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1.
本文综述了肉仔鸡营养需要量、饲料效价评定及配方设计技术等方面研究进展.研究表明:(1)肉鸡饲养阶段的划分从3个阶段过渡到4个阶段更为科学;(2)营养需要规格呈现多元化趋势,将与肉鸡品种、环境、追求的生产目标及饲料原料本身的评价体系等相结合;(3)若将饲料养分的标准差即变异引入配方模型的系数矩阵,可明显提高配方养分实际达成的概率;(4)用标准化回肠可消化率氨基酸配制日粮,可提高对肉鸡生产性能的预测水平.  相似文献   

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猪饲料营养价值评定及营养需要的研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文针对猪饲料营养价值评定、营养需要量及配方设计技术等方面的研究进行了总结.研究表明:(1)猪饲料能量的评定指标正从消化能、代谢能体系过渡到净能体系;氨基酸生物学效价指标从表观消化率过渡到具有实际应用价值的标准化回肠氨基酸消化率等.(2)在猪的营养需要量的研究方法上,从过去的列表法向以影响猪养分需要的各种参数为驱动的数学模型预测养分过渡,在营养需要的指标上增加了净能和标准化回肠氨基酸需要量等.且新增的养分指标纳入配方设计与饲养实践条件基本具备.  相似文献   

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猪饲料和营养研究进展   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
作者针对猪饲料营养价值评定、营养需要量及配方设计技术等方面,概述了当前的进展与趋势。猪饲料能量的评定指标正从消化能、代谢能体系过渡到净能体系;氨基酸生物学效价指标从表观消化率过渡到具有实际应用价值的氮校正回肠氨基酸消化率等。在猪的营养需要量的研究方法上,从过去的列表法向以影响猪养分需要的各种参数为驱动的数学模型预测养分过渡,在营养需要的指标上增加了净能和氮校正回肠氨基酸需要量等,且新增的养分指标纳入配方设计与饲养实践条件基本具备。  相似文献   

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氨基酸标准回肠消化率的概念克服了用肉公鸡强饲法测定带来的缺点。迄今为止,已测定了常用饲料原料和饲用晶体氨基酸的必需氮基酸的标准回肠消化系数。使用原料的标准回肠可消化氨基酸及基于标准回肠消化率的氨基酸营养推荐值配制饲料,与基于总氨基酸配制的日粮相比,肉鸡生产性能及生产效益有所提高。  相似文献   

5.
本文综述了近十年来我国肉鸡对能量、蛋白质和氨基酸、矿物质元素、维生素四种营养物质的营养需求量及对生长影响的研究进展。结果表明,目前我国对肉鸡营养的研究在饲粮能量和蛋白质两大营养素方面已经得到较系统化的研究,对氨基酸、矿物质元素和维生素等微量营养物质的研究成为当今的热点。  相似文献   

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铁是所有动物的必需微量元素.本文综述了肉鸡铁的营养代谢,营养需要量的研究方法、研究现状、影响因素以及存在的问题和今后的研究方向.  相似文献   

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肉鸡蛋氨酸的营养研究与应用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
日粮中蛋氨酸水平对肉仔鸡生产性能有着重要的影响。Kino等(1986)和Carew等(1997)研究表明:与其它必需氨基酸不足相比,蛋氨酸缺乏时对肉仔鸡的生长抑制最为严重。在蛋氨酸不足的日粮中添加蛋氨酸以提高肉仔鸡生长性能已达到共识,并在生产实践中广泛应用(Lin1996)。有关蛋氨酸的营养研究历来受到人们重视,目前它仍是畜禽氨基酸营养研究的一个热点,现将肉仔鸡蛋氨酸营养研究与应用情况阐述如下。1蛋氨酸的生理功能蛋氨酸的生理功能是多方面的,有人统计,动物体内有80种以上的生化反应需要蛋氨酸的参与。动物体内…  相似文献   

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肉鸡蛋氨酸营养研究进展   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
蛋氨酸是肉鸡的第一限制性氨基酸,一直是家禽营养研究的重要内容。特别是近几年来甜菜碱的出现、可利用氨基酸概念的应用,国内外对这一方面进行了大量的研究。1 蛋氨酸的营养作用蛋氨酸在动物机体内作为必需氨基酸,不但作为体内蛋白质合成原料,而且参与体内重要的代谢过程,如参与肾上腺素合成胆碱,具有抗脂肪肝作用。有保肝解毒功效,在体内转换成胱氨酸、半胱氨酸、提供硫等。肉鸡缺乏蛋氨酸时,会出现发育不良,肌肉萎缩,体重减轻,皮毛变质,无光泽,肾肝功能减弱,啄羽,啄肛等症状。蛋氨酸在很大程度上能影响动物的免疫机能,…  相似文献   

