甘蔗机械化种植的农艺技术分析

甘蔗糖业在保障我国食糖安全中的地位举足轻重,而机械化已成为提高我国甘蔗糖业国际竞争力急需突破的关键技术瓶颈.本文探讨了机械化种植在甘蔗生产全程机械化中的重要性,结合机械化种植对生态条件、耕层条件和高产苗期群体结构特点的技术要求,对甘蔗机械化种植的品种选择、种茎质量、下种量、植沟深度、覆土厚度、肥药使用、地膜覆盖等农艺技术进行了分析,为实现甘蔗全程机械化的高产稳产提供参考.     

广西甘蔗机械联合种植实施效果分析

提高甘蔗产量,推进甘蔗生产全程机械化势在必行。随着广西甘蔗生产全程机械化进程稳步有力地推进,机械联合种植已成为关键的急需突破的技术。本文依据近年来在全区10个示范区实施的项目数据,着重进行甘蔗机械联合种植与人工种植作业对比及效果分析,为甘蔗机械联合种植技术的全面推广应用提供数据参考和发展建议。     

广西：力争3年内突破甘蔗收割机械化瓶颈

据悉,广西将加大整合支持和试验示范力度,制定有关甘蔗机械化标准,力争用3年时间突破甘蔗收割机械化瓶颈,推进甘蔗种植全程机械化。一是加大整合支持力度,研究制定金融支持购置甘蔗全程机械化机具的办法;鼓励企业建立甘蔗机械化服务组织,争取国家提高甘蔗机具补贴额,并对企业组建的甘蔗机械化服务组织给予补贴。二是加大试验示范力度,增加甘蔗机械化示范区建设资金,支持甘蔗收割机研发改进升级：加强与国外大企业的合作,支持企业在广西开展试验示范。三是制定有关甘蔗机械化标准。     

我国甘蔗生产全程机械化现状与对策

甘蔗是我国制糖的主要原料,目前甘蔗生产机械化水平远远落后于其他主要农作物,因此甘蔗生产机械化发展得到国家高度重视。本文从甘蔗生产机械化水平和所需主要机具发展情况等方面综述了我国甘蔗生产全程机械化的发展现状,指出我国的甘蔗种植区域主要是丘陵山区,应以发展中型全程机械化为主、大型全程机械化为辅。分析了甘蔗全程机械化发展迟缓的原因,对如何协调利益共同体、推进农机农艺融合技术研发和试验示范、建立适用的土地流转制度、加强完善社会化服务体系建设等问题提出了建议。     

广西建立十个甘蔗生产机械化示范基地 扎实推进甘蔗机种机收

为贯彻今年中央1号文件精神,落实自治区有关领导关于加快推进甘蔗生产全程机械化的要求,广西农机化管理局在南宁、崇左等10个甘蔗主产市各建立了1个甘蔗生产全程机械化示范基地,重点引进甘蔗种植机、联合收割机等开展试验示范,推进甘蔗机种、机收取得阶段性成效。一是落实核心示范片。     

甘蔗生产全程机械化技术

随着甘蔗作物种植面积日益扩大,以传统人工、畜力种植、手工收获为主的生产方式已经不能满足农业发展的需要。该文介绍了甘蔗生产全程机械化所涉及的整地种植机械、田间管理机械和收获机械等,从4个方面提出了发展甘蔗生产全程机械化的保障措施。      

加强创建高效机收基地建设 促进甘蔗生产全程机械化

<正>创建高效机收基地建设,可以有效促进甘蔗更好地实现全程机械化生产目标。在甘蔗全程机械化生产过程中,需要明确相关关键技术,具体涉及甘蔗高效全程机械化管理、联合种植、土地整理、种植规划、高效机收等,需要认真总结与分析生产过程和工序,并明确影响全程机械化技术应用的因素,有效建设高效机收基地,从而更好地推广相关生产机械,使机械化作业质量和效率得到提高,促进我国甘蔗产业的可持续发展。     

示范带动稳步推进甘蔗生产全程机械化

<正>近年来,上思县把甘蔗生产全程机械化作为提高甘蔗生产能力和经济效益的重要举措,积极实施2012~2014年自治区下达的甘蔗生产全程机械化续建项目,在全县建设6个甘蔗生产全程机械化示范基地,实施面积200hm2,辐射带动666.66hm2。通过在示范区内实施大马力拖拉机甘蔗深耕深松、机械开行、机械种植、盖地膜、喷酒精废液、机械中耕培土、机械收获等各个环节机械化;着力突破甘蔗种植、收获机     

湛江农垦甘蔗全程机械化的实践与思考

介绍在我国最早建立甘蔗机械化试验示范基地的湛江农垦甘蔗全程机械化发展的实践,分析了湛江农垦开展甘蔗生产机械化以来所取得的成效,指出了存在的问题,特别是我国开展甘蔗全程机械化30年来发展不快的问题,提出了加快我国甘蔗全程机械化的对策和建议。     

湛江农垦甘蔗全程机械化的实践与思考

介绍在我国最早建立甘蔗机械化试验示范基地的湛江农垦甘蔗全程机械化发展的实践,分析了湛江农垦开展甘蔗生产机械化以来所取得的成效,指出了存在的问题,特别是我国开展甘蔗全程机械化30年来发展不快的问题,提出了加快我国甘蔗全程机械化的对策和建议。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。