大花蕙兰、蝴蝶兰在湖州地区的引种栽培及适应性分析

浙江省湖州林科所于2000年首次引进栽培大花蕙兰与蝴蝶兰,共引进了6个品种的大花蕙兰和3个系列的蝴蝶兰.通过引种、栽培及适应性分析,认为湖州地区发展大花蕙兰和蝴蝶兰是可行的,生产的花品质高,经济效益明显.     

大花蕙兰转齿兰环斑病毒外壳蛋白基因及检测

[目的]通过植物转基因技术获得抗病毒大花蕙兰种质资源,优化转化体系和鉴定方法.[方法]本研究克隆了齿兰环斑病毒外壳蛋白基因,并构建了该基因的pBI121表达载体,用根癌农杆菌介导法转化大花蕙兰,尝试以巢式PCR方法检测转基因再生植株.[结果]优化了大花蕙兰遗传转化体系,建立了利用巢式PCR技术检测转基因大花蕙兰植株的方法,获得了32株转基因株(系).[结论]优化了以类原球茎为外植体的农杆菌介导转化大花蕙兰的方法,确定以5%~10%类原球茎存活时的抗生素(卡那霉素)浓度为筛选浓度;获得了转ORSV CP基因大花蕙兰植株;对大花蕙兰转基因植株检测时,巢式PCR较普通PCR更灵敏、准确.     

大花蕙兰催花栽培试验

试验表明：夏季海拔800m以上地区的高日温、低夜温和较大的昼夜温差有利于大花蕙兰花芽的分化和形成，及时抹芽和合理施肥是大花蕙兰催花栽培的关键技术措施。夏季炎热地区，利用高山基地进行大花蕙兰的催花栽培，是一种可行方法。     

多效唑对大花蕙兰开花的影响

结合大花蕙兰生产实际需求,针对大花蕙兰产业化生产中遇到的花期不够集中、成花质量不高、花箭较短且不够整齐等具体问题,系统研究了施用时期、施用浓度,旨在探讨提高大花蕙兰开花品质的有效途径。结果表明:施用一定浓度的多效唑可以使大花蕙兰的花期提前,随着浓度的增加而花期相应提前;施用多效唑使植株高度明显降低,显著降低大花蕙兰叶片长度;多效唑使大花蕙兰的小花发育受到影响,经多效唑处理的植株200×10-6以上的浓度水平上小花败育显著;经多效唑处理的大花蕙兰叶片中的叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白含量增加。     

大花蕙兰花芽发育期开花株与不开花株可溶性糖含量比较

该文阐述了大花蕙兰花芽发育期开花株与不开花株可溶性糖含量的情况。试验结果表明,大花蕙兰‘圣蕾芬’花芽发育期的可溶性糖含量在开花株与不开花株间差异是比较显著的,但是大花蕙兰‘天使’的差异却只有盛花期比较显著。并进一步分析了可溶性糖含量与各元素间的相关性。     

2011年宵花市预测分析

12月中下旬,大花蕙兰逐步迎来出货高峰.记者对云南、广东、山东、北京、辽宁等主要产区的调查显示,全国2011年宵大花蕙兰开花株数量在170万至180万盆之间,比2010年宵增长30%左右,其中可供应上市的开花株估计在140万至150万盆之间.由于受检疫、贸易政策等影响,预计从日韩进口的大花蕙兰成品花数量会比往年减少近...     

华东最大的大花蕙兰基地在义乌生根开花

浙江省义乌市义金农庄引进韩国先进技术，投资创建华东地区规模最大的大花蕙兰种苗及商品花开发基地，形成了年产３００万株组培苗、３万盆商品花的生产能力。２０００年３月，义金农庄从韩国引进１万盆大花蕙兰进行试种与研究。大花蕙兰喜冷凉气候，而浙江义乌夏季温度偏高，生长繁育存在着较大困难，义金农庄就聘请了中国林科院亚林所阙国宁研究员、黄爱珠研究员、浙江大学博士生导师朱睦元教授等作为技术顾问，韩国著名花卉专家姜成哲也两次被请到农庄作技术指导，１万盆韩国大花蕙兰在农庄工人精心呵护下试种成功。为了扩大生产规模和提…     

大花蕙兰组织培养的初步研究

利用大花蕙兰的茎尖作为外植体,对大花蕙兰的组织培养做了初步研究。结果表明：适合大花蕙兰原球茎增殖的培养基配方为：1／2Ms＋BA1．0mg／L＋NAA0．1mg／L;适合大花蕙兰原球茎芽苗诱导的培养基配方为：1／2MS＋BA0．5mg／L＋NAA0．1mg／L;适合大花蕙兰壮苗生根的培养基配方为：1／2MS＋NAA 0．1mg／L,在大花蕙兰组织培养过程中加入香蕉泥,胰蛋白胨,马铃薯汁,椰乳等添加物,增殖效果以加入香蕉泥为最佳。     

大花蕙兰灰霉病防治技术

大花蕙兰 ,原称虎头兰 ,又称西姆比兰。潍坊市自 1997年开始引种大花蕙兰 ,因灰霉病危害 ,又没有进行合理系统的防治 ,病株率达到 91% ,极大地影响了我市大花蕙兰的生产和发展。为此我们对大花蕙兰灰霉病进行了综合防治研究 ,现将结果报道如下。1　危害情况大花蕙兰灰霉病主要危害花器 ,有时也危害叶片和茎。为了便于调查 ,我们制订了大花蕙兰灰霉病病级 ,其标准为 :1级 ,无病斑 ;2级 ,个别花器上有病斑 ;3级 ,个别叶片和茎上有病斑 ;4级 ,花瓣变色 ,着生无性世代病原菌 ,5级 ,花朵枯死 ,部分叶尖焦枯。经过连续 4年的调查 ,不进行综合防治…     