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旨在评定10种不同来源玉米化学成分含量;测定28日龄白羽肉鸡对玉米的表观回肠氨基酸消化率(apparent ileal amino acid digestibility;AID AA)和标准回肠氨基酸消化率(standardized ileal amino acid digestibility;SID AA)并建立SID AA预测方程。试验共选取330羽1日龄雄性爱拔益加白羽肉鸡;随机分为11个处理;每处理6重复;每重复5只鸡。饲养至25日龄时;11个处理分别饲喂以10种玉米为唯一蛋白源配制成的10种试验日粮和无氮日粮。在第28日龄时;屠宰肉鸡收集回肠食糜用于测定回肠氨基酸消化率。结果显示;10种不同来源玉米的干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、粗灰分(Ash)、粗纤维(CF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、无氮浸出物(NFE)、植酸(PA)、总磷(TP)、总淀粉(TS)含量平均值分别为87.14%、9.04%、3.94%、1.36%、1.97%、10.07%、2.61%、70.82%、0.84%、0.26%和74.56%。10种玉米的各氨基酸含量在0.20%~1.99%之间;脯氨酸(Pro)含量变异系数最大(21.65%);半胱氨酸(Cys)含量变异系数(10.01%)最小。AID AA和SID AA均为苏氨酸(Thr)最低(分别为44.80%和68.15%);亮氨酸(Leu)最高(分别为83.93%和89.56%)。产地对AID AA和SID AA均有显著影响(P < 0.05)。本研究建立的玉米在28日龄白羽肉鸡16种SID AA预测方程;其中SID Phe的拟合度最高(R2=0.962);SID Gly拟合度最低(R2=0.478)。综上;本研究建立的SID AA预测方程对肉鸡实现玉米高效利用和精准营养具有良好参考价值。  相似文献   

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本研究旨在评定8种不同来源菜籽饼粕对生长猪的氨基酸回肠消化率。选取初始体重相近(33.21±1.56)kg、在回肠末端安装简单T-型瘘管并恢复良好的DLY生长阉公猪12头,随机分配到2个6×6拉丁方试验中,每个拉丁方均含1个无氮饲粮、1个基础饲粮和4个试验饲粮处理。试验共6期,每期7 d,前5 d为适应期,后2 d收集回肠食糜。结果表明:除蛋氨酸外,不同来源菜籽饼粕中其他氨基酸回肠表观(标准)消化率差异显著(P<0.05)。赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸和色氨酸4种限制性氨基酸回肠表观消化率变化范围依次为41.73%~60.19%、69.35%~76.90%、50.72%~61.37%和52.49%~68.14%;回肠标准消化率变化范围依次为48.65%~66.14%、73.85%~81.15%、57.42%~67.67%和57.10%~73.04%。总之,菜籽粕中绝大部分氨基酸回肠表观(标准)消化率显著高于菜籽饼。  相似文献   

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Twelve lactating sows were used to evaluate the effects of reducing dietary crude protein (CP) (14% vs. 12%) and increasing neutral detergent fibre (NDF) levels (18% vs. 22%) on litter performance, total tract apparent digestibility and manure composition in a 4 × 4 latin square arrangement during a 36‐day lactation period. Diets were isoenergetic (2.9 Mcal ME/kg) and had similar total lysine content (0.9%). In addition, a second aim was to compare a reference external marker method (Cr2O3) with an internal feed marker [acid‐insoluble ash (AIA)] for the calculation of apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients in lactating sows. The reduction of dietary CP level in lactating sows had no effect on either live‐weight or backfat thickness or apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients. However, the piglets' average daily gain (ADG) was reduced in low dietary CP diets, which suggests that sows reduced milk production due to an underestimation of certain essential amino acid requirements (e.g. valine). The increase of dietary NDF level did not affect sow and litter performance. Nevertheless, the total tract apparent digestibility of organic matter, CP and carbohydrates was reduced, and ether extract digestion was increased in high NDF compared to normal NDF diets equally balanced for ME and lysine content. The coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility of nutrients in lactating sows were greater when using AIA compared to Cr2O3 marker, regardless of dietary CP or NDF level, but their coefficients of variation were lower in the former than in the latter. In lactating sows, a trade‐off between litter performance and nutrient digestion is established when reducing dietary CP or increasing NDF levels while maintaining similar lysine content through synthetic amino acids and balancing metabolizable energy through dietary fat sources.  相似文献   

