毒绳防治萧氏松茎象试验研究

研究了毒绳对萧氏松茎象的防治效果,结果表明:毒绳对防治萧氏松茎象有明显的作用。各试验区的有虫株率都呈下降趋势,平均下降了41%,平均相对防治效果达52.3%。防治前有虫株率试验区和对照区没有差异,防治后试验区和对照区差异极显著。3~4月防治平均相对防治效果达68.1%,6月只有31.4%,两个不同防治时间对萧氏松茎象的防治效果差异达到了显著水平。另外,对试验样地的长期监测表明:试验区有虫株率四年下降了60%,对照区上升了13%。     

无纺布白僵菌条防治萧氏松茎象试验

2010-2011年在信丰林区开展了无纺布白僵菌条防治萧氏松茎象成虫试验。结果表明,2010．2011年试验区萧氏松茎象当年肴虫株率平均分别下降71．2％和76．7％;相对防治效果平均分别为75．0％和78．9％。这说明无纺布白僵菌条能明显抑制萧氏松茎象种群的上升。     

萧氏松茎象林间诱捕技术的初步研究

应用纸型诱捕器进行林间萧氏松茎象成虫的诱捕试验。结果表明,在林间应用诱捕器防治萧氏松茎象以90个／hm^2的安装密度为宜,如作为监测手段则以45个／hm^2的安装密度为宜。在发生严重的林区安装诱捕器能有效控制萧氏松茎象种群。     

人工捕捉法防治萧氏松茎象效果初探

本文对萧氏松茎象的生活史及习性作了系统的观察，并对该虫的人工捕捉法防效进行了研究。结果表明，萧氏松茎象在德兴市2年发生1代，以幼虫和成虫越冬，成虫平均产卵量27粒，采取人工捕捉法防效在21.3%-100%之间。     

萧氏松茎象研究进展

综述了自20世纪90年代以来对萧氏松茎象在寄主、生物学、生态学、种群特征和空间分布规律、预测预报及防治方法等方面的研究进展,为萧氏松茎象的综合治理提供参考。     

萧氏松茎象在湿地松林中的虫口分布研究

萧氏松茎象（Hylobitelus xiaoi Zhang)是我省松林中的一大害虫，以幼虫蛀食湿地松、火炬松、马尾松等树干基部及根部韧皮部。为害严重时可造成整株松树死亡。该虫最初在吉安武功山发现，目前已扩散到江西、湖南两省的8个地、市，34个县（市），发生面积超过5万hm^2，国内有对该害虫生物学研究的报道，但未见对其种群发生动态和空间格局研究。笔者于1999年12月对萧氏松茎象在湿地松林中的虫口分布进行了初步研究，现将结果报道如下。     

萧氏松茎象在江西的发生及防治

本文论述了萧氏松茎象Hylobitelus xiaoi Zhang在江西的危害、发生与分布概况,并对影响江西萧氏松茎象发生的环境因子进行了分析,同时提出了适合江西萧氏松茎象防治的有效方法.     

萧氏松茎象致病性白僵菌培养基的筛选

对萧氏松茎象致病性白僵菌培养基进行了筛选。结果表明,白僵菌各菌株在PPDA培养基上的生长量明显大于其它培养基,感病率也明显低于PDA培养基,因此,PPDA是萧氏松茎象致病性白僵菌的最佳培养基。     

萧氏松茎象的发生与防治

萧氏松茎象是严重危害湿地松的钻蛀性害虫。本文系统综述了萧氏松茎象的生活史及其生物学特性、分布范围、危害特点,并提出了萧氏松茎象的防治办法。     

诱捕器的不同颜色和滑层材料对萧氏松茎象成虫诱捕的影响

研究了不同颜色诱捕器对萧氏松茎象成虫的诱捕效果和不同滑层材料对其逃逸的抑制效果。结果表明:黑色诱捕器对萧氏松茎象成虫的诱捕效果最好;滑层材料D对萧氏松茎象逃逸的抑制率为100%。因此,选择滑层材料D用于诱捕器的制作,并采用黑色作为诱捕器的颜色,可以提高林间诱捕效果。     

