Urogenital anomalies and urinary incontinence in an English Cocker Spaniel dog with XX sex reversal

A 3‐year‐old dog weighing 8 kg was referred with a disorder of sexual development and persistent urinary incontinence before and after gonadohysterectomy performed at a local animal hospital. Histopathological examination disclosed hypoplasia of the testes, epididymis, pampiniform plexus, and uterus. On ultrasonography, an anomalous structure containing anechoic fluid was identified in the region dorsal to the urinary bladder. An anomalous communication between the proximal urethra and the remnant uterus and vagina was found on retrograde urethrography under fluoroscopy. Reflux of contrast medium into the anomalous structure, suspected to be the uterus and cranial vagina, from the urethra was detected. Computed tomography identified the anomalous structure between the rectum and urethra. The anomalous structure was removed via laparotomy and the urinary incontinence resolved. The diagnosis of XX sex reversal with a developmental anomaly of the genitourinary tract was made on the basis of laparotomy findings and cytogenetic and SRY gene analyses.     

A gonioscopic study of the iridocorneal angle in the English and American breeds of Cocker Spaniel and the Basset Hound

Closure of the iridocorneal angle is the cause of a primary form of glaucoma which occurs in certain breeds of dog, but the precise mechanism involved in that closure is not completely understood. However, narrowness of the angle is considered to be the important predisposing factor, and in gonioscopic survey work the author has demonstrated that angle narrowness occurs with some frequency in the English Cocker Spaniel and Basset Hound breeds.     

An atypical case of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in a young English Mastiff

A case of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in a young English Mastiff from Texas is presented. Clinical signs and laboratory findings included subcutaneous edema, lymphadenopathy, weight loss, and hypoalbuminemia. Cytology of a lymph node revealed numerous amastigotes. No trypomastigotes were observed in buffy coat preparation of peripheral blood, and on histologic evaluation, most organs contained numerous interstitial pseudocysts. Initial serology was positive for both T. cruzi and Leishmania, and immunohistochemistry supported a diagnosis of Leishmania. However, additional serology supported a T. cruzi infection, and cultivation of organisms isolated from a lymph node revealed morphology consistent with T. cruzi. In addition, PCR analysis resulted in a 504 bp fragment with 99% homology to a flagellar protein of T. cruzi. Although uncommon, autochthonous cases of both T. cruzi and Leishmania have been reported in the United States. Clinical signs observed with both diseases can show many similarities, cytology may be indistinguishable, as in this case, and serological cross-reactivity is common. This case demonstrates an unusual presentation of T. cruzi and the use of multiple testing strategies to support its diagnosis.     

鹅源新城疫病毒的分离鉴定及其致病性

从吉林省某发病鹅场分离到1株病毒,经血凝、血凝抑制试验和RT-PCR鉴定证实,该毒株为新城疫病毒,命名为MHK-1株.毒力测定结果表明,该病毒的鸡胚平均死亡时间(MDT)为43 h,1日龄雏鸡脑内接种致病指数(ICPI)为1.63,鸡胚半数致死量(ELD50)为10-8.3/0.2 mL,表明该毒株为新城疫病毒强毒株.经致病性试验表明,该病毒对鹅有很强的致病性.分子病毒学分析表明,MHK-1株F基因裂解位点的氨基酸序列为112R-R-Q-K-R-F117,符合强毒株氨基酸序列特点.     

