鸭健康养殖的生物安全措施

生物安全是近年来国外提出的有关集约化生产过程中保护和提高畜禽群体健康状况的新理论,是指将会引起禽病或人畜共患传染病的病原微生物排除(拒绝)在场区外的安全管理措施,是一种以切断传播途径为主要内容的预防疾病发生的生产体系,是保护家禽健康生长,免受致病因子侵袭的综合防御系统。广义的生物安全是指家禽生命的安全,包括家禽的舒适、安宁、福利、健康。生物安全针对所有病原体,核心是预防病原对禽群体造成危害,是疾病综合防治措施的重要环节。在鸭场应用,可以减少病毒、细菌、真菌、原虫、寄生虫、昆虫、啮齿类动物、野生鸟类等致病因子和带有鸭病病原的人群进入养鸭场,有效避免鸭疫病在场与场、户与户之间的传播,最大限度地减少养鸭场(户)的经济损失,从而实现最大的经济效益。所以建立生物安全措施对鸭的健康养殖是非常重要的,这一观念正日益被广大的畜牧生产者接受和重视。     

鸭短喙-侏儒综合征的综合防控

鸭短喙-侏儒综合征是由鸭源细小病毒引起的,在国内部分鸭场流行,在实际养殖过程中,要从种源、免疫、环境、饲料、饮水等各个环节入手,做好生物安全防控,加强饲养管理,提高鸭群抵抗力,减少该病的发生,促进养鸭业的健康发展。     

雏鸭的饲养与管理

<正>雁形目鸭科鸭亚科水禽的统称为鸭,经过人类长期驯化和选育,可分为蛋用型、肉用型和兼用型三种。养鸭业是我省畜牧业重要组成部分,是广大农民致富的重要途径,要保障养鸭效益,必须进行科学饲养管理,而雏鸭阶段尤其重要。1鸭场与鸭舍鸭舍是养鸭的必备硬件条件。随着养殖业规模化、集约化的发展,国家对养殖场所也提出了严格规定,养鸭场的设立必须满足相关要求。鸭场内部规划与鸭舍结构,要既能减少投资,又能     

养鸭场环境与综合控制

环境对鸭的影响非常大,每一个生理阶段、生理过程和每一项生产指标都受环境因素影响。由于人们对鸭生产环境的重要性认识尚有不足,使鸭场环境日趋恶化,污染较严重,已成为制约鸭群生产性能和经济效益的重要因素,很多鸭病的发生与流行都与养鸭场环境恶化有关。运用先进的科学理论和技术,为鸭提供比较适宜的小环境,使养鸭的生产水平达到更高已成当务之急。1养鸭场存在的环境问题1.1养鸭场或养鸭户过度集中鸭舍密度大、间距太近,导致鸭舍间互相污染,若一场或一户的鸭群有病,很快殃及其他鸭场或鸭户的鸭群,发病机会增多。1.2鸭舍环境不洁管理不善…     

养鸭场中常见病的种类及综合防控措施

目前随着鸭产品逐渐成为人们青睐的食品,使我国养鸭业在畜禽养殖中比重日益增大。但在众多养鸭场的饲养管理过程中,鸭的疾病不断发生,种类也多种多样,大大影响了养鸭场的经济效益。本文概况了几种鸭的常见疾病及相应的防治措施,以期对养鸭场饲养管理过程中疾病的避免发生提供参考。     

试论鸭场的疫病综合防制措施

微山县利用微山湖独特的养鸭优势，已形成了良种繁育、种苗供应、养殖、加工、销售于一体的产业化格局。在养鸭生产中，规模鸭场占2／3以上。但许多养鸭场，在养鸭的饲养管理中忽视了鸭场的环境卫生，更有的不注重疫病防治，特别是饲养一、二年没有出现疫情的鸭场，更认为搞好鸭场的兽医卫生与防疫无关紧要，殊不知这个侥幸的成功背后，却隐藏着极大的威胁，一旦出现问题，将会使几年的鸭场盈利付诸东流，甚至有更大的损失。因此，对鸭场的兽医卫生和疫病防治工作必须引起高度重视，采取综合防制措施。     

两种常见鸭细菌性疾病的流行特点与防治

目前随着鸭产品逐渐成为人们青睐的食品,使我国养鸭业在畜禽养殖中比重日益增大。但在众多养鸭场的饲养管理过程中,鸭的疾病不断发生,种类也多种多样,大大影响了养鸭场的经济效益。本文概况了两种鸭的常见细菌性疾病及相应的防治措施,以期为养鸭场饲养管理过程中预防此类疾病的发生提供参考。     

提高雏鸭存活率的综合措施

雏鸭存活率是养鸭业成败的关键。我们养鸭场一年接鸭雏66122只，因严格执行科学化、规范化、制度化、程序化，创雏鸭存活率近97％的空前纪录，使鸭场一举扭亏为盈。我们经过多年的科学饲养管理实践，总结出提高雏鸭存活率的综合措施，主要是把好五关。     

规模化种鸭场疫病防控管理要求

<正>近年来,随着各地养鸭行业的快速发展,鸭病尤其是新流行疾病日趋严重,给我国种鸭养殖的健康发展带来了严重威胁。面对当前日益严峻的形势,我们要务必坚决贯彻"预防为主,防重于治"的方针,全面加强执行生物安全控制体系才能够有效防控疾病,确保种鸭群健康及种鸭场正常运转。结合本人十余年在大型种鸭场从事技术     

鸭场的经营管理

1经营管理的决策 1．1经营方向包括养鸭场是专业化饲养还是综合性饲养。专业化饲养是指养某一鸭种的一个类型，如养肉用仔鸭或商品蛋鸭；综合性饲养是指养某一鸭种的几个类型．如肉用种鸭场兼养肉用仔鸭．或养鸭与养鱼相结合等。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.