小波分析在中密度纤维板无损检测中的应用

以中密度纤维板为试件,通过纵向共振和弯曲振动试验讨论小波分析方法用于无损检测的可行性.结果表明:小波分析得到的中密度纤维板试件动弹性模量与常规弯曲静弹性模量在0.01水平下相关性非常显著,可以用小波分析方法测得的动弹性模量来表征常规弯曲静弹性模量;可以用小波分析的方法判断出试件是否有缺陷,小波分析在试件缺陷无损检测方面具有优越性.     

动物蛋白改性剂添加量对难燃中密度纤维板静曲强度的影响

以粉状和膏状动物蛋白为改性剂,研究不同添加量对难燃中密度纤维板静曲强度的影响,结果表明:粉状动物蛋白改性剂,在一定范围内随着添加量的增加,可以使难燃中密度纤维板的静曲强度数值得到提高,最佳添加量为8%;添加膏状动物蛋白改性剂,最佳添加量为2%,随着添加量的增加,会导致难燃中密度纤维板的静曲强度降低。在提高难燃中密度纤维板静曲强度性能上,粉状动物蛋白改性剂好于膏状动物蛋白改性剂。     

引进中纤板生产线的概况及其经济分析

综述了我国引进中纤板生产线的概况，并对其生产线作出经济效益评价。     

红石中密度纤维板厂清洁生产评析及改进对策

依据国家环境保护部发布的中密度纤维板清洁生产标准,对红石中密度纤维板厂清洁生产现状进行了评析,针对存在的薄弱环节,提出了进一步推行清洁生产的对策:提高思想认识,树立清洁生产观念;健全组织机构,明确清洁生产目标;针对薄弱环节,制订清洁生产方案;加快技术进步,提高清洁生产水平;建立激励机制,促进清洁生产落实。     

Pyrolysis of medium density fiberboard impregnated with phenol-formaldehyde resin

Woodceramics (WCS) are new porous carbon materials that have been shown to possess many excellent properties, but the chemical mechanism during pyrolysis has not been reported yet. In order to investigate this process, pyrolysis of medium density fiberboard (MDF) was analyzed by thermogravimetry coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) in this study. The results showed that the pyrolysis consisted of three stages up to 700°C. The first stage of the pyrolysis occurred below 240.0°C and was mainly due to moisture evaporation. The second stage between 240.0° and 390.2°C accompanied the main mass loss. The maximum pyrolysis speed (mass loss) was about 3.79% per minute at 313.2°C. This was believed to coincide with the cleavage of ether bridges between the wood material and phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin, and pyrolysis of carbohydrate. At higher temperature, the pyrolysis of PF resin and lignin was the main reason for the mass loss in the third stage. The microcosmic environments of both the MDF and PF resin in the MDF treated with PF resin were different from the untreated MDF and PF resin, so that the temperatures at which their pyrolysis occurred and the quantities of evolved gases were different. During the process of WCS preparation, the rate of temperature increase should be very slow before it reaches 700°C, especially at around 313.2°C, at which point violent pyrolysis occurs. Such temperature control should allow uniform sintering of the sample and should reduce flaws in the product.     

Organo-silane compounds in medium density fiberboard:physical and mechanical properties

We studied the effects of nanoparticles of organo-silane(NOS) compounds in the size range of20–80 nm on physical and mechanical properties in medium density fiberboard,and used NOS at four consumption levels of 0,50,100,and 150 g kg-1dry wood fibers.Density of all treatments was kept constant at 0.67 g cm-3.The water-repellent property of organo-silane significantly reduced water absorption(WA) and thickness swelling but mechanical properties declined due to the reduced proportion of wood-fiber as organo-silane was added to the matrix:the compression ratio of MDF panels and the integrity among wood-fibers both declined,resulting in reduced mechanical properties.We recommend use of 50 g of NOS/kg wood-fiber to improve WA and thickness swelling while retaining acceptable mechanical properties.     

