共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 113 毫秒
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植物耐盐性及其生理生化指标的研究进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文综述了盐渍化的现状、植物耐盐途径、作用机理和如何提高植物耐盐性与选育耐盐植物方法等方面的内容,并论述了植物耐盐的生理指标的鉴定。 相似文献
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大麦耐盐机理与化控增强耐盐性的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
综述大麦的耐盐机理和利用化学途径减轻大麦盐害的研究进展。大麦耐盐机制主要包括离子吸收的选择性、叶片和根部的排盐性、物质区化、渗透调节、代谢调节及激素调节等;通过施用Si、Ca、P、硝酸盐、脂肪酸、谷胱甘肽(GSH)及植物生长调节剂等措施可以减轻大麦的盐害。 相似文献
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大麦的耐盐性机制很多 ,有细胞的渗透调节作用、盐分离子的选择吸收与区域化分布 (即高K +/Na +比的保持 )、细胞膜的稳定性以及糖类物质代谢活性、氮类物质合成、矿质营养等。其中有些方面又包括许多小机制 ,如调节细胞渗透势的内源有机物质主要为甜菜碱、脯氨酸和蔗糖 ;决定K+ 、Na+ 、Cl- 的选择吸收和较高K+ /Na+ 比的机制有离子分隔作用、根部细胞的排盐性和Na+ /H+ 交换作用 ;影响细胞膜透性的主要因素有盐离子毒害作用及SOD的活性 ;氮类物质的合成则包括各种氨基酸、几种多胺以及盐诱导蛋白的合成情况 相似文献
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不同大豆品种种子萌芽期的耐盐性 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
对10个栽培品种大豆种子进行不同盐浓度处理(3、6、9、12、15、18 g·L-1)后,统计了种子的发芽率、相对发芽率、发芽势、相对胚根长度,分析了其耐盐浓度、耐盐半致死浓度、耐盐极限浓度和各指标隶属函数,综合评价了各品种的耐盐性.随着盐浓度的增加,品种问的发芽势、发芽率和胚根长度都呈下降趋势,品种间存在显著差异.当NaCl浓度增加到9 g·L-1时,各品种的发芽率、发芽势差异最大.在12 g·L-1的盐浓度下品种间相对胚根长度差异最大.各品种中耐盐浓度最高的为绥农10(可耐12 g·L-1的盐),其次为抗线4和飞龙1(可耐9 g·L-1的盐).耐盐半致死浓度最大的品种为绥农10.耐盐极限浓度最高的也是绥农10.综合分析各指标抗盐隶属值,各大豆品种的耐盐性强弱顺序依次为:绥农10>抗线4>丰豆1>龙选1>合丰55>飞龙1>垦丰16>绥农14>黑农48>黑农44. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1-2):121-153
Abstract Drought is one of the major factors limiting plant growth and productivity. Plant adaptation to drought is dependent on molecular networks for drought perception, signal transduction, expression of a subset of genes and production of metabolites that protect and maintain the structure of cellular components. In general, the drought response pathways can be classified into two categories: one is dependent on the stress hormone abscisic acid (ABA) and the other is ABA-independent. Many genes in these pathways have been identified, thereby providing guidance in choosing genes for engineering of drought tolerance. The review highlights the genes that mediate drought response and tolerance, and discusses lessons learned from engineering for drought tolerance in model plants, such as Arabidopsis, rice and tobacco. Because success of drought tolerance engineering is dependent on not only protein coding regions but also appropriate promoters, this article also reviews the promoters that are crucial for successful engineering of stress tolerance. 相似文献
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Dan Zeng Chunchao Wang Junpin Xie Fan Zhang Jialing Lu Xiaorong Shi Yingyao Shi Yongli Zhou 《水稻科学》2021,28(6):547-556
Soil salinity is an environmental threat limiting rice productivity. Identification of salinity tolerance genes and exploitation of their mechanisms in plants are vital for crop breeding. In this study, the function of stress-activated protein kinase 7(OsSAPK7), a SnRK2 family member, was characterized in response to salt stress in rice. Compared with variety 9804, OsSAPK7-overexpression plants had a greater survival rate, increased chlorophyll and proline contents, and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities at the seedling stage under salt-stress conditions, as well as decreased sodium potassium ratio(Na~+/K~+) and malondialdehyde contents. After salt stress, the OsS APK7 knockout plants had lower survival rates, increased Na~+/K~+ ratios and malomdiadehyde contents, and decreased physiological parameters compared with 9804. These changes in transgenic lines suggested that OsSAPK7 increased the salt tolerance of rice by modulating ion homeostasis, redox reactions and photosynthesis. The results of RNA-Seq indicated that genes involved in redox-dependent signaling pathway, photosynthesis and zeatin synthesis pathways were significantly down-regulated in the OsSAPK7 knockout line compared with 9804 under salt-stress condition, which confirmed that OsSAPK7 positively regulated salt tolerance by modulating diverse stress-defensive responses in rice. These findings provided novel insights for the genetic improvement of rice and for understanding the regulatory mechanisms of salt-stress tolerance. 相似文献
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低温不仅是限制冷敏植物分布及其生长最重要的环境因素,也是影响许多热带或亚热带作物生产的重要气候条件.近年来玉米抗寒性的研究结果表明玉米的抗寒性在自交系间存在明显的差异,冷锻炼或ABA处理也能使抗寒性大为提高.玉米抗寒性的表现有着重要的生理基础,即抗氧化酶的活性维持在较高水平而且其同工酶的表达模式也相应改变;膜类脂降解的程度较轻、光系统II保持较高的活力、膜系统保持较好的通透性和完整性;叶片中ABA、水势和渗透压均维持在较高的水平.玉米抗寒性的遗传分析以及有关基因的克隆和遗传转化的研究结果表明玉米的抗寒性是由多基因控制的数量性状,利用品种改良和生物技术能有效地提高玉米的抗寒性。 相似文献
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