初产妇育儿自我效能和压力的调查分析

目的 了解初产妇的育儿自我效能及压力情况,并分析其相关性.方法 采用育儿胜任感量表效能分量表、压力知觉量表中文版对220例初产妇进行横断面调查,分析初产妇育儿自我效能与压力的相关性.结果 初产妇育儿自我效能总得分为(34.15±0.23)分,其中得分最高的条目为“我能胜任母亲的工作,而且任何困难均可迎刃而解”(4.43±0.76)分,得分最低的条目为“作为母亲的我感到很困惑的是不知道自己做得是否称职”(3.34±0.52)分.初产妇压力总得分为(26.23±5.46)分,其中得分最高的条目为“感觉到问题在不断地累积而不能得到解决”(3.76±0.63)分,得分最低的条目为“感觉到能够控制自己生活中的事情”(3.14±0.22)分.初产妇的育儿自我效能与压力呈负相关(r=-0.420,P＜0.01).结论 初产妇的育儿自我效能与压力相关;医护人员在提高初产妇育儿自我效能时应注意评估和干预其压力,以促进初产妇母亲角色的顺利转换.     

Interaction between perceived self-motion and object-motion impairs vehicle guidance

When one is riding in a vehicle, perceptual thresholds for motion of objects are significantly elevated above those determined under corresponding but simulated conditions in the laboratory without concurrent self-motion perception. Authorities on road traffic accidents should thus consider an additional perceptual time of at least 300 milliseconds for detecting critical changes in headway beyond the usual reaction time. Detection times thus corrected consequently lead to an alteration of our conception of safe intervehicle distances in a convoy. This elevation of thresholds for object-motion during self-motion, with its consequences for visual control of vehicle guidance, can be seen as a disadvantageous side effect of an otherwise beneficial space-constancy mechanism, which provides us with a stable world during locomotion.     

试论市场建设在乡村城镇化过程中的功能和作用

乡村城镇化过程必须同时加强市场建设,二者相互影响,相互促进。没有商品生产和商品交换,就没有小城镇甚至大中城市的发展。小城镇商业发展及市场建设在乡村城镇化过程中有着极其重要的意义。     

Retinoscopy and eye size

Retinoscopy was performed on animals with different sized eyes, all of whom appeared hypermetropic. The data were well fitted by an equation of the form y = kx(-2) where y is refractive error in diopters, and x is the corneo-retinal length of the eye. Apparent hypermetropia may be due to the reflection from the inner surface of the retins.     

圈养尖吻蝮雌体大小、窝卵数和卵大小之间的关系

尖吻蝮(Deinagkistrodon acutus)野生资源日益枯竭,食用和药用压力巨大,亟需开展人工养殖.目前尖吻蝮的人工养殖技术还不够成熟,大多数养殖场采用半地下室饲养尖吻蝮,有关该条件下尖吻蝮的繁殖特性报道较少.为促进尖吻蝮的人工养殖,2010年4-9月,在湖南永州市对半地下室圈养的尖吻蝮成体的体型指标、窝卵数、窝卵重、卵重等繁殖特征之间的关系进行了研究.结果表明:圈养尖吻蝮成年雌体产单窝柔性卵,平均窝卵数为23.0±7.8(13-37)枚(n=23);将产后雌体体重和窝卵重相加记为产前雌体体重,采用SPSS 13.0软件处理数据,设置α=0.05和α=0.01,发现产前雌体体重分别与窝卵数、窝卵重、卵重均呈显著相关性;产前雌体体长分别与窝卵数、窝卵重、卵重无显著相关性;窝卵数与卵重无显著相关性,卵重分别与卵短径、卵长径均呈显著相关性.产前体重在1000-1200g之间的雌蛇所产窝卵数和单枚卵重的数值均较大且最集中,这保证了雌体繁殖输出后代的生存优势,对尖吻蝮人工养殖挑选雌性种蛇有一定的指导意义.     

中国近海渔船队合理规模的探讨

对中国近海捕捞产量进行了统计与分析，由此得出中国近海渔船队的合理规模：主机功率约为150－360万kW，渔船的数量约为3－13万艘。并就削减后的渔船与渔民出路进行了探讨。     

芦荟的历史及功能

简述了芦荟的应用历史及其在医药、化妆品、保健、饮食及环保方面的应用价值。     

滑鼠蛇出生至50日龄身体大小和免疫功能的变化

为探究滑鼠蛇（Ptyas mucosus）生后发育不同阶段身体大小和免疫功能的变化,在室温为（30±1）℃、相对湿度为70%~75%条件下,监测了3、10、20、30、40和50日龄滑鼠蛇身体大小及各型白细胞的百分比、嗜中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞的比值（N/L）和血清杀菌能力的变化。体重、体全长、重长比和尺度化的质量指数3至20日龄增长缓慢,之后陡增,50日龄最高（P<0.05）;淋巴细胞和嗜中性粒细胞的百分比居前两位,但两者的百分比、N/L的比值和血清杀菌能力均无组间差异（P>0.05）;嗜碱性粒细胞的百分比10日龄组与3日龄组接近,但高于其他日龄组（P<0.05）;50日龄内,滑鼠蛇的身体大小开口前增长缓慢,开口后增加迅速,蜕皮后嗜碱性粒细胞的百分比显著提升,建议可根据体重和嗜碱性粒细胞百分比的变化来预判蛇场内幼蛇的健康状态。     

Family size and sex-role stereotypes

Social attitudes about sex roles have been implicated as important factors in population growth. Degree of incorporation of stereotypic sex roles into the self-concepts of mothers is found to be related to completed family size.     

自由基的生物学效应及自由基清除系统的功能特性

综述了生物自由基的研究简史、分子基础、生物学效应及自由基清除系统的功能特性.     

慢性病信息化管理系统的设计与主要功能

为解决对慢性病病人的动态管理,提高社区卫生服务中心慢性病服务的质量,实现与其他信息管理系统的互联互通和资源共享,徐州市疾控中心开发了基于NET平台3层B／S结构的慢性病信息化管理系统,实现了对慢性病病人的动态管理,并可以与按国家卫生信息标准开发的其他信息管理系统实现互联互通。     

Site-specific production functions for variable rate corn nitrogen fertilization

Specific recommendations for variable rate nitrogen (VRN) fertilization in corn (Zea mays L.) are required to realize the potential environmental and economic benefits of this technology. However, recommendations based on algorithms that consider the processes controlling crop response to nitrogen fertilizer (NF) within fields have not yet been developed. The objectives of this study were to develop site-specific corn yield production functions for VRN fertilization and to determine the site-specific variables controlling corn response to NF. The experiments were conducted on eight commercial production fields. Fields were divided into 13–20 sections composed of five plots. Each plot received one NF rate. Site-specific variables included primary and secondary terrain attributes, and the Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test (ISNT). Nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased corn yield and it interacted with at least one site-specific variable. The ISNT was the site-specific variable that interacted with NF in most fields where the CV of ISNT was larger than 10%. The parameter estimates indicate that ISNT had a positive effect on corn yield and that it reduced the response to NF. Terrain attributes also affected corn yield and its response to NF. In general, parameter estimates indicated that well drained areas (i.e. small specific catchment area, moderate slopes) had higher yields and responded less to NF than areas where water is expected to accumulate. These results indicate that terrain attributes as surrogates for soil water content and the ISNT as a measure of soil mineralizable nitrogen are site-specific characteristics that affect corn yield and its response to NF.