纤维板的静曲弹性模量及静曲强度的动态检测

利用振动无损检测法测得纤维板的动态静曲弹性模量,并用一元和二元回归分析了纤维板的密度、静态静曲弹性模量、动态静曲弹性模量、静曲强度之间的相关性。结果表明:纤维板的静态静曲弹性模量与动态静曲弹性模量之间,或动态静曲弹性模量与静曲强度之间均密切线性相关;以纤维板的动态静曲弹性模量和密度为自变量与静曲强度建立的二元回归方程,其相关程度较一元回归更为密切。密度及长度与横截面面积比值较大的纤维板,其动态静曲弹性模量与静态值较为接近。     

四种方法测木质材料动弹性模量的对比研究

为寻找比较准确的估计木质材料静弹性模量的方法,以色木方材为例,采用纵向应力波、超声波、纵向共振和弯曲共振等4种方法检测41个无瑕疵试件的动弹性模量,采用静态载荷法测量其静弹性模量,并分析二者的相关性,采用配对t检验比较不同方法的差异。研究结果表明：四种方法测得的木质材料动弹性模量均高于其静弹性模量,但静、动弹性模量之间均呈显著的线性相关性,R2都大于0.7,因而四种方法都可以用来估计其静弹性模量。其中,弯曲共振法得到的样本试件动弹性模量与静弹性模量的差值均值最小,且相关性最高,因而运用弯曲共振法对木质材料静弹性模量进行估计最为准确,检测值也最接近静弹性模量值。     

声－超声技术评价兴安落叶松规格材的抗弯性质

测量落叶松规格材的波速、峰值电压、时间形心和频率形心等声－超声参数,以及气干密度、抗弯弹性模量和抗弯强度等物理力学性质,研究声－超声参数、气干密度、动态弹性模量等与抗弯性质之间的相关性。为了探索利用声－超声技术预测落叶松抗弯性质的可行性,分别以动态弹性模量和声－超声参数及气干密度为自变量,建立预测其规格材抗弯性质的回归模型。结果表明：所有的声－超声参数、气干密度与抗弯弹性模量均在0.01水平显著相关,峰值电压、频率形心、气干密度与抗弯强度在0.01水平显著相关。利用气干密度、峰值电压和波速3个参数为自变量建立的抗弯弹性模量和抗弯强度的预测模型的相关性(决定系数 r2分别为0.83和0.66)与传统的超声波方法(以动态弹性模量为自变量建立的抗弯弹性模量和抗弯强度预测模型,r2分别为0.80和0.34)相比,模型的预测能力显著提高。利用声－超声技术能够较好地预测落叶松规格材的抗弯力学性质,特别是抗弯强度。     

The variation of microfibril angle in South African grown Pinus patula and its influence on the stiffness of structural lumber

Reduction in the rotation ages of softwood saw-log plantations in South Africa is causing increased proportions of low stiffness sawn lumber at final harvest. It has been shown for some species that the microfibril angle (MFA) of the S2 layer of tracheids is strongly related to the modulus of elasticity (MOE) of wood, even more so than wood density, especially in wood formed during juvenile growth. The objectives of this study were to describe the variation in MFA in young Pinus patula trees and to determine the relationship between MFA and the dynamic MOE of sawn P. patula lumber. Thirty 16- to 20-year-old trees from six compartments from the Mpumalanga escarpment were processed into discs and lumber. The MFA, density and ring width were measured at two height levels using Silviscan 3. The average annual ring MFA varied between 7° and 29°; the pattern of variation depended mainly on height level and the ring number from the pith. The MFA in P. patula followed the same within-tree variation trends as in New Zealand-grown Pinus radiata but the average MFA was lower in absolute terms and differences between height levels were less pronounced. The MFA and density exhibited highly significant Pearson correlations of 0.73 and 0.70, respectively, with board dynamic MOE. A multiple regression model, which included MFA, density and ring width, explained 71% of the variation in the dynamic MOE of boards. A sensitivity analysis on the model showed that MFA and density had approximately similar influences on predicting the dynamic MOE of Pinus patula boards.     