甘蔗绵蚜为害损失研究

甘蔗绵蚜Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner是现今广泛分布于我国各甘蔗种植区,严重影响甘蔗产量和品质的叶部害虫。为探明现有生产水平条件下甘蔗绵蚜对甘蔗实测产量及糖分的为害损失和对新植宿根出苗的影响情况,给甘蔗绵蚜的科学有效防控提供理论依据和翔实的实测数据。本研究于2014—2016年,选择主栽品种,同田设立为害区和未为害区,调查评估绵蚜为害对新植宿根出苗的影响,甘蔗成熟期分别收砍称量和测定分析甘蔗产量及糖分含量,并计算甘蔗实测产量及糖分损失。研究结果显示,甘蔗实测产量减少2 503~4 123kg/667m~2,平均3 079kg/667m~2;产量损失率为28.5%~45.7%,平均35.9%;出汁率减少2.4%~4.13%,平均3.01%;甘蔗糖分降低5.48%~8.16%,平均6.38%;蔗汁锤度降低6.95~9.05°BX,平均7.66°BX;蔗汁重力纯度降低8.43%~19.97%,平均12.35%;而蔗汁还原糖分则增加1.01%~1.3%,平均1.21%;新植出苗率降低24.7%~27.3%,平均26.0%;宿根出苗数减少3 829~5 083株/667m~2,平均4 456株/667m~2,相对出苗损失率为57.6%~58.0%,平均57.8%。可见,目前云南蔗区甘蔗绵蚜为害造成的甘蔗产量及糖分损失十分严重,甘蔗绵蚜为害已成为现阶段严重影响甘蔗产量和品质的主要挑战之一。研究结果对加强甘蔗绵蚜的科学有效防控和支持中国蔗糖产业的可持续发展具有重要意义。     

3种杀线虫剂防治蔬菜根结线虫研究

在保护地用98%棉隆微粒剂、5%硫线磷颗粒剂、10%噻唑膦颗粒剂处理土壤,防治黄瓜和番茄上根结线虫试验结果表明,3种药剂均可有效地控制根结线虫的危害。在番茄地3种处理的病指分别为27.6、41.3和46.7,增产率分别为77.9%、63.8%和52.8%,空白对照病指达100。在黄瓜地3种处理病指分别为2.69、3.49和9.11,增产率分别为56.6%、45.3和44.2%,空白对照病指为31.11,差异极显著。     

小卷蛾斯氏线虫对辣椒烟粉虱的控制作用

本文研究了小卷蛾斯氏线虫Steinernema carpocapsae对烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci的侵染能力以及对田间辣椒烟粉虱的控制作用.结果表明,室温(28±2)℃,空气湿度(60±5)％,辣椒叶背面湿润的条件下,线虫约在4 h侵入烟粉虱若虫体内,2～3 d内致其死亡.不同浓度线虫对烟粉虱若虫的控制效果不同...     

Control of potato powdery scab caused by Spongospora subterranea by foliage cover and soil application of chemicals under field conditions with naturally infested soil

