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1.
表面活性剂对植物修复有机污染土壤的增效作用及原理   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Phytoremediation is becoming a cost-effective technology for the in-situ clean up of sites polluted with hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs). The major factors limiting phytoremediation are the mass transfer, rate of plant uptake, and microbial biodegradation of HOCs. This article discusses the potential of surfactants to enhance desorption, plant uptake, and biodegradation of HOCs in the contaminated sites. Positive effects of surfactants on phytoremediation have been recently observed in greenhouse studies. The presence of some nonionic surfactants including polyoxyethylene sorbltan monooleate (Tween 80) and polyoxyethylene(23)dodecanol (Brij35) at relatively low concentrations resulted in significant positive effects on phytoremediation for pyrene-contaminated soil. However, the anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) and the cationic surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTMAB) were not useful because of their phytotoxicity or low efficiency for surfactant-enhanced phytoremediation (SEPR). The mechanisms of SEPR for HOC-contaminated sites were evaluated by considering experimental observations. In view of concerns about the cost effectiveness and toxicity of surfactants to plants, more research is needed to enhance the use of SEPR technology.  相似文献   

2.
生物修复石油污染土壤   总被引:34,自引:3,他引:34  
丁克强  骆永明 《土壤》2001,33(4):179-184,196
本文概述了石油污染土壤的生物降解机制,分析了生物修复土壤污染技术及其影响因子,提出了强化生物修复的措施及其在我国的应用前景。  相似文献   

3.
土壤低剂量荧蒽胁迫下蚯蚓的抗氧化防御反应   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
张薇  宋玉芳  孙铁珩  李昕馨  刘淼  陈朗 《土壤学报》2007,44(6):1049-1057
以人工污染土壤为介质,荧蒽为供试化学品,以蚯蚓内脏中细胞色素P450含量、谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量为指标,进行了不同暴露时间(1、3、7和14d)下低剂量荧蒽(60、120、240、480和960μg kg-1)污染胁迫对蚯蚓(Eiseniafetida)的毒性效应研究。结果表明,在供试浓度范围内,蚯蚓内脏中各生化酶系产生了不同程度的响应。其中P450含量、SOD和POD活性比较敏感;而GST和CAT活性,以及MDA含量在供试浓度范围内对荧蒽的暴露没有明显的指示作用。研究发现,低剂量污染物暴露的时间效应较剂量效应更有指示作用,并且生物体内各生化酶系对污染物暴露的敏感性存在差异,因而在土壤污染生态毒性诊断时,选择多时段检测和多指标联合诊断,对污染暴露指示的有效性和敏感性尤为重要。  相似文献   

4.
石油污染土壤的生物修复研究进展   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
吴凡  刘训理 《土壤》2007,39(5):701-707
生物修复技术是解决环境污染、恢复被人类活动破坏的生态系统、实现人类社会可持续发展的重要手段之一,它具有速度快、消耗低、效率高、成本低、反应条件温和以及无二次污染等显著优点.本文主要介绍了生物修复的原理和特点,石油污染土壤的各种生物修复技术:微生物修复技术、植物修复技术和菌根根际生物修复技术的研究和应用进展.  相似文献   

5.
近年来,寻求环境友好型的污染土壤与污水净化高效修复剂成为国内外环境科学研究新的热点。随着环境分子科学的快速发展,纳米材料在污染环境修复研究中的应用越来越受到重视,纳米颗粒由于具有巨大的比表面积和微界面特征,可以强化多种界面反应,如对重金属离子及有机污染物的表面吸附、专性吸附及增强的氧化-还原反应等,在重金属及有机污染物等污染土壤及污水治理中有望发挥重要作用。本文综述了目前国内外利用纳米材料进行污染土壤修复及污水净化的应用研究进展,并展望了该研究领域的不足及研究前景,以期为该研究领域的进一步深入拓展新的思路。  相似文献   