鸡源圣雷利气单胞菌(Aeromonas sanarellii)的分离鉴定及致病性研究

对1例鸡鼻炎样病例进行细菌学诊断,从病鸡鼻腔中分离到1株革兰阴性杆菌,编号为ZY17105,对其进行形态学、生理生化、分子生物学鉴定,对其致病性和耐药性进行分析,同时探讨gyrB基因在气单胞菌鉴定中的意义。16S rDNA进化分析显示ZY17105与圣雷利气单胞菌模式菌株LMG24682同源性为99.4%;gyrB基因进化分析显示ZY17105与各圣雷利气单胞菌株形成同一进化支,与圣雷利气单胞菌模式菌株LMG24682和A2-67之间的同源性为分别为97.8%和98.2%。根据形态学、生理生化特性、16S rDNA和gyrB基因进化分析,将分离株ZY17105鉴定为圣雷利气单胞菌,分离株ZY17105对小鼠和鸡有较强致病性;另外,进化分析表明gyrB基因在气单胞菌属各种间的区分能力高于16S rDNA。本研究首次从中国大陆分离到圣雷利气单胞菌,并证实gyrB基因可替代16S rDNA用于气单胞菌属各菌种间的进化分析鉴别。     

Progressive ataxia and seizures in a Cocker Spaniel: a new type of neurodegenerative disease with novel intra-neuronal inclusions

AIMS: To describe the histopathological lesions of a new canine disease characterised by progressive ataxia, head tremor and seizures, and to deduce the cause of the lesions.

METHODS: Formalin-fixed tissues were processed into paraffin wax and epoxy resin for light and transmission electron microscopy of variously stained tissue sections.

RESULTS: Significant lesions relevant to the disease were found only in the brain. They consisted of hypoplasia of the cerebellum and the presence of large pale inclusions in the perikaryon of neurons in the neocortex and in macrophages. The inclusion material was not compartmentalised and did not stain for carbohydrate, mucopolysaccharide or lipid. This material displaced nuclei to the periphery of the cells where they were seen as basophilic distorted crescent-shaped structures.

CONCLUSIONS: The inclusions were probably made of polymerised protein similar, though not identical, to those of Pick, Lewy and Collins bodies that characterise a variety of chronic neurodegenerative diseases of humans. A genetic basis to this disease was considered probable.     

加州鲈源维氏气单胞菌的分离、鉴定及致病性

对引起四川省某水库网箱养殖的加州鲈发生以体表出血、皮肤溃疡、肝肾出血和肿大为典型症状的疾病进行病原菌的分离、鉴定和致病性研究。从患病加州鲈病变组织分离纯化得到1株病原菌(LB140811),对其进行了形态特征、理化特性等表型生物学检验和回归试验,并通过16SrDNA和gyrB基因测序与系统发育分析,以及毒力基因act和aerA的PCR扩增进行分离株的分子生物学鉴定,同时开展了病原菌的致病性和药物敏感性研究。根据该病原菌的表型、分子生物学特性和进化关系,判定其为气单胞菌属的维氏气单胞菌,且回归试验证实该菌株LB140811为此次加州鲈发病的病原菌。组织病理学观察发现,该病原菌对加州鲈的多个组织器官都造成了明显的病理损伤,尤其是肝、肾、肌肉的损伤较为严重,表现为明显的变性、坏死以及炎性细胞浸润。药敏试验结果表明,18种抗菌药物中,该病原菌仅对阿奇霉素敏感,对氨苄西林、氧氟沙星等14种药物耐药。     

Sylvatic Transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi Among Domestic and Wildlife Reservoirs in Texas,USA: A Review of the Historical Literature

Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi infection) is one of the most important neglected tropical diseases affecting the Americas. The transmission dynamic of this parasite is a complicated process that involves three genera of Triatominae subfamily and over 100 known mammalian reservoirs composed of domestic, peridomestic and wildlife species. Understanding the complex relationship between vector species and mammalian hosts is important for preventing transmission to humans. We performed a historical literature review to assess the disease burden in the Texas wildlife and domestic animal population. Reports of sylvatic transmission in Texas date back to the 1940s. We found that up to 23 species can serve as reservoirs for T. cruzi in the state with wood rats, raccoons, and wild and domestic canine species most frequently reported as positive for the parasite. We finish with a discussion of the current research gaps, implications for high‐risk populations and future directions for research.     

