鸡病毒性关节炎

鸡病毒性关节炎是一种由呼肠孤病毒引起的鸡的传染性疾病。病毒主要侵害关节滑膜、腱鞘和心肌,使胫跗关节上方的腱索肿大,趾屈腱鞘和蹠伸腱鞘肿胀。病鸡蹲坐,不愿走动或跛行。病鸡因运动障碍而生长停滞,消瘦衰竭,鸡群的饲料利用效率下降,淘汰率增高,因而给养鸡业带来巨大的经济损失。     

鸡病毒性关节炎（综述）

鸡病毒性关节炎又名病毒性腱鞘炎，是由呼肠孤病毒引起的肉用型、肉蛋兼用型鸡的一种传染病。肉用型鸡临床发病一般在6－7周龄，也有的在14－16同龄出现。本病主要侵害关节滑膜、腱鞘以及心肌。临床上主要症状是胫和跗关节上方腱索肿大，趾屈腱鞘和伸腱鞘肿胀。病鸡跛行、蹲坐、不愿走动。严重者腓肠肌腱破裂。由于病鸡运动障碍、生长停滞、消瘦、饲料利用效率低，屠宰率下降，淘汰率增高，给肉鸡业造成很大的经济损失。1957年Olson首先报道该病发生于美国以后，世界许多国家和地区相继有本病的报道。我国早在1984年就有本病的报道。近几年…     

鸡病毒性关节炎

鸡病毒性关节炎（ＡｖｉａｎＶｉｒｕｓＡｒｔｈｒｉｔｉｓＡＶＡ）也称为“传染性腱鞘炎”,是近年间发现的一种由禽呼肠孤病毒引起的鸡慢性传染病,以侵害跗关节、趾关节及其肌腱和心肌为特征,该病分布广泛,在世界各地均有发生。对鸡特别是肉鸡的生产带来的经济损失很...     

新生犊牛衣原体关节炎的研究

2001年4月份,京郊奶牛场新生犊牛出现多发性关节炎。流行特点是:生后3d内发病多,病后3d内死亡多。临床症状是体温升高,腕、跗和冠关节肿大,剖检见关节周围肌肉充血,水肿,筋膜出血,关节液混浊,有纤维素块,关节面出血、溃烂。组织学变化特征是:肝细胞变性、坏死,核内有包涵体;脑神经细胞变性、坏死,血管水肿,周围浆细胞、淋巴细胞浸润形成“血管套”。用关节液与等量衣原体阳性血清混合,37℃中和1h后,卵黄囊接种6日龄SPF鸡胚2枚,每枚0.3mL,同时设病原对照、正常鸡胚对照各1枚,封腊后37℃孵育观察12d,结果关节液中和组鸡胚全存活,病原对照组死亡,表明关节液中存在的病原应为衣原体。犊牛所发生的关节肿大为衣原体所致的多发性关节炎。     

肉鸡传染性关节炎的诊治

肉鸡传染性关节炎又称病毒性腱鞘炎 ,是一种由呼肠孤病毒引起的传染病。发生于2～ 7周龄的肉鸡群 ,以损害关节滑膜、腱鞘和心肌为特征。病鸡关节肿大 ,腱束变粗 ,跛行、发病率高 ,残淘率高 ,饲料利用率下降 ,生长停滞 ,常造成很大的经济损失。1　发病情况2 0 0 2年 2月于某饲养ＡＡ肉鸡 2 0 0 0只 ,3 5日龄发现有瘫痪、不能走、吃料少的病鸡 1 6只 ,3 6日龄又发现 2 8只 ,同时鸡群吃料量下降 ,精神差 ,死亡 7只 ,3 7日龄又死亡1 1只。2　临床症状病鸡表现跛行 ,关节肿大 ,步态不稳 ,跗关节着地 ,驱赶时单腿跳 ,不能采食、饮水。个别的体瘦 ,…     

禽病毒性关节炎的实验室诊断技术

禽病毒性关节炎（avian viral arthritis）也称＂传染性腱鞘炎＂,是近年来发现的一种由禽呼肠孤病毒引起的鸡慢性传染病,以侵害跗关节、趾关节及其肌腱和心肌为特征。该病分布广泛,在世界各地均有发生,对鸡的生产带来的经济损失很大。从流行病学、症状、病理变化以及实验室检查、血清学诊断和鉴别诊断等方面,对鸡病毒性关节炎疾病的综合诊断技术进行了概述。     

鸡病毒性关节炎

鸡病毒性关节炎凌育（广东省家禽科学研究所５１０４３０）鸡病毒性关节炎，是由呼肠孤病毒引起的鸡的一种以胚跗关节滑膜炎症、健鞘肿胀和腓肠肌腱断裂为特征的病毒性传染病，最常见于肉仔鸡中。Ｆａｈｅｙ和Ｇａｗｌｅｙ于１９５４年就从患慢注呼吸道病鸡的呼吸道内分离...     

鸡病毒性关节炎的诊治

鸡病毒性关节炎是由禽呼肠孤病毒引起鸡关节异常的传染病,以侵害禽类腱鞘滑膜、腱、关节滑膜、关节软骨和心肌为特征。本病多发生于肉用鸡,偶见于蛋鸡和火鸡,鹦鹉、鸽和鸭也可感染。     

鸡病毒性关节炎

鸡病毒性关节炎(Viral arthritis)是一种由禽呼肠孤病毒引起的,主要侵害胫跖关节、趾关节及其肌腱为特征的传染病,又称传染性腱鞘炎(Infectious tenosyn-ovitis)。本病分布广泛,世界各地均有发生。在急性发病鸡群中,常因死亡、生长缓慢或停滞、饲料利用率降低以及淘汰病鸡等,给养鸡业带来巨大的经济损失。 早在1940年,Pullis等认为某些原因不明的关节炎和腱断裂可能与病毒感染有关。1957年Oison等从临诊病鸡的关节内分离到一株病毒,1959年他们利用该毒株成功地复制了关节炎病例,因而将这一病命名     

雏鸡病毒性关节炎综合防治

鸡病毒性关节炎是一种由呼肠孤病毒引起的鸡重要传染病,该病毒重点侵损关节滑膜、腱鞘和心肌,引起足部关节肿胀,腱鞘发炎,腓肠腱断裂。病鸡因关节病变造成行动困难而久卧不起,采食下降,生长滞缓。2012年,笔者自场零星散发数十例鸡病毒性关节炎症,其中,发病雏鸡死亡率高达70%～80%,其他中青     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein