2018年河南省未免疫羊群布鲁氏菌病流行情况调查

为了解河南省未免疫羊群布鲁氏菌感染情况,2018年以河南省未免疫布鲁氏菌病疫苗的羊群为研究对象,开展羊群布鲁氏菌病血清学普查,共对1 830个场群的59 462份血清样品进行布鲁氏菌抗体检测,并对结果进行空间、群间分布分析。结果显示：河南省羊群布鲁氏菌感染抗体平均场群阳性率为3.93%,个体阳性率为1.24%;豫西地区场群流行率和个体流行率均最高,分别为12.31%和6.43%,豫东地区最低,分别为0.55%和0.04%;散养户的场群阳性率和个体阳性率均最高,分别为7.53%和2.17%,而羊屠宰场和交易市场中未检出阳性。结果表明：豫西地区以及散养户羊群布鲁氏菌病流行情况较为严重,应采取全面免疫的防控措施,降低该地的布鲁氏菌病流行率;豫东、豫南地区和种羊场等流行率较低的地区和场点,可采取检测、扑杀等措施,逐步实现净化目标;羊屠宰场和交易市场虽然无阳性检出,但应继续加强监测,防止病菌交叉传播。通过本次河南省未免疫羊群普查,基本掌握了全省未免疫羊群的布鲁氏菌病流行状况,从而为全省羊群布鲁氏菌病防控提供了重要的参考数据。     

影响牛羊布病检测净化的因素

<正>布鲁氏菌病(简称布病)是人畜共患传染病,牛、羊、猪等动物最易感染发病,严重危害养殖业的健康发展,威胁公共卫生安全。多年来都有检出,仅2014年,全县共检测出阳性患病羊139只;进行了扑杀处理。在公共卫生安全方面,当年确诊断有4人感染布病,经检测调查,均与患病羊群有接触史。因此,为确保牛羊产业健康发展,保护人体健康免受布病的威胁,开展牛羊布病检测净化工作,提高牛、羊检测净化工     

湖南省湘西州某养羊户主布鲁氏菌血清学阳性引发的畜间流行病学调查

2020年4月,湖南省吉首市一羊养殖户主确诊为布鲁氏菌血清学阳性。为查找感染来源,采用现场问询、实地察看、实验室检测等方式,对该养羊户及流行病学关联养殖场户进行了畜间布鲁氏菌病流行病学调查。调查发现:患病养殖户与其中一个流行病学关联养殖场户有从外省市引种情况,而其他3个关联场户均从这2个场户调入过羊群;对5个羊养殖场户全部的226只羊进行布鲁氏菌血清学检测,结果 4个场户检出阳性,个体阳性率为11.5%(26/226)。经羊群调入路径推测,羊养殖场户从外省市引种传入病原的可能性较大,其他养殖场户通过公共区域放牧和调入羊群导致疫情扩散。疫情提示,养殖场户应做好规范引种、隔离饲养及个人防护工作,相关部门应加强监测,做好产地检疫和流通环节监管。     

山羊群布氏杆菌感染的控制与净化

为控制规模较小、感染率较低的山羊群布氏杆菌感染并最终净化布氏杆菌病，利用虎红平板凝集试验和试管凝集试验反复监测，及时隔离虎红平板凝集试验阳性试管凝集试验阴性羊只、扑杀并无害化处理试管凝集试验可疑或阳性羊只、停止自然交配配种。结果表明，经一定时期监测淘汰，布氏杆菌得到控制并最终得以净化。     

山羊群布氏杆菌感染的控制与净化

为控制规模较小、感染率较低的山羊群布氏杆菌感染并最终净化布氏杆菌病，利用虎红平板凝集试验和试管凝集试验反复监测，及时隔离虎红平板凝集试验阳性试管凝集试验阴性羊只、扑杀并无害化处理试管凝集试验可疑或阳性羊只、停止自然交配配种。结果表明，经一定时期监测淘汰，布氏杆菌得到控制并最终得以净化。     

