基于EfficientDet的围产期母猪姿态识别

围产期母猪母性行为直接影响仔猪的成活率,母猪姿态是其母性行为和筑巢行为的重要表现。针对目前对围产期母猪姿态转换主要依靠人工巡检,费时耗力且主观性强等问题,采集了24头母猪的视频数据并对数据进行预处理,利用EfficientDet网络对产床内母猪图像进行深层次特征提取,实现了母猪站、坐、胸卧、侧卧姿态及其侧卧方向(乳房面向仔猪保温箱、乳房背对仔猪保温箱)的准确识别。结果表明：该模型识别平均精度均值(mAP)达93.97%,对图像的检测速度达26.2 f/s,对视频的检测速度达10.66 f/s。通过对母猪产前及产后24 h的姿态进行分析,母猪产前表现出显著的筑巢行为,姿态转换频率显著提高(P<0.001);母猪产后侧卧时间显著增加,母猪侧卧时长与仔猪窝均质量呈正相关关系;根据母猪侧卧方向的偏好性进行分组比较,母猪偏向于将乳房面向保温箱侧卧的小组,仔猪断奶成活率更高。     

基于时空信息融合的母猪哺乳行为识别

及时获取准确的母猪哺乳行为信息对提高猪只集中养殖效益至关重要。本文旨在建立深度学习网络,融合时空信息,实现自动识别母猪哺乳行为。识别过程主要分2个阶段：母猪哺乳区域时空定位和哺乳区域时空信息特征提取、融合及识别。首先将俯拍视频图像序列输入Mask R-CNN,ResNet-101+FPN作为基础网络输出特征图输入区域生成网络,生成母猪检测候选框并分别输入母猪姿态识别分支和关键点检测分支,若母猪姿态被识别为侧卧则利用关键点检测分支输出关键点坐标,确定母猪哺乳区域,实现哺乳行为感兴趣时空区域定位。然后,在感兴趣时空区域中,利用双流卷积网络,进行时间流和空间流特征提取。最后利用串接卷积融合方式,识别序列图像中母猪是否进行哺乳。试验结果显示,用于哺乳区域空间定位的关键点的综合召回率Rk和精准率Pk分别为94.37%和94.53%,母猪哺乳行为识别正确率为97.85%,灵敏度为94.92%,特异度为98.51%。     

哺乳母猪高危动作识别方法研究

哺乳母猪从站立、坐立转为趴卧的高危动作是导致断奶前仔猪死亡的主要原因,动作发生频率及变换方式决定了母猪的母性指数。以江苏省农林职业技术学院小梅山原种猪场饲养的小梅山母猪为研究对象,利用MPU6050传感器采集母猪哺乳期内10 d的三轴加速度数据,采用直方图统计法设置运动能量阈值,快速定位高危动作区间,以高危动作发生前后的身体姿态为特征,构建动作分类器,识别高危动作的类型。实验结果表明,对高危动作区间的标注准确率为77.4%,基于姿态的动作类型识别方法纠正了因仔猪碰撞节点产生的误标,识别准确率达到81.7%。利用2种俯卧姿态计算母猪的俯卧指数可为实现母性能力科学评价及育种提供数据依据。     

基于偏度聚类的哺乳期母猪声音特征提取与分类识别

哺乳期是母猪繁育仔猪的关键时期,哺乳母猪特有的发声是其生理、情绪健康及其对仔猪看护的母性能力的最直接表达。哺乳期间母猪所发声音种类众多,增加了快速定位及准确识别特定声音类型的复杂度,以小梅山母猪的哺乳声、饮水声、采食声及无食咀嚼声等常见声音为研究对象,以功率比作为特征向量,对频域进行更精细的能量计算,提出基于偏度的子带聚类法合并特征不显著的子带,减少特征向量数量,构建支持向量机(SVM)的声音分类识别器,统计各类声音的发声时长;进一步以单个哺乳周期为对象,建立成功哺乳的声音模式。试验结果表明,哺乳声、无食咀嚼声、采食声和饮水声的最大功率比分别位于[0 Hz,1 000 Hz]、[1 000 Hz,1 500 Hz]、[1 500 Hz,2 500 Hz]和[2 500 Hz,8 000 Hz]子带内,以4个子带的功率比为特征的声音判别模型的识别率分别为100%、100%、95.17%、96.61%,与等间隔子带划分及主成分分析法比较,减少了特征向量的数量,且显著提高了识别算法的精度,进一步应用在母猪分娩舍内,实现了对哺乳母猪的母性能力及其健康状况的无应激、实时监测。     

基于视觉词典法的母牛产前行为识别

母牛活动方式及规律的信息获取是特定阶段进行必要人工干预的重要判据之一,针对已有通过外置传感器获取信息手段的局限性,提出一种改进时空局部二值模式用于特征描述,构建视觉词典实现对视频中母牛基本行为的识别,并最终通过统计产前特定基本行为发生频次来揭示临产期规律。试验表明所提方法对90组规定视角下母牛产前行走、侧卧和回望等典型行为的平均正确识别率约为94.6%;对30组水平随机视角下拍摄的上述3种行为平均正确识别率约为88.3%。通过采集母牛临产期分娩前后约13 h的视频,提出的算法识别母牛平均执行回望和侧卧的频次依次为30次和21.2次,行为发生频次体现为前低后高,在分娩前回望频次达到峰值8.8次,侧卧频次明显减低为2.2次。试验结果证明,视觉词典法能实现对母牛产期行为的识别与规律的量化描述。     