Progressive ataxia and seizures in a Cocker Spaniel: a new type of neurodegenerative disease with novel intra-neuronal inclusions

AIMS: To describe the histopathological lesions of a new canine disease characterised by progressive ataxia, head tremor and seizures, and to deduce the cause of the lesions. METHODS: Formalin-fixed tissues were processed into paraffin wax and epoxy resin for light and transmission electron microscopy of variously stained tissue sections. RESULTS: Significant lesions relevant to the disease were found only in the brain. They consisted of hypoplasia of the cerebellum and the presence of large pale inclusions in the perikaryon of neurons in the neocortex and in macrophages. The inclusion material was not compartmentalised and did not stain for carbohydrate, mucopolysaccharide or lipid. This material displaced nuclei to the periphery of the cells where they were seen as basophilic distorted crescent-shaped structures. CONCLUSIONS: The inclusions were probably made of polymerised protein similar, though not identical, to those of Pick, Lewy and Collins bodies that characterise a variety of chronic neurodegenerative diseases of humans. A genetic basis to this disease was considered probable.     

半滑舌鳎致病性荧光假单胞菌的分离鉴定及其感染的病理损伤

2015年6月,河北省秦皇岛市某养殖场半滑舌鳎发生以腹水、烂尾、内脏器官肿大、出血与坏死为特征的疾病。从自然发病的半滑舌鳎肝脏与肾脏中分离到1株细菌,通过细菌形态观察、培养特性、生化特性分析、动物试验和16SrRNA基因序列分析等方法,对该病原菌进行了分析鉴定。结果显示:致病菌株为革兰阴性杆菌,培养特性、生化特性分析与荧光假单胞菌较接近,以16SrRNA基因为遗传标记构建系统发育树,致病菌菌株与荧光假单胞菌菌株相似性为99%。结果表明:本次引起半滑舌鳎腹水烂尾病的病原菌为荧光假单胞菌。对分离到的菌株进行了常用抗药物的药敏试验,该菌对氧氟沙星、氨曲南、红霉素等药物高度敏感,对利福平、妥布霉素等药物中度敏感,对卡那霉素、新霉素不敏感。组织病理学观察发现,荧光假单胞菌感染半滑舌鳎对多个组织器官都造成明显的病理损伤,尤其是肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、肠及脑的损伤较为严重,表现为明显的淤血、出血,变性、坏死及炎症细胞浸润。     

猪源大肠杆菌O20的分离鉴定及其致病性研究

已知多种血清型的大肠杆菌能够引起仔猪发病，不同地区或同一地区的不同饲养场流行的大肠杆菌优势血清型不同，并且大肠杆菌耐药性普遍，给免疫预防和药物治疗造成困难。流行病学调查表明，大肠杆菌病是我国养猪场常见的有重要经济意义的细菌性传染病之一。因此，分析研究当地规模化猪场流行的大肠杆菌血清型、耐药性以及致病性，     

猪丹毒杆菌的分离鉴定及其SpaA基因的遗传变异分析

为确定导致福建某猪场猪只发病的病原,从病猪心、肺中分离并纯化细菌,根据其形态特征、培养特性、生化试验及PCR鉴定,确定为猪丹毒杆菌。SpaA基因测序结果表明该分离菌在第609位点处出现了由胸腺嘧啶突变为鸟嘌呤,对应的氨基酸是由甲硫氨酸突变为异亮氨酸。致病性试验结果表明,2．1×10^8CFU／mL的菌液10倍稀释后,感染28日龄健康昆明小鼠,该分离菌对28日龄健康小鼠的半数致死量为2．1×10^3.5CFu／mL,死亡小鼠的剖解病变表现为心肌有白色坏死点,肝脏实变、坏死,肺出血和脾脏梗死等,并分离出与感染菌株形态特征完全一致的菌落。药敏试验结果显示,该分离菌株对青霉素、红霉素、氨苄青霉素、强力霉素、先锋霉素、阿奇霉素等较为敏感。     

Studies of infectivity and pathogenicity of an isolate of Trypanosoma evansi in Yankasa sheep.

