基于Android手机平台的冬小麦叶面积指数快速测量系统

叶面积指数（Leaf area index,LAI）是衡量作物生长状况的重要参数,也是科学确定无人机喷药量的主要指标。为了建立一套作物叶面积指数实时测量方法,基于Android手机平台开发了一种冬小麦叶面积指数快速测量系统。在大田条件下选取长势均匀的10个试验区域,在不同生长期采用Android手机平台和ADC多光谱相机分别获取小麦冠层图像,同时手工测量小麦实际叶面积,根据不同测量结果计算3种叶面积指数： 将Android手机图像由RGB空间转换到HSV空间,在H-V双通道组合图像上进行图像分割后计算绿色叶片的面积IArea;由ADC多光谱相机自带软件获取的归一化植被指数（NDVI）和调节土壤植被指数（SAVI）数据反演的叶面积指数ALAI;实际手工测量的叶面积指数LAI。对以上3种叶面积指数的相关分析和建模分析结果表明,随着小麦不同生长期的变化,Android手机平台获取IArea与实际测量叶面积指数LAI的R2大于0.84(P小于0.01),ADC获取的叶面积指数ALAI与实际测量叶面积指数LAI的R2大于0.83。     

基于Sentinel-2遥感影像的玉米冠层叶面积指数反演

叶面积指数是描述玉米冠层结构的重要参数之一,决定玉米冠层的光合作用、呼吸作用、蒸腾和碳循环等生物物理过程,因此精确反演叶面积指数对玉米长势监测具有重要意义。以河北省保定市的涿州市、高碑店市、定兴县为研究区,利用Sentinel-2遥感影像和LAI-2000地面同步实测数据进行玉米冠层叶面积指数反演,使用归一化差异光谱指数和比值型光谱指数两类指数,构建了单变量和多变量玉米冠层叶面积指数反演模型,通过决定系数(R2)和均方根误差(RMSE)筛选出最佳模型。研究结果表明,由NDSI(783,705)构建的单变量模型为最优反演模型,其决定系数为0.534 2,均方根误差为0.288 5。因此,基于Sentinel-2遥感影像利用植被指数反演玉米冠层叶面积指数的方法可作为判断玉米长势状况的初步判断依据。     

基于Sentinel-2遥感影像的玉米冠层叶面积指数反演方法

叶面积指数是描述玉米冠层结构的重要参数之一,决定玉米冠层的光合作用、呼吸作用、蒸腾和碳循环等生物物理过程,因此精确反演叶面积指数对玉米长势监测具有重要意义。本文以河北省保定市的涿州市、高碑店市、定兴县为研究区,利用Sentinel-2遥感影像和LAI-2000地面同步实测数据进行玉米冠层叶面积指数反演,使用归一化差异光谱指数和比值型光谱指数两类指数,构建了单变量和多变量玉米冠层叶面积指数反演模型,通过决定系数(R~2)和均方根误差(RMSE)筛选出最佳模型。研究结果表明,由NDSI_((783,705))构建的单变量模型为最优反演模型,其决定系数为0.5342,均方根误差为0.2885。因此,基于Sentinel-2遥感影像利用植被指数反演玉米冠层叶面积指数的方法可作为判断玉米长势状况的初步判断依据。     

基于Sentinel-2遥感影像的玉米冠层叶面积指数反演方法

叶面积指数是描述玉米冠层结构的重要参数之一,决定玉米冠层的光合作用、呼吸作用、蒸腾和碳循环等生物物理过程,因此精确反演叶面积指数对玉米长势监测具有重要意义。本文以河北省保定市的涿州市、高碑店市、定兴县为研究区,利用Sentinel-2遥感影像和LAI-2000地面同步实测数据进行玉米冠层叶面积指数反演,使用归一化差异光谱指数和比值型光谱指数两类指数,构建了单变量和多变量玉米冠层叶面积指数反演模型,通过决定系数(R~2)和均方根误差(RMSE)筛选出最佳模型。研究结果表明,由NDSI_((783,705))构建的单变量模型为最优反演模型,其决定系数为0.5342,均方根误差为0.2885。因此,基于Sentinel-2遥感影像利用植被指数反演玉米冠层叶面积指数的方法可作为判断玉米长势状况的初步判断依据。     

基于Sentinel-2遥感影像的玉米冠层叶面积指数反演方法

叶面积指数是描述玉米冠层结构的重要参数之一,决定玉米冠层的光合作用、呼吸作用、蒸腾和碳循环等生物物理过程,因此精确反演叶面积指数对玉米长势监测具有重要意义。本文以河北省保定市的涿州市、高碑店市、定兴县为研究区,利用Sentinel-2遥感影像和LAI-2000地面同步实测数据进行玉米冠层叶面积指数反演,使用归一化差异光谱指数和比值型光谱指数两类指数,构建了单变量和多变量玉米冠层叶面积指数反演模型,通过决定系数(R~2)和均方根误差(RMSE)筛选出最佳模型。研究结果表明,由NDSI_((783,705))构建的单变量模型为最优反演模型,其决定系数为0.5342,均方根误差为0.2885。因此,基于Sentinel-2遥感影像利用植被指数反演玉米冠层叶面积指数的方法可作为判断玉米长势状况的初步判断依据。     