6.
土壤有机污染生物修复技术影响因素的研究进展   总被引:12,自引:6,他引:12  
沈定华  许昭怡  于鑫  胡文勇 《土壤》2004,36(5):463-467
土壤有机污染的生物修复技术的论述很多,本文则从对影响这些技术实施的因素进行综合评述,例如污染物的性质、微生物自身特性等。  相似文献   

7.
土壤有机氯污染的生物修复和土壤酶活性的关系   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16  
简述了土壤生物修复的意义以及微生物-酶-生物修复之间的关系,对有机氯污染土壤的生物修复进行了初步探讨。研究结果表明,自然土壤中含有过氧化氢酶;加入“六六六”后,降低自然土壤中过氧化氢酶活生。此外,对产生过氧化氢酶的外源细菌进行初步搜集、筛选,并测定了其产生过氧化氢酶能力。结果表明,在有机氯污染的土壤中,加入外源细菌能增中土壤过氧化氢酶活性,有机氯能诱导加入土壤的外源微生物分泌过氧化氢酶的能力;细菌B1是较有希望的能消除有机氯污染的菌株。  相似文献   

8.
生物泥浆反应器在污染土壤修复中的应用   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
近年来生物修复技术因具有处理费用低、不产生二次污染且处理效果可靠有效的特点被认为是最具生命力的一种土壤处理手段.总结了生物泥浆反应器这种高效生物修复技术的原理,工艺流程、运行方式、应用范围和运行费用,并重点介绍了其强化手段.已有的土壤生物修复技术受环境条件限制较大,很难在短时间内达到修复目的,生物泥浆反应器作为一种高效的土壤生物修复技术在高浓度、难降解有机物污染土壤的快速修复处理中具有良好的研究开发价值和广阔的应用前景.  相似文献   

9.
通过田间试验研究了玉米和向日葵两种植物对石油污染土壤的修复作用,考察了外源菌(OX-9)对植物修复的强化和协同效应,对“外源菌一植物”修复效果进行了初步评价。结果表明,在10000mg·k-1污染浓度下,150d玉米、向13葵试验区土壤中石油降解率分别为42.5%和46.4%,较对照区提高了100.5%和118.9%。外源节细菌的施加可使生物修复速度显著加快,150d“DX-9-玉米”和“DX-9-向日葵”试验区石油烃降解率分别达到72.8%和76.4%,较同期单独植物修复的降解率提高了71.3%和64.7%。500d各试验区土壤中石油烃降解率分别为95.5%、96.1%、97.6%和98.9%,土壤中石油烃含量均低于国家标准规定限量(〈500mg·kg-1);土壤主要理化性质、生物群落分布、呼吸强度及植物不同部位中石油烃的残留量与对照无显著差异。结果表明:玉米、向日葵与节细菌对石油污染土壤的联合生物修复效果显著;经过两年修复,污染土壤恢复健康状态。  相似文献   

10.
石油污染土壤的生物修复研究进展   总被引:15,自引:2,他引:15  
刘五星  骆永明  滕应  李振高  吴龙华 《土壤》2006,38(5):634-639
对于石油污染土壤的修复,其生物修复具有环境友好、费用较低等特点,是最具应用前景的土壤修复技术。本文较全面地介绍了石油污染土壤生物修复的影响因素、石油污染土壤的生物修复技术,并对该领域今后的研究重点进行了展望。  相似文献   

11.
持久性有机污染物的根际修复及其研究方法   总被引:9,自引:6,他引:9  
根际是具有特殊性质的土壤微生态环境,对土壤中持久性有机污染物的行为及生物修复具有重要作用。本文从微生物降解、植物过程、非生物降解、土壤吸附、挥发、淋溶等方面归纳了有机污染物根际修复的研究进展,并从细胞培养、添加根系分泌物或根系残留物、挥发污染物收集和残留态污染物测定等方面综述了有机污染物根际行为的研究方法及其优缺点。  相似文献   