The course of experimental infection and pathogenicity of an isolate of Trypanosoma evansi were investigated using eight infected and six uninfected control Yankasa sheep. The sheep were each infected intravenously via the jugular vein with approximately 2.0 x 10(6) T. evansi parasites. The effects of the parasite on body temperature, packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin, erythrocytes, total protein, were monitored three times a week for approximately 9 weeks. Body weights were determined once every week for the duration of the experiment. The results showed that all the infected sheep were positive for the parasite. The prepatent period varied between 3 and 6 days. T. evansi produced parasitaemic waves at an average of 8.3 days interval. Two distinct forms of the disease were produced namely, acute (4-14 days postinfection), and chronic (43-59 days postinfection). Anaemia was a distinct feature of the disease. While the mean rectal temperatures were significantly elevated (P < 0.05), the mean values of the haematological parameters of the infected sheep dropped significantly (P < 0.05) compared to the preinfection levels. Observed clinical signs included pale mucous membrane, epiphora, loss of appetite, emaciation, dullness and rough hair coat together with fluctuating pyrexia which in most cases coincided with rise in parasitaemia. It is suggested that the isolate of T. evansi is pathogenic for Yankasa sheep.     

肉雏鹅源多杀性巴氏杆菌分离鉴定与致病性试验

为了鉴定引起肉雏鹅死亡的病原,无菌采集病死肉雏鹅心血、肺脏、肝脏等病料组织中分离到1株病原菌,通过细菌培养特性、形态学观察、生化试验、Kmt2基因序列测序等方法进行鉴定,分离菌株被鉴定为多杀性巴氏杆菌。采用PCR方法、人工感染致病性试验、K-B药敏纸片法分别对分离菌株进行血清型鉴定、致病性检测及耐药性分析。结果显示,多杀性巴氏杆菌血清型为A型,对14日龄肉雏鹅具有很强的致病性,半数致死量(LD_(50))为5.86×10~6 CFU/mL;分离菌株对对头孢曲松、头孢噻呋、恩诺沙星等6种药物高度敏感;对其他药物有不同的程度耐药性。     

Prevalence of zoonotic parasites in feral cats of Central Virginia,USA

Felis catus, the domestic cat, is the definitive host for parasites that may result in adverse health outcomes in humans. Prevalence data of zoonotic parasites in feral cats, which are free‐roaming domestic cats that are born and live in the wild, are limited. The objective of this study was to assess seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and copro‐prevalence of potentially zoonotic parasites in feral cats and to evaluate risk factors for seropositivity and faecal excretion of parasites. In this cross‐sectional survey, 275 feral cats at Trap‐Neuter‐Release clinics in Central Virginia were tested for parasites via faecal flotation, direct immunofluorescence assay (faeces) and modified agglutination testing (serum). Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence was 22.35% (95% CI: 17.47–27.86). Faecal prevalence of T. gondii‐like oocysts was 1.04% (95% CI: 0.13–3.71), Toxocara cati 58.85% (95% CI: 51.54–65.89), Ancylostoma spp. 18.75% (95% CI: 13.49–25.00), Giardia duodenalis 5.73% (95% CI: 2.89–10.02) and Cryptosporidium spp. 3.33% (95% CI: 1.37–7.24). Female cats were more likely than males to excrete faecal Ancylostoma spp. eggs (OR 2.88; 95% CI 1.34–6.17). Adults were more likely than immature cats to be seropositive (OR 2.10; 95% CI: 1.11–3.97) and to excrete faecal Ancylostoma spp. eggs (OR 2.57; 95% CI: 1.10–5.99). However, immature cats were more likely than adults to excrete T. cati eggs (OR 6.79; 95% CI: 3.31–13.90) and to excrete one or more potentially zoonotic species (OR 4.67; 95% CI: 2.28–9.55) in faeces. Results of this study have implications for human and animal health and highlight the importance of collaboration between public health, medical and veterinary communities in preventive efforts.