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青贮玉米饲料机械化生产技术是以青贮玉米饲料生产和利用为目标。包括筛选适宜玉米品种、玉米栽培和管理。青贮玉米机械化收获等综合配套的生产技术体系和先进的青贮方法。具体作法是:选择适宜的青贮玉米品种,整地、播种、田间管理,然后在玉米乳熟(灌浆)末期或腊熟(定浆)初期(也就是在籽粒尚未饱满、茎叶青绿、平均含水量为50%-70%,而粮食玉米收获时含水量为20%-30%)用机械化收割,并经切碎、人窖、压实、封埋等工艺制成青贮饲料。该项技术的关键是适时收割、切碎、及时密封贮藏,要求连续作业,适宜的收割期8-12天,最多不能超过两周。在收割期收割,玉米秸秆从田间割倒、切碎、运回、入窖,时间不应超过36小时.最多也不能超过3天,越短越好,尽量不减少养分、水分缺失,否则影响品质。 相似文献
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酶制剂作为一种饲料添加剂,不仅可以提高常规饲料的转化率、增加畜禽对饲料的消化吸收利用率,促进机体生长、提高其产量和质量,而且还能够提高糠麸、糟渣、薯类等非粮食原料的可利用率。近年来,随着生物技术的发展,饲用酶制剂的应用研究取得了较大的发展,应用前景十分良好。为此,分析了酶制剂的作用机理;论述了酶制剂在饲料工业中的应用及饲喂效果;指出了酶制剂的使用注意事项、存在问题及发展对策。 相似文献
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秸秆饲料加工利用技术的现状与前景 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
我国年产农作物秸秆近6亿~7亿t,大部分秸秆资源都未有效利用,造成巨大浪费和环境污染。目前,推广应用的一些技术(如秸秆还田、青储氨化、装袋保鲜等)虽取得成效,但都有不同程度的弊端。这些技术最大的缺点是不能使秸秆产品商品化,未能形成有效和大规模地推广应用,而只有商品化才是推动发展秸秆利用的有效途径。通过对秸秆处理技术的分析和发展前景的展望,指出了块状秸秆饲料的发展将会带来巨大的社会效益和经济效益。 相似文献
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长治郊区光照充足,昼夜温差大,适宜苹果生产。多年来,由于管理不当,果品的产量和质量严重下降,挫伤了果农的生产积极性。为了提高果品的品质和产量,让产品达到标准化、无害化,总结并介绍了绿色高档苹果生产技术。 相似文献
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节约型农机化生产体系的研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
农业机械化是农业现代化和农村经济发展的重要标志,是实现农业产业化、加快农业科技进步的重要措施.为此,通过对国内外农机化生产体系的阐述,分析了我国农业机械化发展现状和存在的主要问题.机械化农业生产是一种高投入、高产出的资源型、集约型生产,它能极大地提高劳动生产率和土地产出率,为改善农民的生活做出了重大贡献. 相似文献
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滚刀是青饲收获机功率消耗最大的部件,若刀具设计不佳,会增加整机功率消耗。以自主研制的青饲收获机滚刀为研究对象,根据设计要求及秸秆的物理特性,确定刀具的类型、数量及排列方式。借助于Creo Parametric 5.0软件建立滚刀的三维模型,并利用Simulate有限元分析法对弯刀进行静态分析和优化,结果表明,当弯刀厚度减小2 mm时,弯刀最大变形量为0.059 86 mm,较优化前增大0.031 68 mm;最大应力为25.614 4 MPa,较优化前增加9.433 6 MPa。变形量、应力有所增加,但依然能够满足滚刀使用要求。以滚刀功率消耗为试验指标进行验证试验,结果表明,当弯刀厚度减小2 mm时,功率消耗有所减小,但弯刀整体质量却减少了25%,提高机具经济性,也证明仿真优化结果可靠。研究结果为后续滚刀的可靠性试验提供一定的参考。 相似文献
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随着畜牧产业的快速发展,青饲料种植面积逐年增加,而青饲料收获季节较短,过早、过晚收获都会造成饲料营养流失,需要用户在有限时间内高效率完成收获,驾驶员通过增加作业幅宽或者提高收获机的作业速度来提高效率,引起发动机过载工作,造成收获机停机。针对上述问题,设计了一种饲料收获机的发动机过载自适应调整系统。该系统通过操纵手柄的反馈信号判定收获机的前进方向,实时采集发动机转速和发动机负载百分比数据,一键启动自适应模式,当发动机过载作业时,控制器通过减少行走泵电磁阀的电流来降低收获机的前进速度,收获机喂入量相应跟着减少,就降低了发动机负载。该自适应系统可以有效降低机手的劳动强度,提高饲料收获机的作业效率。 相似文献
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针对现有牧草收割机收割饲用苎麻作物时,割台输料不畅,搅龙易被麻类纤维缠绕的问题,设计一种专用收割机割台。该割台由往复式切割装置、拨禾轮、茎秆捡拾输送器及螺旋搅龙组成。根据饲用苎麻的田间生长特性及物料特点,开展收割机割台设计。通过理论计算与试验分析,确定割台各关键装置结构参数:拨禾轮的圆周半径为840 mm、切割器离拨禾轮轴高度为1 470 mm、拨禾轮转速27.9 r/min、升降行程为700 mm、往复式割刀曲柄转速为540 r/min、茎秆捡拾输送器拨齿轮滚筒半径为150 mm、转速为152.80 r/min,喂入搅龙直径为320 mm、转速为170 r/min。田间试验表明:该机收获损失率为3%,标准草长率为91%,作业小时生产率为0.25~0.35 hm2/h,割茬高度为150 mm。收割时,割台未出现堵料及纤维缠绕现象;收割后,苎麻割茬整齐,未发现作物茎秆基部存在明显撕裂现象。试验结果表明往复式切割器切割效果良好,整机工作性能稳定,该收割机割台能够满足对饲用苎麻作物的收割要求。 相似文献
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数据正在成为基础性战略资源。构建以天空地大数据为关键要素的数字农业管理系统,对于建设数字中国、推进农业高质量发展、抢占全球农业制高点具有重要意义。本研究围绕农业农村部提出的天空地数字农业管理系统建设任务,从农业信息技术学科出发,首先给出了天空地数字农业的科学内涵,阐述了其与传统数字农业的异同点,理清了天空地数字农业管理系统在资源调查、生产调度、灾害监测、市场预警、决策服务的五大核心功能;其次,重点阐述了天空地数字农业管理系统的关键任务,即一个观测体系(天空地一体化的数字农业观测体系)、四个数字化(农业资源权属、生产过程、灾害监测和市场预警)、一个管理平台(农业生产、加工、经营、管理、服务等全产业链的天空地数字农业管理平台);然后,明确提出了天空地数字农业管理系统在标准规范研制、关键技术与装备研发、系统集成与平台开发三方面的科技创新重点任务;最后,针对天空地数字农业管理系统建设的复杂性和系统性,从规划设计、科技创新、资源共享、多方参与、应用领域拓展等方面提出了发展建议。 相似文献
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Subsurface drip irrigation and reclaimed water quality effects on phosphorus and salinity distribution and forage production 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
M.P. Palacios-Díaz V. Mendoza-Grimn J.R. Fernndez-Vera F. Rodríguez-Rodríguez M.T. Tejedor-Junco J.M. Hernndez-Moreno 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(11):1659-1666
