ZLX-150型重力选种机检测控制系统设计

重力选种机是一种通过筛床振动和负风压对种子进行筛选的设备。设计的ZLX-150型重力选种机在运行过程中,通过对风压和振动频率等参数进行实时监测和控制,确保机器始终工作在设定的有效状态下,从而达到期望的选种效果。该型重力选种机基于ARM平台进行设计,可对机器运行状态进行动态测量并实现自动控制。传感器模块采用滤波等方式提高测量精确度,执行器部分通过强弱电隔离保证了系统的安全性和稳定性。现场调试和运行测试表明,该系统运行稳定,具有良好的筛选效果。     

温室环境下多变量的控制系统设计

针对有效、快速地检测和控制温室环境因素是温室生产的关键这一问题,介绍了温室中温度、湿度、光照和CO2浓度等主要的环境因素,并研究了对这些因素进行有效管理和控制的策略,设计了温室环境下多变量的控制系统。该系统体系结构为工控机和单片机开发系统的主从式结构,能够对温室内外环境因子进行实时监测和智能化调节,为农作物创造最优化的生长条件;系统以PC机为上位机,完成数据打印、数据处理和参数设置等辅助任务;采用MCS-51单片机为下位机,完成全部控制功能,下位机可脱离上位机独立工作。     

基于PLC的自动浇灌系统的设计

本文阐述了基于PLC的自动浇灌系统的设计,本系统可用于对植物进行自动浇灌。系统采用西门子S7-200 PLC为控制器,通过以太网进行通讯将采集到的温度、湿度和液位值等信息传输给触摸屏显示,同时也传输给计算机上的组态王软件显示并生成实时曲线记录数据的变化趋势。本系统将实时的温度、湿度和液位值等与预设值进行比较判断,通过上位机或者下位机分别来控制PLC的输出以实现对植物的自动浇灌。     

基于PLC和MCGS的偏心式林果振动采收机控制系统设计

为了提高林果采收效率,根据偏心式林果振动采收机的工作原理以及控制要求,设计了基于PLC和组态软件的采收机控制系统。该系统采用两级控制方案,上位机由触摸屏和MCGS组态监控软件组成,实现采收过程监控,包括采收参数设定、显示、采收方案选择以及报警等;下位机采用西门子S7-200系列可编程逻辑控制器(PLC),通过梯形图编程,实现采收机开关控制以及采收参数采集等,上位机与下位机通过RS232/485串口通讯。该系统满足设计要求,界面友好、运行可靠、操作方便,提高了林果采收自动化水平和采收效率。     

小型多功能种子筛选装置的研制

为解决水选法可选出饱满种子,但不宜用于选除因受到物理性损伤而破碎的种子、机选法能够选出完好种子但会对种子造成一定的损伤及完整却不饱满的种子难以选除的实际,在现有种子筛选装置的基础上,确定了小型多功能种子筛选装置的总体方案,并完成了筛选、动力等关键部件的设计,设计出一款集水选法、机选法于一体且对不同种子适用的小型种子筛选装置。运用三维软件对种子筛选装置进行建模分析,以验证设计的可靠性。试验结果表明:经过机械筛选,继续采用隔水筛选法筛选种子,可获得较高质量的种子;在完成机械筛选后,继续采用筛选水分离法筛选种子,可以获得较高质量的种子。     

滴灌智能化监控系统的研制

介绍了一种滴灌智能化监控系统。该系统运用传感器技术、自动检测技术、通讯技术和微型计算机技术，实现对滴灌的监控。该系统由上位机和下位机组成，其间用RS232接口相连。下位机由单片机采集系统和控制系统构成，采集系统包括采集湿度和液位，下位机把采集到的数据通过串口通信传到上位机。上位机主要是数据处理的应用程序和专家数据库，上位机系统可根据湿度进行控制策略的制定，然后把控制数据再传给下位机，通过下位机去控制设备，进而完成整个监控过程。     

双路自动调节变量喷药监控系统的设计

设计了一种双路自动调节变量喷药监控系统,进行了仿真试验。首先,设计了系统的硬件和软件。系统由上位机和下位机组成,上位机通过LabVIEW编程软件实现数据的分析与存储,下位机以单片机为核心进行数据采集与处理。系统根据喷药区域病虫草害程度的不同,将喷药执行管路分为两条支路分别控制,结合采集的速度信息实现自动调节变量喷药,使喷药控制方法更加精确、农药有效使用率更高。在下位机通过PROTEUS进行的电路仿真试验中,流量阀控制信号模拟试验可实现电压表实时显示0～5V的控制信号,并可根据脉冲的频率变化而实时更新;压力模拟量的采集与转换试验转换数据的平均误差为1%。在对上位机软件进行的仿真试验中,LabVIEW前面板可将采集到的数据实时生成变化曲线,并通过VI存储程序存储为表格形式。仿真试验表明:硬件和软件系统设计较为合理,可达到目标要求。     

智能节水温室的设计与实现

介绍了一项自主研发的智能节水温室系统,主要论述上位机的设计开发。上位机通过RS232串口发送控制指令到下位机中,采集下位机控制的现场传感器数据,并通过串口将数据送到上位机。上位机可以设定土壤的温、湿度等墒情指标的阈值,下位机根据上位机预置阈值来控制卷帘、通风和水泵等设备的相应操作,实现了精准灌溉、节水、节能。     

一种干果分选机卸料装置的设计

设计了一种以电磁铁为执行器的干果分选机卸料装置,由贯通式推拉电磁铁、翻板和复位弹簧等部分组成,可依据分选机控制信号的要求完成对合格及不合格果品的分类卸料。当检测系统(如机器视觉等)发现不合格果品时,由控制信号触发控制推拉式电磁铁动作并适时打开翻板,使不合格果品从卸料架落到卸料挡板上,通过缓冲材料后落入不合格果品箱内,而合格果品则沿翻板落入到合格果品收集处。该卸料装置具有结构简单、控制容易等特点,特别适合小型多通道分选机的物料分离。试验结果表明,所设计的卸料装置工作可靠、灵敏性较高,能满足实际使用要求。     

株间锄草机器人刀苗信息优化系统设计与试验

为提高株间锄草机器人机器视觉刀苗信息获取精度,提出采用里程信息和视觉信息融合的刀苗距优化方法,设计了基于C8051F020单片机的刀苗距优化系统,分析了优化系统构成,为提高里程精度和系统抗振动干扰能力,设计了精准里程采集逻辑电路对测速脉冲进行倍频、辨向及逻辑处理。根据里程信息与视觉信息相对误差的分布规律提出了双阈值权重判断算法对刀苗距进行优化,并给出了软件实现流程。刀苗距优化试验发现该系统可有效过滤机器视觉出现的错误和不稳定信息,静态测试刀苗距误差达6.7 mm,误差减小10.3%。模拟锄草试验表明,在动态下该系统可降低锄刀多转可能性,提高系统的稳定性。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。