聚丙烯戊糖片球菌对肉仔鸡生长性能、屠体指标及肉品质的影响

为研究日粮中添加不同水平聚丙烯戊糖片球菌对肉仔鸡生长性能、屠体指标以及肉质性状的影响,将1日龄AA肉公鸡400只,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复20只鸡。前3周均饲喂基础饲粮,第4周起,第1组为对照组,第2、3、4组在基础饲粮基础上分别饲喂109、1010、1011CFU/d.只的聚丙烯戊糖片球菌,试验期42 d。结果表明:(1)高、中、低剂量的聚丙烯戊糖片球菌对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响均不显著(P>0.05)。(2)1011CFU聚丙烯戊糖片球菌添加组肉仔鸡的胸肌率和腿肌率较对照组显著提高6.72%和5.2%(P<0.05)。(3)109CFU聚丙烯戊糖片球菌添加组肉仔鸡胸肌的L*值和腿肌的剪切力显著降低(P<0.05),腿肌的失水率极显著降低(P<0.01)。     

戊糖片球菌PP-23对AA肉鸡生长性能和免疫性能的影响

本试验旨在研究戊糖片球菌PP-23对AA肉鸡生长性能和免疫性能的影响。将1日龄体重相近、雌雄各半的240只AA肉鸡分为5组，对照组C0饲喂基础日粮，T1～T4试验组饲喂基础日粮添加(持续或间断)不同浓度戊糖片球菌PP-23，试验期为3周。结果表明，与C0组相比，T1组FW和ADG均显著提高，F/G显著降低，ADFI差异不显著；T2～T4组各指标与C0组均差异不显著；T1组半净膛率和全净膛率、T3组全净膛率均显著升高。T3组法氏囊指数显著升高，其他3组差异不显著。qRT-PCR分析显示，各试验组空肠IFN-γ、IL-1β基因及脾脏IFN-γ基因的表达量均显著下调；T1、T2及T3组脾脏IL-1β基因表达水平显著下调。与C0组相比，T1～T4组空肠绒毛高度和宽度均显著提高；T1、T2组空肠和回肠中的绒隐比显著提升；T4组十二指肠肌层厚度显著提升。由此可见，在AA肉鸡日粮中添加戊糖片球菌PP-23可以提高AA肉鸡的生长性能，改善小肠的肠道结构，增强其免疫性能，持续饲喂戊糖片球菌PP-23 1.0×10⁷ CFU/g的效果最佳。     

谷氨酰胺对AA肉鸡屠宰性能及肉品质性状的影响

本文旨在研究日粮中添加谷氨酰胺(Gln)对AA肉鸡屠宰性能及肉品质性状的影响。选择28日龄健康的爱拨益加(AA)肉鸡120只(♀),随机分成4组,每组30只,A组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,B、C和D组为试验组,分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加0.4%、0.7%和1.0%Gln的日粮,试验期14 d,试验结束每组随机抽取10只肉鸡屠宰测定屠宰性能及肉品质性状指标。结果表明:日粮中添加Gln对AA肉鸡的屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率和皮下脂肪厚无显著影响,有提高熟肉率、宰后肌肉pH值的趋势,D组腹脂率显著降低(P<0.05),B组和C组胸肌滴水损失显著降低(P<0.05),C组和D组腿肌滴水损失显著降低(P<0.05)。结果提示在AA肉鸡日粮中添加Gln对屠宰性能和肉品质性状有改善作用。     

谷氨酰胺对肉仔鸡生长性能和盲肠沙门氏菌定植的影响

文章旨在研究谷氨酰胺对肉鸡生长性能和盲肠沙门氏菌水平的影响。试验1选择1日龄AA肉仔鸡234只,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复26只鸡,对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型日粮,处理1组饲喂基础日粮(在3日龄感染3.6×10^6cfu沙门氏菌),处理2组饲喂基础日粮+10g/kg谷氨酰胺(在3日龄感染3.6×10^6cfu沙门氏菌)。试验2选择1日龄AA肉仔鸡312只,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复26只鸡,对照组和处理1组同试验1,处理3组同试验1的处理2组,但肉鸡感染7.5×10^6cfu沙门氏菌试验2处理2组饲喂基础日粮+10g/kg谷氨酰胺(不感染沙门氏菌)。两个试验均开展14d。试验1:日粮添加谷氨酰胺对肉鸡生长性能无显著影响(P>0.05)。试验2:处理2组较其他组显著提高了1~7d肉鸡的体重和日增重(P<0.05)。肉鸡感染沙门氏菌4或10d后,日粮添加谷氨酰胺对盲肠沙门氏菌含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。结论:日粮添加1%谷氨酰胺可以提高肉鸡生长性能,但并没有降低盲肠沙门氏菌水平,这说明日粮中添加1%谷氨酰胺不足以达到降低盲肠沙门氏菌的最佳水平。     