Powdery scab (PS), caused by Spongospora subterranea, reduces the quality and marketability of potatoes worldwide. Disease symptoms include lesions on the tuber surface and root galling, which may lead to yield losses. In the current study we report a sustainable approach to reduce PS by manipulating soil temperature during tuber initiation. Plant cover with nonwoven fabric significantly reduced PS on tubers by 54%–69% in 2017 and 84%–93% in 2019, compared to the control, and root galling by 96% in 2019, due to an increased average minimum and maximum soil temperature of 1.8 and 4.2 °C in respective years. Additional preplanting soil treatments were also evaluated in naturally infested soil. In 2017, disease incidence and severity were significantly reduced using 2.5 or 5 L a.i./ha fluazinam in broadcast application or in-furrow, and by 0.375 or 0.75 L a.i./ha flusulphamide applied in-furrow. In 2019, disease incidence and severity were significantly reduced by the broadcast application of fluazinam, and 75 kg/ha calcium cyanamide, but the latter had a negative impact on yield. Soil fumigation with metam sodium resulted in a 98% reduction in PS. Root galling was significantly reduced by calcium cyanamide, metam sodium, and fluazinam in the 2019 trial only. Foliar application of resistance-inducing phosphonates combined with fluazinam application had no additive effect on PS incidence and severity. Integrated approaches such as tolerant cultivars, soil testing, preplanting fungicide application, and sustainable means of control such as foliage cover for a short period may be implemented in order to control the disease and minimize damage.     

农思它的气相色谱分析方法

本文采用７％ＯＶ－１７，长度为１ｍ的玻璃柱，以邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯为内标物，在１９５℃的柱温下用ＦＩＤ检测器对农思它进行定量分析，分析方法的变异系数为０．４１％，平均回收率为９９．９８％，线性相关系数为０．９９９９。     

利用微生物杀菌剂防治马铃薯黄萎病

马铃薯黄萎病是一种重要的世界性土传兼种传维管束病害,危害大且防治困难。利用活体微生物杀菌剂是防治作物土传病害的有效措施之一。本研究通过盆栽试验评价了微生物杀菌剂枯草芽胞杆菌可湿性粉剂对马铃薯出苗和生长的安全性,在河北省马铃薯主产区开展田间小区试验,研究了该制剂有效防治马铃薯黄萎病的使用方法和适宜施用剂量,并在河北省涞源县、围场县和永年区3县区分别开展了田间示范应用。盆栽试验和田间试验结果表明,枯草芽胞杆菌可湿性粉剂15、30和45 kg/hm²拌种处理对马铃薯出苗安全,对马铃薯生长没有不良影响;田间小区试验表明,在围场县试验田中,该制剂30 kg/hm²拌种处理单独使用或30 kg/hm²拌种加15 kg/hm²初花期滴灌使用均能显著减轻马铃薯黄萎病的发生,分别增产15.53%和17.10%;在新乐市试验田,枯草芽胞杆菌可湿性粉剂30 kg/hm²拌种处理显著增加马铃薯产量16.38%。田间示范应用结果表明,枯草芽胞杆菌可湿性粉剂30 kg/hm²拌种处理在涞源县和围场县防治马铃薯黄萎病效果显著,防效分别为84.22%和72.93%,两地分别显著增产24.30%和9.27%;在邯郸市永年区,相比化学药剂对照处理,枯草芽胞杆菌可湿性粉剂30 kg/hm²拌种处理显著增加马铃薯产量19.73%。本研究表明,枯草芽胞杆菌可湿性粉剂对马铃薯黄萎病具有显著的防治效果和显著的增产效果,为该制剂在马铃薯生产中高效应用提供了科学依据。     

中红侧沟茧蜂对棉铃虫核型多角体病毒的传播作用

中红侧沟茧蜂Microplitis mediator与核型多角体病毒(nucleopolyhedrovirus, NPV)是棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera的两种重要生物防治因子。中红侧沟茧蜂传播NPV对于利用二者协同防治棉铃虫具有重要意义。本研究探讨了给中红侧沟茧蜂饲喂含病毒蜂蜜水、体表喷洒病毒液、中红侧沟茧蜂在染毒宿主体内产卵、从染毒宿主体内发育、蜂茧浸泡病毒5种带毒方式的传播病毒效率,以及饲喂带病毒蜂蜜水方式下的传播机制。结果表明,饲喂带病毒蜂蜜水和体表喷洒病毒时中红侧沟茧蜂传毒率较高,在连续传毒的3 d内传毒效率分别为15.1%、9.1%～9.3%、2.4%～4%,其他3种方式传毒效率较低。在田间防治时可以利用中红侧沟茧蜂的传毒作用采用病毒与寄生峰的协同防控策略。     