小型环境舱法检测中纤板挥发性有机化合物的研究

为了降低人造板释放挥发性有机化合物(VOC)的检测成本,设计并制作了15L小型环境舱,进行中密度纤维板VOC的主要成分及其释放趋势的检测和考察,并与1m3环境舱检测数据进行对比。结果表明:芳香烃、烷烃和烯烃是中纤板的主要挥发性有机化合物,小型环境舱检测TVOC和芳香烃类的质量浓度值略高于大型环境舱,小型环境舱性能符合要求,可用于人造板释放VOC的检测。     

常规与低温纤维干燥工艺的热、(火用)评价

为实现中密度纤维板(MDF)生产的节能降耗,提高能量利用率,对MDF生产线的常规和低温纤维干燥工段进行了热、(火用)利用的对比分析.结果表明:与常规纤维干燥工艺相比,低温干燥工艺的热效率更高,干燥过程消耗热能低,且低温干燥设备的(火用)效率较高,可更有效地利用干燥能量.针对上述结果,从(火用)分析的角度,提出了MDF生产线节能改造、提高能量利用效率的建议.     

我国中密度纤维板质量现状分析

根据国家人造板质量监督检验中心１９９７年第２季度中密度纤维板国家监督抽查的结果和掌握的资料人造板 国中密度纤维板质量现状，并对存在的问题提出了建议，与同行共勉。     

模糊综合评判在板材气味评价中的应用

【目的】室内空气质量对人体健康影响巨大,家具板材是否环保至关重要。【方法】通过对板材气味综合评价,指导消费者对家具板材进行科学选取。以三聚氰胺贴面刨花板与中纤板及其素板为研究对象,用微池萃取仪采集气体,通过GC-MC-O嗅闻气味化合物种类及强度并分析其浓度,将模糊综合评判法应用于以上板材的气味评价。【结果】三聚氰胺贴面刨花板的模糊综合指数为2.885 0,各等级下的隶属度分别为0.208 7、0.225 6、0.207 4、0.188 6、0.169 7。刨花板素板的模糊综合指数为3.058 0,各等级下的隶属度为0.162 0、0.210 5、0.226 1、0.210 3、0.191 1。三聚氰胺贴面刨花板与三聚氰胺贴面中纤板气味评价等级为二级,质量良好,刨花板素板与中纤板素板气味评价等级为三级,质量合格。【结论】两种素板的模糊综合指数均偏高,其中含有危害性物质的释放,对板材进行贴面处理能够降低板材的危害性。本实验选用的中纤板的模糊综合指数稍高于刨花板。模糊综合评判法用科学的定量手段刻画板材气味评价中定性问题,使定性与定量分析融合。模糊综合评判在板材气味评价中考虑了多个气味化合物对板材的综合影响和各种气味化合物的毒性,它引导人们从另一角度客观评价板材质量,是一种可借鉴的好方法。     

利用超声波检测杉木抗弯弹性模量

以大尺寸杉木板材为研究对象，通过超声波测试仪对其动态弹性模量进行无损检测及用微机控制电子式木材万能试验机测试其静曲弹性模量，并分析了两种试验方法测定结果之间的关系。结果表明：（1）杉木板材的静曲弹性模量E1和动态弹性模量E2之间呈线性相关，不同厚度的试样无论是作为独立样本还是合并成总体样本空间，其相关性都非常显著，相关系数为0．75～0．95；（2）各种规格的杉木静曲弹性模量平均值E1与动态弹性模量平均值E2的比值E1／E2受杉木板材的厚度影响较小，其值为0．768～0．837。     