复合微生物发酵饲料对白羽肉鸡生长性能、免疫性能及肉品质的影响

为研究复合微生物发酵饲料对白羽肉鸡生长性能、免疫性能及肉品质的影响,试验选取1日龄爱拔益加(AA+)肉仔鸡600只,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别用25％、50％、75％和100％发酵饲料替代基础饲粮,试验期为42 d.结果表明:(1)试验Ⅳ组平均日增重比对照组...     

壳寡糖和丁酸梭菌对肉仔鸡生长性能、血清生化指标及内脏器官相对重的影响

试验旨在研究壳寡糖和丁酸梭菌对AA肉仔鸡生长性能、血清生化指标以及内脏器官相对重的影响。采用2×2双因子试验设计,选取360只1日龄健康AA肉鸡公雏,随机分成4组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,壳寡糖组饲喂基础饲粮+150 mg/kg壳寡糖,丁酸梭菌组饲喂基础饲粮+5×10~8cfu/kg丁酸梭菌,复合组饲喂基础饲粮+150 mg/kg壳寡糖+5×10~8cfu/kg丁酸梭菌。试验期为42 d。结果表明:饲粮单独添加壳寡糖或丁酸梭菌或壳寡糖和丁酸梭菌联合使用均显著降低了1～21日龄肉仔鸡的料重比(P0.05);试验组肉仔鸡血清中碱性磷酸酶含量极显著低于对照组(P0.01);与对照组相比,饲粮单独添加壳寡糖或丁酸梭菌均显著降低了肉仔鸡空肠相对重(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加壳寡糖或丁酸梭菌能够促进肉仔鸡的生长发育,但二者联合使用效果不优于二者单独使用效果。     

鸡源戊糖片球菌对SPF鸡生长、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响

试验旨在探索鸡源戊糖片球菌对无特定病原(SPF)鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及肌肉品质的影响。试验选用60只7日龄SPF鸡,随机分为3个处理,每个处理2个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂添加戊糖片球菌和屎肠球菌的基础日粮,试验期为24 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,戊糖片球菌的添加能显著提高鸡的体重、平均日增重、粗蛋白消化率、屠宰率、脾脏指数和肌肉的脂肪含量,降低料重比(P0.05);与屎肠球菌添加相比,戊糖片球菌添加能显著提高粗蛋白消化率、屠宰率和肌肉脂肪含量(P0.05)。提示鸡源戊糖片球菌能提高SPF鸡的生长性能、屠宰率及肌肉脂肪含量,是一种理想的益生菌菌株。     

壳聚糖对肉仔鸡抗氧化能力及免疫器官指数的影响

本试验旨在探讨壳聚糖对AA肉仔鸡抗氧化能力及免疫器官指数的影响.选择96只1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分成4个日粮处理组,每组4个重复,每个重复6只鸡.第1组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,第2、3、4组分别在基础日粮中添加50、100、150mg/㎏的壳聚糖,试验期42d.结果表明:在21日龄时,与对照组相比,各试验组之间肉鸡血清...     

枯草芽孢杆菌对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及免疫功能的影响

本试验旨在研究枯草芽孢杆菌对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和免疫功能的影响.选取1日龄(AA)白羽肉鸡(公母混雏)144只,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复8只.对照组饲喂基础饲粮(无任何添加物),枯草芽孢杆菌组在基础饲粮中添加1.5×1010 cfu/kg枯草芽孢杆菌,抗生素组在基础饲粮中添加300 mg/kg 20％金...     

植物精油配合蜂胶提取物对白羽肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响

试验旨在研究植物精油配合蜂胶提取物的复合物对白羽肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响.选取960只1日龄的白羽肉鸡,随机分为4组,每组12个重复,每个重复20只.对照组(A组)肉鸡饲喂基础日粮,试验组(B组、C组、D组)分别在肉鸡基础日粮中添加植物精油与蜂胶提取物的复合物100、200、300 g/t.试验期42 d....     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。