2012—2014年新疆动物布鲁氏菌病流行病学调查与分析

为了解新疆地区畜间布病流行情况及病原学特征,提升该病诊断水平,为新疆制定布病防控策略提供科学依据。2012—2014年选定新疆伊犁地区、和田地区、哈巴河县、温宿县为布病流调监测点,共抽检牛血清20 906份,羊血清23 245份。在布病阳性点采集流产胎儿病料和奶样各30份进行病原分离,应用分子生物学方法分析其病原学特征。牛羊布病血清学结果显示,牛羊布病阳性率0.77%~2.87%。从流产胎儿病料和奶样中分离布鲁氏菌11株,经AMOS-PCR鉴定,其中9株为羊种布鲁氏菌,2株为牛种布鲁氏菌。试验结果表明,新疆地区动物布鲁氏菌病疫情有逐年上升的趋势,加强牛羊布病检疫和防控势在必行。     

不同的病原菌检测方法比较评价可疑布鲁氏菌

目的:寻找布鲁氏菌病病原学检测工作的一种便利、快速、特异及敏感性较高的快速诊断方法。方法:收集247份病料,并经细菌学方法分离方法得到26株可疑家畜布鲁氏菌株,接着用分子生物学Vir B8-PCR和AMOS-PCR方法对这批可疑菌株进行确诊鉴定,并对不同对比试验方法结果及应用价值进行了评价。结果:细菌学分离方法与Vir B-PCR及AMOS-PCR方法结果一致。AMO S-PCR方法结果同时还显示26株可疑家畜布鲁氏菌株包括19株菌为羊种布鲁氏菌和7株菌为牛种布鲁氏菌。结论:细菌学分离方法所需时间较长、繁琐有感染风险,且不能确定被检可疑布鲁氏菌的属性;Vir B-PCR方法虽然快速、敏感、比较安全等,但是只能确定布鲁氏菌,而不能鉴别菌株属性;AMOS-PCR方法快捷、经济、安全、便利、特异,敏感,且能鉴别菌株属性。     

2000年~2015年新疆畜间布鲁氏菌病流行特征分析

本文通过查阅2000年~2015年新疆畜间布鲁氏菌病调查文献资料,从布病流行及防控历史、近15年畜间布鲁氏菌病流行趋势及分布特点、畜间布病疫情反弹的主要因素及防控建议等3个方面对新疆畜间布病流行分布进行了回顾分析,以期为今后新疆布病防控提供科学依据.     

布鲁氏菌MLVA-15分型方法的建立

为提高对我国布鲁氏菌流行菌株的鉴别分型能力,利用布鲁氏菌可变数目串联重复序列(VNTR)的多态性,建立了新的布鲁氏菌分型方法——MLVA-15。与传统的布鲁氏菌MLVA-16和BruMLSA21分型方法相比,新的MLVA-15分型方法对我国羊种布鲁氏菌流行菌株的区分能力有着显著的提高,能够满足布病流行病学调查中对病原追溯的需求。尝试利用不同VNTR位点组合来提高对布鲁氏菌的鉴别能力,为单一种型布鲁氏菌流行区域的布病病原学调查提供了新思路。     

牛乳样品中布鲁氏菌的分离和鉴定

为进一步改良布鲁氏菌(Brucella)的分离和鉴定方法,本研究于2010年～2012年对新疆部分奶牛场进行Brucella病的监测,采用改良Brucella选择添加剂培养分离的方法,从试管凝集试验(SAT)检测阳性的25头奶牛的牛乳样中分离到9株分离菌,经VirB8-PCR方法扩增Brucella的VirB8基因对分离株进行鉴定,结果表明9个分离株均为Brucella。同时采用Brucella分子分型PCR及生物学分型方法进一步対分离株鉴定,结果显示其中7个分离株为牛3型,另外2个分离株为羊3型。本研究为奶牛Brucella病的检疫与防控提供了快速分离及鉴定方法。     

奶牛布鲁氏菌分离与鉴定

为查明甘肃省永靖县奶牛感染布鲁氏菌病的菌种和类型,为该地区布病科学防控提供技术支撑,2016年9月,对永靖县3份疑似感染布鲁氏菌病奶牛脾脏进行了病原的分离与鉴定。结果表明:PCR从3份样本均检测出布鲁氏菌;细菌分离培养,15 d内,3份样本中只有1份样本生长菌落,其余2份样本培养无细菌菌落出现;分离的1份菌株用AMOS-PCR获得流产布鲁氏菌特征的扩增条带;分离菌株的opm25基因测序结果与流产布鲁氏菌高度吻合。     

羊种布鲁氏菌生物3型的分离和鉴定

本实验对新疆某羊场小尾寒羊5只流产胎儿进行布鲁氏菌病原分离、鉴定,结果从5只流产胎儿胃内容物中均分离到羊种布鲁氏菌生物3型。表明新疆羊群中存在羊种布鲁氏菌生物3型病原。     

巴州2013年畜间布病病原学监测与分析

布鲁氏菌病,是一种人畜共患病,属乙类传染病,病畜为主要传染源.近年来,由于多种因素影响,我区布病疫情持续快速上升,部分地区呈流行之势,防控形势十分严峻.布病不仅严重威胁人民群众身体健康,也给畜牧业生产带来巨大损失.新疆巴州地区2013年进行了畜间布鲁氏菌病病原学监测.结果显示出该地区布病十分严峻.     

西藏107株布鲁氏菌菌型特性及其分布特点的报告

布鲁氏菌病早在1913年就流行于我区羌塘草原。1975年我所正式成立了布鲁氏菌病(简称布病)研究室。在1965年至1983年,从西藏自治区四个专区21个县(站、场、地区)共分离出107株布鲁氏菌,为正确地进行布病流行病学分析,判断疫情、制定有关的防治措施提供依据,作者综合我们及各地的鉴定结果,兹报告如下。     

奶牛布鲁氏菌的监测与分离鉴定

本试验采用SAT方法对乌鲁木齐地区某牛场进行了布鲁氏菌病监测,对阳性奶牛的乳汁进行细菌分离培养,用VirB8-PcR方法对分离株VirB8基因进行扩增鉴定。结果表明,2个分离株均为布鲁氏菌,布鲁氏菌分子分型PCR的鉴定结果显示该牛场感染的自然菌株为布鲁氏菌牛种（3b,5,6,9型）。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。