瓜州县羊布病免疫试验推广与成效分析

瓜州县自2009年人间暴发布病以来,每年都有一定人和畜感染。2013年被省兽医局划定为布病防控一类区,连年采取“消毒、调运监管、检测、扑杀净化”的措施进行防控,但收效缓慢。2016年,按照《甘肃省羊布病区域免疫试点工作指导意见》开展了布病免疫试点工作,免疫接种取得了成功。之后羊布病免疫则纳入了动物防疫强制免疫病种,通过三年来免疫试验推广,取得了显著成效,人间布病发生率有所降低,畜间布病疫情得到了有效控制。     

一起山羊布鲁氏菌病疫情的处置及防控措施

文章介绍了对贵州省沿河土家族自治县客田镇浦井村发生的1起山羊布鲁氏菌病疫情的处置情况,按照“早、快、严、小”的处置原则,通过封锁疫点、扑杀阳性羊、无害化处理污染物、全场消毒等综合防控措施,及时扑灭了疫情。对全县开展羊布鲁氏菌病监测,共监测羊场109个,监测血清样品7 378份,检出布鲁氏菌病阳性场13个,群体阳性率11.93%;检出布鲁氏菌病抗体阳性血清160份,个体阳性率2.17%。对阳性场每月进行全群复检,及时淘汰阳性羊,直至无阳性羊检出为止,控制了疫情扩散蔓延。     

广西某种山羊养殖场布鲁氏菌病和口蹄疫的血清学调查

为了解广西某规模化种山羊养殖场羊群的健康状况,采用虎红平板凝集试验及正向间接红细胞凝集试验对随机抽取的羊血清进行布鲁氏菌感染情况和口蹄疫免疫效果调查。结果表明:45份羊血清中,41份为布鲁氏菌阴性,4份为阳性,阳性率为8.89%;56份羊血清中,O型口蹄疫血清抗体检测合格40份,合格率为71.43%。说明调查的羊群有布鲁氏菌病感染,需及时淘汰阳性病羊,逐步净化羊场;O型口蹄疫的免疫合格率达到农业部规定的标准(≥70%),但生产要求免疫合格率达到80%以上才能更好地保护羊群,建议该养殖场加强口蹄疫的免疫工作,提高羊群的免疫力。     

2019—2022年广西贺州市部分规模场家畜布鲁氏菌病血清学监测

为了解广西贺州市家畜布鲁氏菌病（简称“布病”）流行情况,2019—2022年对部分猪、牛、羊规模场开展布病血清学监测,并对阳性场开展流行病学调查。结果显示：猪场群布病阳性率为0,牛为1.00%(2/200),羊为3.86%(17/440);猪个体阳性率为0,牛为0.03%(8/24 030),羊为0.88%(156/17 732)。2019—2021年未见牛布病阳性,2022年检出牛布病阳性,呈低流行率;羊布病阳性在2021年出现一次小高峰,2022年有所降低。羊只买卖、交换种公羊和混饲是导致布病阳性的主要因素。未整群扑杀阳性场的一次复阳率为33.33%,二次复阳率达50.00%。结果表明：贺州市家畜布病以牛羊感染为主,猪群布病流行风险较低,未整群扑杀场群存在复阳风险。建议积极推进牛羊布病净化场建设,坚持监测和阳性场整群扑杀的防控策略,强化流通检疫监管和生物安全管理,防控布病发生及蔓延。     

波尔山羊曲霉毒素中毒诊治报告

1发病情况 泰州市某波尔山羊场2001年建场以来，一直坚持自繁自养模式。平时均按常规免疫程序进行免疫接种。于2008年8月2013进行口蹄疫疫苗接种后，有个别羊出现应激反应，经兽医及时处理，羊群基本稳定。自9月中旬开始饲喂花生藤、黄豆秸，及少量酒糟，羊群中零星出现厌食，精神沉郁，个别羊出现间歇性瘤胃臌气，     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.