Production of Ochratoxin A by Aspergillus Ochraceus

The effects of growth conditions, trace metals, carbon and nitrogen source on ochratoxin A (OTA) production by Aspergillus ochraceus NRRL 3174 were investigated in submerged liquid culture medium. No correlation between biomass production and OTA synthesis was observed. OTA production depended on the initial pH and was influenced by changing the pH of the culture medium. This effect was not due to differences in the availability of metal ions. At pH 6.5, 0.2 mg l^?1 Zn increased biomass and OTA production by 50%. Fe at 0.12 mg l^?1 resulted in a 40% decrease in the amount of OTA/biomass although the quantity of biomass was not affected. Amounts of OTA produced per biomass increased with decreasing glucose concentrations. Lactose triggered the highest amounts of OTA/biomass despite low yields of biomass. NO₃ ^? stimulated the amount of OTA/biomass by 25% and NH₄ ⁺ reduced the amount of OTA/biomass by 25% compared with NH₄NO₃ as nitrogen source.     

化学方法解除野慈姑种子休眠研究

HCl、NaOH、Na2CO3、NaCl、赤霉素（GA3）、芸薹素内酯（BR）浸种处理,探讨溶液浓度、浸种时间对野慈姑（Sagittaria trifolia Linn．）种子萌发的影响。结果表明,NaOH溶液浸种处理可以作为快速解除野慈姑种子休眠、提高发芽率的方法,最佳处理为25％NaOH溶液浸种4h,可使野慈姑种子萌发率达73．00％。HCl溶液浸种处理仅能解除部分野慈姑种子的休眠,20％HCl溶液浸种4h野慈姑种子的发芽率最高;为48．33％。Na2CO3、NaCl、GA3、BR溶液浸种处理,野慈姑种子的最高发芽率分别仅为10．33％、9．33％、11．33％、9．67％,不能用于解除野慈姑种子的休眠。     

Experience-altered oviposition responses to a neem-based product, Neemix, by the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella

The oviposition responses of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L., to Neemix 4.5, a neem-based oviposition repellent/deterrent, with or without previous experience were studied in the laboratory on plain aluminum foil sheets, on aluminum foil sheets coated with cabbage juice, and on cabbage plants. In the plain aluminum foil sheet experiment, the females without prior experience of Neemix (inexperienced females) deposited more eggs (66.2%) on sections with untreated sheets than on sections with Neemix-treated sheets (33.8%), indicating that the inexperienced females were significantly repelled and/or deterred by Neemix. In contrast, the Neemix-experienced females deposited more eggs (69.2-69.7%) on sections with Neemix-treated sheets than on sections with untreated sheets (30.3-30.8%), implying that the females were not repelled and/or deterred by Neemix following an experience. In the tests using egg-laying sheets coated with cabbage juice or with cabbage juice plus Neemix, the inexperienced females deposited more eggs (63.8%) on the sections with sheets treated with cabbage juice only than on the sections with sheets coated with cabbage juice and Neemix (36.2%), indicating that inexperienced females were repelled and/or deterred by Neemix. Similarly, Neemix-experienced females deposited more eggs (62.2-65.6%) on the sections with sheets treated with cabbage juice plus Neemix than on the sections with sheets treated with juice only (34.4-37.8%), suggesting that the females were not repelled and/or deterred by Neemix following an experience. On cabbage plants, inexperienced females oviposited similar numbers of eggs on both Neemix-treated (50.8%) and untreated plants (49.2%). However, the Neemix-experienced females oviposited more eggs on the plants treated with Neemix (56.3%) than on untreated plants (43.7%), indicating that the females were attracted by Neemix-treated plants following an experience. The significance of this study for applications of insect repellents/deterrents in pest management is discussed.