板式家具产品的生命周期评价

以中密度纤维板家具为研究对象,用生命周期评价的方法,对板式家具生产过程对环境的影响进行了评估。结果表明：加工每m3的中密度纤维板,资源消耗量最大的为木材（1．95t）,全球性环境影响主要表现在全球变暖（影响负荷313．35PE）,区域性影响主要来源于酸化（影响负荷43．34PE）,局地性影响主要由固体废弃物导致（影响负荷953mPE）。     

毛竹顺纹抗拉性质的变异及与气干密度的关系

将毛竹轴向分段(4段)、径向分层(6层)取样,研究其顺纹抗拉弹性模量和顺纹抗拉强度的变异规律,顺纹抗拉性质与气干密度之间的关系.结果表明:毛竹的顺纹抗拉弹性模量和顺纹抗拉强度的径向变异很大,不同位置竹材的顺纹抗拉弹性模量为8.49～32.49 GPa,最外层竹材的顺纹抗拉弹性模量约是最内层的3～4倍;不同位置顺竹材顺纹抗强度在115.94～328.15 MPa之间,最外层竹材的顺纹抗强度是最内层的2～3倍.用直线方程预测毛竹顺纹抗拉性质的效果略优于曲线方程的效果.     

Structural mechanism and effect of hole compressibility on mechanical strength of MFLB

We have studied the structural mechanism of micron flaky wood fiber light density board (MFLB), of which voids are an important structural characteristic. A new parameter called hole compressibility (η) was added to study the characteristics of MFLB further, in order to produce various levels of hole compressibility. A set of hot pressures was applied, and uniform parts at cross-sections of MFLB were selected to study the effects of hole compressibility on the modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) of MFLB by microscopic analyses. The results showed that MFLB (0.3 g/cm³ in density) processed at various hot pressures (from 1.6 to 2.2 MPa) all meet the norms of the Japan Light Particleboard Industrial Standard JISA 5908, where η ⩽ 0 ranging from −0.0487 to −0.068. The critical value of hole compressibility at which the strength began to decrease was also obtained. We compared the void distribution, size and shape at different void contents and hole compressibility and discussed the effects of hole compressibility on MOE and MOR of MFLB as well. To a certain density of raw material and micro-fiber of a certain thickness, the strength of MFLB can be decreased with an increase in hole compressibility. When the hole compressibility of MLFB exceeds a certain critical value, loading at a lower level will decrease MOR and MOE of MFLB considerably. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2007, 43(6): 123–127 [译自: 林业科学]     

聚乙二醇对五硼酸铵改性结构刨花板力学性能的影响

试验引入聚乙二醇改性体系以补偿五硼酸铵对结构刨花板力学性能的影响。结果表明：聚乙二醇可以弥补五硼酸铵对结构刨花板力学性能的降低,内结合强度随五硼酸铵用量的增加有一定程度的增大。五硼酸铵用量、聚乙二醇种类及聚乙二醇用量三个因素对内结合强度有显著影响,对静曲强度和弹性模量均无显著性影响。研究提出改性体系最佳配比为：2．80％的五硼酸铵（基于绝干刨花重）配合20％的PEG-2000（基于酚醛树脂胶粘剂用量）。     

Between- and within-site variation of density and bending properties of Picea abies structural timber from Norway

This study provides an analysis on the variability of structural timber of Norway spruce (Picea abies) grown in Norway. Density, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and bending strength were measured on 1188 boards from 205 trees, sampled from 14 sites throughout Southern Norway, Eastern Norway and Trøndelag. The area represents the procurement area for the majority of Norwegian sawmills. The variability of the timber properties was analysed in a linear mixed model where the random variance was divided into variance due to site, variance due to trees and within-tree variance. Models describing variance due to site based on site index, altitude and latitude were developed, and combined with data from the Norwegian National Forest Inventory to estimate mean values and variability of the timber properties. The results showed that major parts of the variance due to site are explained by altitude and site index, and for density also by latitude. Major parts of the variance due to site and the variance due to trees in bending strength and MOE were explained by density.