavioral differences between the sows as they experienced increasing numbers of gestations, farrowings, and lactation periods.     

Azithromycin therapy of papillomatosis in dogs: a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial

Azithromycin, an azalide subclass macrolide antibiotic, is an effective, well-tolerated and safe therapeutic option for treatment of papillomatosis in humans. This study reports the clinical and histopathological results from a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of 17 dogs of various breeds with diagnosis of oral ( n = 12) and cutaneous papillomatosis ( n = 5) treated with azithromycin. Papillomas appeared as whitish, verrucous, hyperkeratotic papules 1–2.7 mm in size. The cases were randomly assigned to azithromycin ( n = 10) and placebo treatment groups ( n = 7). Both owners and investigators were blinded to the allocation to the groups. Azithromycin (10 mg/kg) was administered per os every 24 h for 10 days. Clinical evaluations were done by the same investigator throughout the trial. Azithromycin treatment significantly decreased clinical scores ( P  < 0.001), whereas there was no change seen in the placebo group. In the azithromycin treatment group, skin lesions disappeared in 10–15 days. One case in the placebo had spontaneous regression of its papillomas by day 41, but lesions were still evident at day 50 in the remaining six cases. There was no recurrence of papillomatosis in the azithromycin treated dogs (follow up 8 months). No adverse effects were seen in either group. In conclusion, azithromycin appears to be a safe and effective treatment for canine papillomatosis.     

日粮添加酵母β-1,3/1,6-葡聚糖对哺乳仔猪生长性能和免疫功能的影响

试验选用相近胎次(4-6胎)和分娩日龄(相差3d左右)的长×大二元母猪20头,随机分成4个处理组,各处理组哺乳仔猪均从5日龄开始补料,哺乳仔猪日粮中分别添加0、50、100和200 mg/kg的酵母-β1,3/1,6-葡聚糖,研究酵母β-1,3/1,6-葡聚糖对哺乳仔猪生长性能和免疫机能的影响。结果表明:哺乳仔猪日粮中添加酵母β-1,3/1,6-葡聚糖,对生产性能无显著影响,有降低仔猪腹泻率和死亡率的趋势;可显著提高外周血淋巴细胞转化率,血清IgA、IgG和IgM浓度(P<0.05),有提高血清溶菌酶活性的趋势。综合全期生长性能和免疫调节效果来看,哺乳仔猪日粮中β-1,3/1,6-葡聚糖适宜的添加剂量为50mg/kg。     

The effect of different postweaning altrenogest treatments of primiparous sows on follicular development, pregnancy rates, and litter sizes

This study investigated follicular development during and after postweaning altrenogest treatment of primiparous sows in relation to subsequent reproductive performance. Primiparous sows (n = 259) were randomly assigned at weaning (d 0) to 1 of 4 groups: control (no altrenogest, n = 71), RU4 (20 mg of altrenogest from d -1 to 2, n = 62), RU8 (20 mg of altrenogest from d -1 to 6, n = 65), or RU15 (20 mg of altrenogest from d -1 to 13, n = 61). Average follicular size (measured by ultrasound) increased during altrenogest treatment and resulted in larger follicles at the start of the follicular phase for RU4, RU8, and RU15 compared with controls (5.3 ± 0.9, 5.5 ± 1.3, 5.1 ± 1.2, and 3.4 ± 0.6 mm, respectively; P < 0.0001). Farrowing rate was greater in RU15 (95%) than in RU8 (76%; P = 0.04). The RU15 group also had more piglets (2 to 3 more piglets total born and born alive; P < 0.05) than the other treatment groups. Follicular development at weaning clearly affected reproductive performance. At weaning, average follicular size: small (<3.5 mm), medium (3.5 to 4.5 mm), or large (≥ 4.5 mm), was associated with farrowing rates of 86, 78, and 48%, respectively (P < 0.001). Sows with large follicles at weaning had low farrowing rates (71%) in RU4, very low farrowing rates (22%) in RU8, but normal farrowing rates in RU15 (83%). In conclusion, this study showed that 15 d of postweaning altrenogest treatment of primiparous sows may allow follicle turnover in sows that had large follicles at weaning and that this was associated with an improved reproductive performance. It also showed that shorter treatment with altrenogest (4 or 8 d) is beneficial for sows with small follicles at weaning, but is not recommendable for sows with large follicles at weaning.     

Comparison of the effects of buprenorphine,oxymorphone hydrochloride,and ketoprofen for postoperative analgesia after onychectomy or onychectomy and sterilization in cats

In this prospective, randomized, blinded study, 68 clinically healthy cats that had onychectomy (n = 20), onychectomy and castration (n = 20), or onychectomy and ovariohysterectomy (n = 28) were randomly assigned to one of four postoperative analgesic treatment groups: buprenorphine (0.01 mg/kg body weight, intramuscularly [IM]), oxymorphone hydrochloride (0.05 mg/kg body weight, IM), ketoprofen (2 mg/kg body weight, IM), and placebo (physiological saline). Sedation scores, visual analog pain scores, cumulative pain scores, serum cortisol concentration, and appetite were used to assess postoperative analgesic effect. Buprenorphine demonstrated the highest efficacy with the lowest cumulative pain scores and serum cortisol levels.     

The effect of a homologous bacterin given to sows prefarrowing on the development of Glässer's disease in postweaning pigs after i.v. challenge with Haemophilus parasuis serotype 5

The trial was carried out to evaluate the impact of maternal antibodies on the development of Gl?sser's disease after i.v. exposure of weaned pigs with a homologous serovar of Haemophilus parasuis (HPS). Two groups of weaned pigs were formed. Group one VI (n = 10): born to vaccinated sows, weaners i.v. challenged one week postweaning and euthanatized 14 days postweaning. Group two NVI (n = 10 wearners): born to non vaccinated sows, i.v. challenged one week postweaning euthanatized 14 days postweaning. One week postweaning all weaners were i.v. inoculated with HPS serovar 5. The following parameters were evaluated: clinical signs (depression, centralnervous signs, fever, lameness), macroscopic lung, pleura, peritoneum, liver and joint changes, and mortality. All trial sows were HPS seronegative prior to vaccination. The HPS vaccinated sows were proven seropositive on day 3 p.p. (values > 0.24), the non vaccinated ones were tested seronegative (values < 0.23). The progeny of sows vaccinated prefarrowing with two doses of HPS serovar 5 bacterin were partially protected against HPS caused clinical and pathological signs. The majority of clinical signs as fever, depression, recumbency, lack of response to verbal stimuli and lameness showed significant (P < 0.05) milder clinical symptoms in VI than in NVI animals. Respiratory signs (P = .169) and involvement of the central nervous system as ataxia, muscular tremor, incoordination of hind legs and convulsions (P = 1) showed no significant differences between the groups. Except lesions of pericard (VI vs. NVI, P = .14) and pleura (VI vs. NVI, P = .14) there were significant (P < 0.05) macroscopic differences at necropsy in lung, liver, joints and cerebrospinal fluid between the offspring of vaccinated sows and the ones of non vaccinated dams. No HPS were isolated from the nasal mucosa of the pigs prior to inoculation. HPS serovar 5 was recovered at necropsy from the nasal mucosa of all pigs in both groups. One pig from group VI presented in all examined organs the presence of HPS serovar 5. The remaining animals in group VI revealed in lung, pericard, pleura, liver, joints and cerebrospinal fluid no presence of HPS. The rate of isolation between VI and NVI groups revealed a significant (P < 0.05) difference. All the survived piglets of group NVI showed positive ELISA titres against HPS serovar 5 (values > .24). The piglets that died or were euthanatized before the end of the study have not been subjected to ELISA serological testing. One piglet died in group VI before the end of the study. Non of the remaining animals in group VI showed seroconversion to HPS serovar 5. Implications: Vaccination of sows did not influence the colonisation of nasal mucosa, but progeny of sows vaccinated prefarrowing with two doses of HPS serovar 5 bacterin were partially protected against HPS caused diseases.     