In the Canary Islands, water scarcity is one of the constraints for agricultural activity. Non-conventional water resources generally represent more water volume than conventional ones. The distribution of these resources frequently permits the possibility of a conjunctive use of desalinated (DW) water and reclaimed municipal wastewater (RW). Field testing with both water qualities and different irrigation systems is necessary for optimal site-specific management. The objective of this work was to evaluate soil salinity and phosphorus distribution, and alfalfa yield in a 20 month field experiment carried out in the island of Gran Canaria, using municipal RW and freshwater (FW) under subsurface drip irrigation (SDI). Phosphorus speciation was performed both in irrigation waters and in soils (Olsen's inorganic, organic, and microbial). RW had large EC values (2.4 dS m−1) with a remarkable nutrient load contribution and an average total P around 3 mg L−1, predominantly hydrolysable forms, while FW had very low salinity and negligible amounts of P. For the RW treatment a salt gradient was established, causing plant mortality between the irrigation lines. The study of P speciation allows describing P distribution and plant uptake in terms of P forms. Large values of microbial P were produced for the two irrigation waters around the emitters, especially for FW.A faster P-cycling could have contributed to the significantly larger inorganic P contents observed in FW irrigated soils, in spite no external sources were added by the irrigation water. 相似文献
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Summary The line-source sprinkler system provides a water application pattern which is uniform along the length of the plot and continuously variable across the plot. A double line-source system is described which makes it possible to determine simultaneously the response functions for two factors — salinity and water — and their interaction, on a relatively small area. It is based on two parallel sprinkler lines with overlapping wetting, supplied with water of different quality. The lines are fitted with groups of sprinklers with a range of nozzle sizes to produce different rates of water application. This modified line-source technique has the following advantages: (i) it produces a wide range of water application amounts in combination with a large gradient in water salinity; (ii) different rates of water application are obtained between the two lines within each salinity level; and (iii) on the side of the lines where no overlapping occurs, the use of different rates results in the application of the same amount of water at different distances from the line-source. This is in contrast to the common line-source arrangement, in which the amount of water falling at a given distance from the line is always the same. A study using the double line-source system was carried out to determine the interactive effects of water and salinity on forage corn.Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel, No. 2831-E, 1989 series 相似文献
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现代化大农业的发展离不开农业机械化事业的支持,农业机械化事业的发展更离不开农机维修体系的保障。根据我省大中型农机具主要分布在农机合作社的特点,省内大型先进农业机械制造企业技术力量雄厚,农机社会化服务相对滞后,维修保养大型农机具能力不足的实际,着力提高农机社会化服务能力,健全农机社会化服务网络,为现代化大农业、大农机事业的蓬勃发展打下坚实基础。 相似文献
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A forage model and a cattle production model were interfaced and adapted for tropical production conditions in East Africa. The objectives of the modelling were to structure and conceptualise a complex system for better comprehension, thereby determining constraints on a traditional African grazing system. The model was designed to simulate the physical linkages between the scarce resource of forage and the outputs of cattle, meat and milk. The effects of improved management practices were examined for a traditional village livestock grazing system. Verification and validation for the baseline village herd were carried out using several different sources of data. A combination of a restricted breeding season, supplemental feeding during the dry season and a seasonal sales policy resulted in a 40% increase in net revenue to village producers above the baseline for a ten-year period. 相似文献