基于UHF RFID技术的肉牛识别与信息追溯系统研究

针对肉牛养殖管理效率低、安全性能低等问题,设计一种基于超高频射频识别(UHF RFID)技术的肉牛养殖可追溯系统,整个系统工作在860~960MHz频段。采用专用牛鼻环标签和防拆标签,保证肉牛养殖各个环节的高效性和安全性,介绍阅读器硬件设计和系统软件架构,实现超高频射频识别技术在肉牛养殖管理中应用。     

基于RFID与WSN的现代化奶牛养殖系统研究

为了提高奶牛养殖的现代化水平,将RFID和WSN技术相融合,充分发挥两者各自的优势,构建适用于大规模奶牛养殖的现代化管理系统。利用RFID技术实现牲畜个体识别与追踪,WSN技术实现奶牛健康状况、养殖场环境的实时监测,为奶牛养殖的现代化管理、疾病防治和食品安全等提出了综合的解决办法。试验表明,该系统具有稳定、方便、布置灵活、成本低等特点,具有良好的应用前景。     

RFID技术在畜牧产业中的应用分析

实施精确养殖技术是未来畜牧业发展的必然趋势。对于精确养殖技术,如何保证对动物个体的精确识别成为实施精确养殖的关键。本文简述了畜牧产业中RFID技术的组成及工作原理,叙述了RFID技术在动物生产及奶牛养殖方面的应用,提出存在的问题及发展方向。     

试论吕梁山区奶牛养殖常规管理

近几年，奶牛养殖业发展势头强劲，各地由政府组织、群众自愿联合的形式先后建起了奶牛养殖小区和奶牛养殖专业村，从事饲养奶牛的养殖户迅速扩大，初养奶牛户占绝大多数。作者对当地的养奶牛小区和农户进行深入调查后得知，绝大多数奶牛养殖户经验不足，生产技术落后，管理方法粗放，鲜奶产销脱节，养殖效益低下。     

RFID在现代化奶牛场管理中的应用

针对大型奶牛场需要对数百头奶牛进行识别管理,而传统的人工识别方法存在费时费力和准确率不高的问题,提出将无线射频识别技术(RFID)应用于奶牛场的现代化管理当中,以提高工作效率的方法.采用ARM7系列芯片LPC2214作为系统的主控制芯片,以μCLinux作为操作系统内核,构建系统的软硬件平台,包括无线超高频(UHF)模块S1871和LCM12864显示模块及电源报警等部分.采用C语言编程,将识别到的标签信息通过串口传送给上位机,从数据库中调出相关信息,以便施加命令.其中,上位机中采用SQL Sever2000作为后台数据库,VC++为前台开发工具,开发客户机/服务器类型的应用程序.整个识别系统符合最新国际标准ISO 18000-6C和EPC C1 Gen2,可以实现奶牛的远距离无线自动识别,并且提高了识别的准确率及效率.     

基于RFID与Zigbee的牛场远程监测系统设计

针对传统畜牧业的局限性,对现阶段Zigbee技术和嵌入式技术进行了分析,将RFID技术与Zigbee技术完美结合,提出了一种牛场无线远程监控系统。该监控系统有牛只管理、生殖保健管理、产奶管理、决策支持管理、营养搭配管理及智能预警管理等功能模块,分别设计了牛只管理、牛奶品质检测、通用模块节点和牛场感知模块。牛场选程监测系统为奶牛养殖的现代化管理、疾病防治和食品安全等提供了有效的手段与方法,具有良好的应用前景。     

山东省奶业机械化鉴定、补贴情况调研

<正>山东省是奶业大省，2021年鲜奶产量2.88×106t，位列全国第四。近几年山东省奶牛养殖业由散养向规模化、现代化、集约化和标准化方向快速发展，小型奶牛养殖场的数量迅速减少，奶牛养殖平均规模稳步增长，截至2021年底，全省有奶牛养殖场（区）1477个，平均牛群规模达到429头，比2016年增长152.35%。2021年底奶牛养殖规模化率达到93%，比全国水平高22.2%，比2016年提高20%。随着规模化、集约化的发展，山东省奶牛养殖机械化水平显著提升，奶牛养殖模式也发生了深刻的变化，信息化技术逐渐被越来越多的牧场采用，     

肉牛养殖信息可追溯系统设计

深入研究了EAN/UCC和EPC编码体系,对比了一维条码、二维条码和RFID编码的特点及适用环境,针对畜产品质量安全生产链起点的养殖环节,以肉牛为研究对象,采用RFID电子耳标作为个体标识载体,基于PDA进行肉牛个体识别、数据信息采集与管理,开发了基于B/S结构的肉牛养殖信息可追溯系统,在源头上为保证肉牛产品质量安全提供了依据。     

RFID技术及其在现代养殖中的应用

本文讨论了精细养殖技术体系中的关键技术即无线射频识别技术（RFID）。分析了精细养殖技术系统的组成、基本原理及RFID技术在精细养殖中的作用,介绍了动物电子标签,在此基础上对目前以RFID技术为基础的现代养殖应用现状进行了分析。     

成年奶牛温室气体排放分析

为厘清我国奶牛养殖行业温室气体排放现状,指导奶牛养殖温室气体减排路径规划,分析了一头成年奶牛全产业链的温室气体排放情况。结果显示：以敞口厌氧塘粪污处理为基线,沼气工程可实现粪污管理过程温室气体减排90%以上,结合沼液密闭贮存,减排可达98%,其中甲烷减排贡献占98.3%;奶牛粪便处理后利用过程,通过能源替代、化肥替代和土壤固碳可创造减排固碳效益,年最大减排固碳能力达3.611 tCO₂e·头^-1;从奶牛养殖全链条考虑,不同奶牛粪便管理利用情境下,沼气工程处理粪污且结合三沼利用模式下,温室气体减排效益最显著,奶牛年净排放量仅为3.742 tCO₂e·头^-1a^-1),与敞口厌氧塘粪污处理利用模式相比减排65%,与堆肥结合粪肥还田模式相比减排30%。优先选用沼气工程作为奶牛粪便管理方案,同时加强沼气和沼液沼渣的回收利用,是实现奶牛养殖业温室气体尤其是甲烷减排的有效途径。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。