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The study was carried out to estimate basal ileal endogenous crude protein and amino acid losses (IAALB) and standardized ileal digestibilities (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) originating from casein in newly weaned pigs from linear relationships between ileal recoveries and dietary intakes of graded levels of CP and AA. A total of 14 (12 + 2 for replacement) 3‐week‐old barrows weighing 5.7 kg was fitted with simple T cannulas at the distal ileum. At 28 days of age, the pigs were randomly allocated to the six experimental diets with two pigs per diet in four weekly repeated measurements. Corn starch‐based diets, containing six graded levels of CP from casein (90, 155, 220, 285, 350, 415 g/kg CP as‐fed basis respectively), were formulated. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) was included as a digestibility marker. Each experimental period consisted of 7 days. Ileal digesta were collected for a total of 24 h during day 6 and 8. Splitting the total range of 90 to 415 g/kg CP into smaller ranges, i.e. from 90 to 220, 220 to 350 or 285 to 415 g/kg CP, provides estimates for CP and AA recoveries which are not significantly different from zero. As a result, dietary CP and AA originating from casein are completely digested and absorbed until the end of the small intestine. In addition, the use of large ranges of dietary CP levels showed that IAALB were affected (p < 0.050) by the dietary CP content. Accepting that ileal recoveries of CP and AA are exclusively of endogenous origin when purified corn starch casein‐based diets are fed, IAALB were estimated as a function of the dietary CP level. There were linear increases (p < 0.050) in IAALB when the dietary CP content was increased from 90 to 415 g/kg. Average IAALB expressed in g/kg dry matter intake (DMI) were 16.3, 0.7, 0.2, 0.9 and 0.2 for CP, lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan respectively. These values are in close agreement with IAALB obtained in grower‐finisher pigs.  相似文献   

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This study was conducted to determine the influence of exogenous acid protease (EAP) on growth performance, blood profiles, excreta noxious gas emissions, ileum digesta viscosity and apparent ileal digestibility in broilers. A total of 600 1-d-old broilers with average initial body weight of 47.0 ± 0.2 g were used in a 5-week feeding trial. The broilers were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 treatments with 10 replicate pens per treatment and 15 birds per cage. Dietary treatments consisted of: CON, basal diets; EAP1, CON + 2,700 exogenous acid protease unite (APU)/kg; EAP2, CON + 5,400 APU/kg; EAP3, CON + 8,100 APU/kg. The body weight gain (BWG) had a linear improvement when chicks fed 8,100 AP/kg diets from d 18 to 35 and overall (p < .05). Lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) was obtained in broilers fed 5,400 APU/kg and 8,100 APU/kg as compared with the CON during overall (p < .05). Birds fed diets supplemented with EAP diet led to a linear increase in the ileal digestibility of crude protein, energy and amino acids (lysine, methionine, cystine, threonine, isoleucine, leucine, histidine and tryptophan) compared with CON group (p < .05). In conclusion, based on our results, we suggest that supplementation with EAP diet was effective in improving growth performance through increasing ileal digestibility of some nutrients (crude protein, energy and amino acids) in broilers.  相似文献   

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A total of 480 nursery pigs(Duroc×Landrace×Large White) were utilized in two experiments conducted to determine the effects of different ratios of standardized ileal digestible lysine(SIDLys)to metabolizable energy(ME)ratio on the performance,nutrient digestibility,plasma urea nitrogen (PUN),and plasma free anlino acids of 10 to 28 kg pigs.In Exp.1,192 pigs(10.58 kg)were assigned to one of four treatments.,The treaunents consisted of diets with a ME content of 3.2,3.25,3.3,or 3.35 McaL/kg with a constant SID-Lys:ME ratio of 3.7 g/Meal.The experiment lasted 28 days.Pigs which were fed the diets containing 3.3 and 3.35 Mcal/kg ME had lower feed intakes(P<0.05)than those fed 3.2 Mcal/kg.Feed efficiency was linearly improved with increasing dietary ME(P<0.05).Increasing the dietary ME level also increased (P<0.05)dry matter and energy digestibility.Therefore.3.3 Mcal/kg ME Was selected for Exp.2in which 288 pigs(10.60 kg)were assigned to one of six treatments.Treatments consisted of SID-Lys:ME ratios of 3.1,3.3,3.5,3.7,3.9,or 4.1 g/Meal witIl all diets providing 3.3 Meal of ME/kg.Weight gain and feed efficiency were increased(P<0.05)as the SID-Lys:ME ratio in diet increased.Based on a straight broken-line model,the estimated SID-Lys:ME ratio to maximize weight gain was 3.74.  相似文献   

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