Effect of NSAID administration on creatinine clearance in healthy dogs undergoing anaesthesia and surgery

Thirty healthy male dogs were randomly assigned to receive carprofen (4 mg/kg intravenously), ketoprofen (2 mg/kg intravenously) or saline (0.2 ml/kg intravenously) at induction of anaesthesia for castration surgery. A routine castration was undertaken and a buccal mucosal bleeding time was assessed at the completion of surgery. Twenty-four hours after surgery a 24-hour endogenous creatinine clearance study was undertaken. Buccal mucosal bleeding time was not significantly different between the three groups. Creatinine clearance was significantly lower (P < or = 0.01) in the two groups of dogs that received a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug compared with that in the dogs that received sterile saline. There was no significant difference between the carprofen and ketoprofen groups with respect to creatinine clearance.     

Clinical evaluation of meloxicam versus ketoprofen in cats suffering from painful acute locomotor disorders

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and palatability of meloxicam 0.5mg/ml oral suspension, compared to ketoprofen tablets in cats suffering from painful acute locomotor disorders. This single blinded, positively-controlled, randomised, multicentre trial involved 121 client owned cats. Cats received either meloxicam (0.5mg/ml oral suspension) at 0.1mg/kg on day 1 followed by 0.05mg/kg q 24h on days 2-5, or ketoprofen 5mg tablets at 1.0mg/kg q 24h for 5 days. The efficacy of the two treatments was assessed subjectively by clinicians on day 6 using a clinical sum score (CSS). Palatability and accuracy of dosing were also assessed. The baseline CSS was not significantly different between the groups, and after 5 days of treatment the CSS had decreased to a similar extent, reflecting a reduction in pain. There were no significant differences between the CSS of each group at day 6. Both treatments were well tolerated. Meloxicam was significantly more palatable than ketoprofen, and allowed for more accurate dosing. Meloxicam and ketoprofen are a safe and efficacious treatment for acute locomotor disorders in cats. Meloxicam (Metacam) may be associated with superior compliance in clinical practice due to the higher palatability, which results in better ease of administration.     

Endoscopic evaluation of the gastroduodenal mucosa following non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug administration in the dog

The gastroduodenal mucosa of 30 healthy dogs was examined by endoscope after 7 days of oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug administration. The dogs were divided into five groups. One group received ketoprofen (1 mg/kg every 24 h), one group copper-indomethacin (0.2 mg/kg every 12 h), one group 1 mg of prednisolone and 200 mg of cinchophen (1 tablet per 20 kg every 12 h), one group aspirin (15 mg/kg every 12 h) and one group gelatin (1 capsule every 12 h). Occult blood was not detected in the faeces either prior to or after non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug administration. Packed cell volume, total plasma protein and buccal mucosal bleeding times did not significantly change after non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug administration. Gastroduodenal lesions were observed in 22 dogs. There was no significant difference in lesions between the ketoprofen, copper-indomethacin and prednisolone-cinchophen groups, but the gelatin group had significantly (p 相似文献   

Effect of orally administered hydrocortisone on intraocular pressure in nonglaucomatous dogs

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of oral hydrocortisone on intraocular pressure (IOP) in ocular normotensive dogs. ANIMALS STUDIED: Seventeen ocular normotensive dogs. Procedures Dogs were randomly assigned to treatment (n = 9) and control (n = 8) groups. Dogs in the treatment group received hydrocortisone, 3.3 mg/kg PO every 8 h, and dogs in the control group received gelatin capsule placebo PO every 8 h for 5 weeks. Applanation tonometry was performed on both eyes of all dogs prior to treatment and then once weekly for 5 weeks during hydrocortisone treatment. RESULTS: No significant effect of treatment was noted for right (P = 0.1013) or left (P = 0.1157) eyes during the treatment period, nor was there significant interaction of treatment by week for the right (P = 0.9456) or left (P = 0.3577) eyes. A significant rise in IOP over the treatment period was noted in both right (P < 0.0001) and left (P = 0.0006) eyes of both groups, but was unrelated to treatment. CONCLUSION: Orally administered hydrocortisone does not significantly increase IOP in nonglaucomatous dogs when administered over a 5-week period.