基于Sentinel-2遥感影像的玉米冠层叶面积指数反演方法

叶面积指数是描述玉米冠层结构的重要参数之一,决定玉米冠层的光合作用、呼吸作用、蒸腾和碳循环等生物物理过程,因此精确反演叶面积指数对玉米长势监测具有重要意义。本文以河北省保定市的涿州市、高碑店市、定兴县为研究区,利用Sentinel-2遥感影像和LAI-2000地面同步实测数据进行玉米冠层叶面积指数反演,使用归一化差异光谱指数和比值型光谱指数两类指数,构建了单变量和多变量玉米冠层叶面积指数反演模型,通过决定系数(R~2)和均方根误差(RMSE)筛选出最佳模型。研究结果表明,由NDSI_((783,705))构建的单变量模型为最优反演模型,其决定系数为0.5342,均方根误差为0.2885。因此,基于Sentinel-2遥感影像利用植被指数反演玉米冠层叶面积指数的方法可作为判断玉米长势状况的初步判断依据。     

无人机热红外反演土壤含水率的方法

以不同生育期夏玉米为对象,讨论无人机热红外反演夏玉米田土壤含水率的精度及反演方法.利用无人机获取试验区的可见光和热红外图像.通过可见光图像提取冠层掩膜并叠加在热红外图像上提取玉米冠层温度,分析冠层温度的变化趋势及与叶面积指数(LAI)的相关性.最后,利用冠气温差的相反数与叶面积指数构建了一个新指标(D_TL),讨论了冠气温差或D_TL指标反演土壤含水率的准确性.结果表明：冠层温度随着土壤含水量的增加而降低,夏玉米LAI在一定程度上可以表征冠层温度;对比4个时期的数据,发现冠气温差反演效果在灌溉后较好(如2次灌后R²分别为0.614 6和0.463 7);与冠气温差相比,D_TL指标可以提高土壤含水量反演的精度,如0～20 cm深度的R²从0.614 6和0.463 7提高到0.661 6和0.485 0.该研究对热红外反演夏玉米田间土壤含水率方法进行了新的尝试.     

冬小麦冠气温差及其相关影响因素关系研究

在冬小麦主要生育期(2002年的4月初到5月底),对3个不同水分处理测定了冠层温度、气温以及土壤含水率和叶面积指数,并进一步计算了冠气温差并分析了冠气温差与土壤含水率和叶面积指数间的关系。结果表明:不同的灌溉措施对冠气温差的影响是有差异的;中午14:00左右在H2高度处(冠层之上)的冠气温差能反映作物的水分特征,可以用此时刻的实验结果来检验遥感数据反演冠气温差的精度;在60～80cm土层的土壤体积含水率能较好地反映中午14:00冠层之上冬小麦冠气温差的变化情况,不同水分处理二者的相关系数(R2)分别为0.60361(节水灌溉),0.95668(充分灌溉),0.84597(不灌溉);不同水分处理下的冬小麦主要生育期的叶面积指数与冠气温差也有一定的相关性,冠层之上二者的相关系数分别为:0.76082(节水灌溉),0.40548(充分灌溉),0.99499(不灌溉),这为区域上遥感反演作物冠气温差来监测土壤含水率及作物估产提供了依据。     

基于无人机航拍图像的大田玉米冠层结构建模

针对目前采用三维数字化等方法获取大田作物冠层结构信息时需要手动干预、费时费力的问题,利用超微小型无人机分别获取了苗期大田玉米群体的航拍图像、去掉周边植株后成熟期单株及多株的玉米小群体航拍图像.基于伪极点-Crust方法构建了玉米苗期和成熟期的冠层结构模型,并基于大田原位手动测量的株高、叶长、最大叶宽、叶面积等参数对所构...     

基于激光雷达的树形靶标冠层叶面积探测模型研究

果园靶标冠层叶面积有效探测是施药量在线计算的基本依据。针对树形靶标稠密和稀疏2种冠层类型,搭建叶面积测量三维立体试验平台和激光雷达(Light detection and ranging,LiDAR)探测移动试验平台,构建不同厚度和稠密度树形靶标,采用偏最小二乘回归（Partial least squares regression,PLSR）算法与BP（Back propagation）神经网络算法建立了冠层叶面积探测模型。试验结果表明：PLSR算法获得稠密厚冠层、稀疏厚冠层、稠密薄冠层和稀疏薄冠层叶面积探测模型的决定系数（R2）分别为：0.9626、0.4130、0.8896、0.2699;BP神经网络算法获得模型的R2依次为：0.9727、0.5302、0.8993、0.4290。基于LiDAR的冠层叶面积探测模型对稠密冠层探测精度较高,R2不低于0.8896,对稀疏冠层探测精度较低,不高于0.5302,该探测方法可用于稠密冠层叶面积在线计算,指导果园精准变量喷药。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。