基于激光雷达的农田环境点云采集系统设计

设计了基于激光雷达的农田环境点云采集系统,可实现农田环境点云与农机位置姿态的稳定、可靠采集;设计了多传感器数据的采集软件,可实现准确、一致的全局点云数据获取。系统以拖拉机为移动载体,由点云数据采集模块、车体位姿采集模块和数据融合模块组成。其中,点云数据采集模块可获取周边环境点云数据,并解决近距离盲区问题;车体位姿采集模块可实时获取农机位置和姿态信息;数据融合模块可接收并融合环境点云数据与车体位姿数据,进而获取位姿补偿后的点云数据。系统实现了各传感器数据的在线采集、时间同步与空间配准,以及数据的实时显示与存储。在农田环境下进行点云采集试验,结果表明,采集系统具有良好的户外工作稳定性,在线典型丢帧率不超过1%,离线典型丢帧率不超过0. 47%,能够满足农田点云数据采集的要求。为分析系统采集点云数据质量,将经过位姿补偿的点云与原始点云分别进行直通滤波地面点滤除,结果表明,位姿补偿后的点云经滤波后仅包含少量地面点云,可作为农机自主导航避障的可靠数据。     

基于改进YOLO V7的校园人体姿态识别

校园人体姿态检测对于监管人员快速识别人体行为,保证校园稳定具有重要意义。针对目前校园人体姿态识别主要依赖人工,效率低下的问题,提出一种基于改良的YOLO V7快速检测模型。首先引入尺寸大小自适应输入模块对输入图像进行标准化和归一化处理,提高模型的适应能力;然后将YOLO V7模型进行剪枝处理提高检测效率;再定义了19个关节点作为人体姿态的特征点,最后使用关节点匹配模块提高关节点匹配的准确率。经过实验,模型可以每秒检测44张图像,检测精度在mAP@0.5时可以达到0.955,相较于原始的YOLO V7检测速率和精度均有所提升。     

用于体质量估测的黄羽鸡姿态关键帧识别与分析

体质量是评价家禽生长状况的关键指标,但家禽姿态的变化会影响体质量估测精度。本研究提出了一种SE-ResNet18+fLoss网络对平养模式下黄羽鸡姿态关键帧进行识别,融合了注意力机制SE模块和残差结构,并改进了损失函数,通过Focal Loss监督信号来解决样本不平衡问题,同时引入梯度加权类激活图对末端分类规则的合理性进行解释。利用4 295幅鸡只图像构建数据集,测试集中鸡只的站立、低头、展翅、梳理羽毛、坐姿和遮挡6类姿态情况识别的F1值分别为94.34%、91.98%、76.92%、93.75%、100%和93.68%;黄羽鸡姿态关键帧的识别精确率为97.38%、召回率为97.22%、F1值为97.26%、识别速度为19.84 f/s,识别精度、召回率和F1值均优于ResNet18、MobileNet18 V2和SE-ResNet18网络,在提高黄羽鸡姿态关键帧识别精度的同时保证了实时性,为准确估测家禽体质量提供了技术支持。     

基于单目视觉的玉米粒姿态识别算法

以扬农15—1、扬农15—2、扬农15—3三个品种的玉米粒中各选100粒作为样本,测量其长度、宽度,形成样本数据;运用统计学原理及SPSS18.0软件对玉米粒样本数据进行分析,确定不同玉米品种的特征阈值,为玉米粒姿态识别提供保证。本算法通过视觉获取玉米粒图像,经过图像处理,得到玉米粒轮廓数据,提出一种改进的最小二乘椭圆拟合方法,该方法不仅能实现玉米粒胚芽方位的确定,而且能识别出玉米粒是否为正常、小颗粒、小杂质、侧立、双玉米五种状态。最后对以上三种不同品种的玉米粒进行实验验证,识别率分别为95%、96%、93%。该算法检测速度快、实时性好,为玉米粒自动夹持提供保证。     

基于机器视觉的枳壳自动定向方法与试验

针对人工姿态调整方法在枳壳定向切分加工过程中存在人工成本高、生产效率低等缺点,设计枳壳机器视觉自动定向调整系统,并提出相应的调整识别算法。根据枳壳表面各目标颜色特征,提出基于R分量下红绿色差法对原始图像进行分割,并利用二值图像中特征几何描述提取果梗位置特征参数和最小二乘椭圆拟合提取外形特征参数;根据两特征信息建立枳壳姿态模型用于姿态识别,定向调整装置根据视觉识别结果捕捉姿态特征并将枳壳调整到理想姿态。试验结果表明,该方法较好地识别出枳壳姿态特征,识别率为93.3%,其2次定向调整后的姿态与理想姿态最大定向夹角误差为4.2°,满足枳壳定向作业要求。该研究为枳壳定向切分加工设备的研制提供参考。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。