12.
电子供体基质和电子穿梭体对电子转移过程有重要影响,进而可能影响厌氧反应体系中2,2-双(4-氯苯基)-1,1,1-三氯乙烷(DDT)还原脱氯降解。为了阐明电子供体基质正丁酸与电子穿梭体蒽醌-2,6-二磺酸盐(AQDS)对红壤性水稻土中DDT还原脱氯效果的影响,本研究采用厌氧土壤培养试验并设定以下5个处理:1灭菌对照,2对照,3正丁酸,4AQDS,5正丁酸+AQDS。结果表明,厌氧培养20 d后,土壤中DDT可提取态残留量减少了85.2%~96.3%。DDT厌氧脱氯降解的主要产物为2,2-双(4-氯苯基)-1,1-二氯乙烷DDD。添加正丁酸在培养前8d显著提高产CH4速率,而对DDT脱氯降解无显著促进作用,第8天之后,随着产CH4速率降低,添加正丁酸处理的DDT脱氯速率逐渐升高。添加AQDS显著增强土壤还原性并加速三价铁氧化物还原生成电子供体二价铁,进而显著促进DDT还原脱氯降解。同时添加正丁酸和AQDS对促进DDT还原脱氯的效果最佳,但是正丁酸和AQDS对加速DDT还原脱氯无显著交互作用。本研究结果对于制定DDT污染土壤的高效原位修复技术方案具有指导意义。  相似文献   

13.
石油污染土壤的生物修复技术研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
李春荣  王文科  柴丽红 《土壤》2008,40(5):824-827
从炼油厂污水池底泥中驯化、分离、筛选,得到4种优势石油降解菌。采用摇床培养,研究了各优势菌和混合菌对石油烃的降解性能;采用黄豆、苜蓿和混合菌对石油污染土壤进行了植物-微生物联合修复试验。结果表明,4种菌和混合菌25天可将初始质量浓度为10000mg/L的石油烃依次降解74.36%、54.36%、78.19%、62.17%和83.73%;运行120天,苜蓿、黄豆试验田污染土壤中的石油烃减少46.83%和41.27%;外源混合菌的施加使两种植物的降解率分别提高到67.14%和56.92%。苜蓿或黄豆-土著微生物-外源混合菌联合修复石油污染土壤效果显著。  相似文献   

14.
氯代持久性有机污染物的农田土壤污染呈现污染浓度低、面积大、新源污染不断输入的特点。农田土壤本身微生物种类丰富,对氯代有机污染物具有较大的降解潜力和未知性。本试验以典型高氯代和低氯代持久性有机污染物——六氯苯(HCB)和滴滴涕(DDT)为研究对象,结合~(14)C同位素示踪技术,研究HCB和DDT在热带水稻土和甘蔗地土壤的矿化现象,同时监测HCB和DDT在两种土壤中的挥发、降解产物以及结合残留。结果表明,经84 d好氧培养,HCB和DDT在两种土壤中的矿化量分别仅为0.14%和3%,低氯代有机污染物DDT的矿化速率显著高于高氯代有机污染物HCB。然而,两种土壤对HCB或DDT的矿化没有显著性差异。HCB或DDT在水稻土中的挥发量略微高于甘蔗地土壤,两种土壤中HCB和DDT的挥发量在0.1%~0.6%之间,表明挥发不是其主要的环境过程。在DDT污染水稻土和甘蔗地土壤中添加1.25%的堆肥增加了DDT在土壤中的矿化与结合残留,减少了DDT的挥发。本研究结果表明土壤在好氧条件下对氯代持久性有机污染物的自然消解能力非常弱,而有机肥的使用有助于土壤中持久性氯代有机污染物的矿化消除。  相似文献   

15.
         下载免费PDF全文

Soil contamination, due to the leakage of petroleum or its by-products, is a reason for concern nowadays. Technologies, such as bioremediation, have been developed to remove these pollutants from the environment. This paper aims to evaluate the bioremediation of clayey acid soils contaminated with diesel oil, comparing the effect of aeration use and the addition of different sawdust ratios (5% and 10%) as bulking material. This research was developed in three phases, with experiments of (a) natural attenuation (exclusively natural processes), (b) sawdust-amended soil and (c) aeration combined with sawdust addition. The manometric respirometry test was applied to monitor CO 2 production during biodegradation experiments and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was used as an absorbent solution. The contamination of the samples was carried out by the addition of diesel oil (5% w/w (gg −1 )) into the soil. The results indicated that natural attenuation presented a slower bioremediation process when compared to the treatments with sawdust addition. The addition of 5% of sawdust was beneficial to the microbial activity of the soil, but a proportion above 5% caused a negative effect on the samples, reducing the microbial activity. Statistical analysis ( Kruskal-Wallis test) showed significant oil removals on experiments with the combination of sawdust and aeration. The aeration was considered the main agent in increasing oil biodegradation in the soil. The degradation rate reactions followed a zero-order linear model. The highest contaminant degradation rate was observed in the samples with 5% of sawdust and aeration (24.79 mgO 2 kg −1 dry soil day −1 ), which also improved microbial activity and diesel oil removal.View The PDF  相似文献   


16.
Polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, HCBs and p, p'-DDE were determined in soil and sediment samples from selected sites in Czecho-Slovakia. for the first three groups of chemicals soil pollution in Czecho-Slovakia is very high. in general, The pollution is higher in the Elbe than in the Danube catchment sediments.  相似文献   

17.
钒污染土壤对生态环境和人体健康存在危害,已成为土壤修复领域关注的热点之一。选取科学合理的修复方法对钒污染土壤进行精准治理十分必要。生物修复技术是钒污染土壤绿色可持续治理的重要发展方向,具有操作简便、环境友好、成本低廉、修复效率较高等优势。本文从植物、动物、微生物单一及联合修复的角度,综述了近年来钒污染土壤生物修复的研究进展,探讨了影响钒污染土壤生物修复效果的主要因素,总结了现阶段的研究不足,并对未来研究方向进行了展望,以期为钒污染土壤生物修复技术的总结与发展应用提供科学依据与理论参考。  相似文献   

18.
Combination effects of heavy metals and fluoranthene on soil bacteria   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16  
The effects of (1) Cd, Cu, Zn, and fluoranthene (FLA), separately applied, and (2) combinations of one of these heavy metals with FLA on the growth of bacteria were studied in agar plate experiments. The bacteria were extracted from A horizons of a Eutric Regosol and a Calcic Chernozem. Significant reductions of bacterial counts were observed for both soils at concentrations > 1.0 mg Cd l–1, 0.5 mg Cu l–1, and 0.5 mg Zn l–1, respectively. Additions of FLA up to 100 mg l–1 did not result in increasing reductions of bacterial growth in the Regosol. Only 0.5, 2, and 100 mg FLA l–1 caused significant reductions of 22–27%. Bacterial counts were not affected by 0.2 mg FLA l–1. Low concentrations of heavy metals which were not affective when added separately were found to reduce bacterial growth when applied in combination with 0.2 mg FLA l–1. At higher levels of heavy metals up to 2.5 mg l–1, addition of FLA also increased the toxicity of the metals. It is assumed that the enhancement of toxicity by FLA is due to an alteration of the permeability of bacterial cell membranes. Received: 19 July 1996  相似文献   

19.
Application of organic materials to soils to enhance N immobilization into microbial biomass, thereby reducing inorganic N concentrations, was studied as a management option to accelerate the reestablishment of the native vegetation on abandoned arable fields on sandy soils the Kiskunság National Park, Hungary. Sucrose and sawdust were used at three different topographic sites over 4 years. N availability and extractable inorganic N concentrations were significantly reduced in all sites. Soil microbial biomass C and microbial biomass N increased significantly following C additions, but the microbial C to microbial N ratio remained unaffected. It is concluded that the combined application of the rapidly utilized C source (sucrose) promoted N immobilization, whereas the addition of the slowly utilized C source (sawdust) maintained the elevated microbial biomass C and microbial biomass N in the field.  相似文献   

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