板栗叶面积测算方法的探讨

通过对板栗4个品种叶片长度、宽度、叶长宽和叶面积之间的相关分析，建立了数学关系式。经实际检验得知：回归方程法只用于单一品种，测定叶面积迅速准确；板栗叶面积公式法则适于所有板栗品种的叶面积估算，具有较高的精度。     

Influence of photosynthetic photon flux density on growth and transpiration in seedlings of Fagus sylvatica

Beech seedlings (Fagus sylvatica L.) were grown in various combinations of three photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD, 0.7, 7.3 or 14.5 mol m(-2) day(-1)) for two years in a controlled environmental chamber. Dry mass of leaves, stem and roots, leaf area and number of leaves, and unit leaf rate were affected by both previous-year and current-year PPFD. Number of shoots and length of the main shoot were affected by previous-year PPFD but not by current-year PPFD. Number of leaves per shoot did not change with PPFD, whereas leaf dry mass/leaf area ratio was mainly affected by current-year PPFD. During the first 10 days that newly emerged seedlings were grown at a PPFD of 0.7 or 14.5 mol m(-2) day(-1), transpiration rate per unit leaf area declined. Thereafter, transpiration increased to a constant new rate. Transpiration rate per seedling was closely related to leaf area but the relationship changed with time. In two-year-old seedlings grown at various PPFD combinations of 0.7, 7.3 and 14.5 mol m(-2) day(-1) during Years 1 and 2, leaf area and transpiration rate per seedling were closely correlated at Weeks 7 and 11 after bud burst. Weak correlations were found between root dry mass and transpiration rate per seedling. During Year 2, transpiration rate per leaf area was higher at a particular PPFD in seedlings grown at a previous-year PPFD of 0.7 mol m(-2) day(-1) than in seedlings grown at a previous-year PPFD of 14.5 mol m(-2) day(-1). After transfer of two-year-old seedlings at the end of the experiment to a new PPFD (7.3 or 14.5 mol m(-2) day(-1)) for one day, transpiration rates per leaf area, measured at the new PPFD, were correlated with leaf area and root dry mass, irrespective of former PPFD treatment.     

桃、杏、樱桃幼树叶水势日间变化及其与气象因子关系的研究

利用Wp4水势仪对桃、杏、樱桃幼树日间叶水势的测定,在此基础上对叶水势日间变化规律及气象因子对叶水势的影响进行了研究。结果表明:两年生幼树春季(5月)晴朗天气条件下叶水势日间变化为单谷曲线,最低值出现在14:00,桃、杏、樱桃分别为-20.5bar、-23bar、-20bar,持续到15:00,之后逐步回升;叶水势随光量子密度、土壤温度、气温增大而下降,随空气相对湿度增大而上升。     

Regulation of transpirational water loss in Quercus suber trees in a Mediterranean-type ecosystem

Sap flux density in branches, leaf transpiration, stomatal conductance and leaf water potentials were measured in 16-year-old Quercus suber L. trees growing in a plantation in southern Portugal to understand how evergreen Mediterranean trees regulate water loss during summer drought. Leaf specific hydraulic conductance and leaf gas exchange were monitored during the progressive summer drought to establish how changes along the hydraulic pathway influence shoot responses. As soil water became limiting, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance and leaf transpiration declined significantly. Predawn leaf water potential reflected soil water potential measured at 1-m depth in the rhizospheres of most trees. The lowest predawn leaf water potential recorded during this period was -1.8 MPa. Mean maximum stomatal conductance declined from 300 to 50 mmol m(-2) s(-1), reducing transpiration from 6 to 2 mmol m(-2) s(-1). Changes in leaf gas exchange were attributed to reduced soil water availability, increased resistances along the hydraulic pathway and, hence, reduced leaf water supply. There was a strong coupling between changes in soil water content and stomatal conductance as well as between stomatal conductance and leaf specific hydraulic conductance. Despite significant seasonal differences among trees in predawn leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, leaf transpiration and leaf specific hydraulic conductance, there were no differences in midday leaf water potentials. The strong regulation of changes in leaf water potential in Q. suber both diurnally and seasonally is achieved through stomatal closure, which is sensitive to changes in both liquid and vapor phase conductance. This sensitivity allows for optimization of carbon and water resource use without compromising the root-shoot hydraulic link.     

不同品种核桃叶片含水量与高光谱反射率的相关性差异分析

目的 探究不同品种核桃（Juglans regia L.）叶片含水量与叶片高光谱反射特征的相关性,分析品种间差异,为核桃叶片水分的准确诊断提供参考。 方法 本研究以5个不同品种的核桃叶片为研究对象,测定了脱水过程中叶片水分含量及其同步反射光谱响应曲线,分析并对比了不同品种核桃叶片含水量与光谱反射率的相关关系,探讨了核桃叶片水分敏感波段的品种间差异。 结果 表明：（1）不同品种核桃叶片的构成物质与叶片结构相似,在叶绿素和水分含量上存在差异;（2）核桃叶片含水量与叶片反射率的相关关系不受水分表征量的影响,在621703、1 2442 500 nm范围内各品种核桃叶片含水量与反射率均呈显著相关关系（p < 0.05）;（3）在7041 243 nm范围内,不同品种核桃叶片具有不同的水分敏感波段,各品种间差异明显。 结论 不同品种核桃叶片含水量与高光谱反射率的相关关系在7041 243 nm范围内具有明显的品种间差异。     

不同地径砧木对山桐子嫁接苗成活及生长特性的影响

为给山桐子丰产栽培技术提供参考依据,就不同地径砧木对山桐子嫁接苗生长特性的影响情况进行了试验研究。结果表明:(1)山桐子苗嫁接成活率为86.00%~93.20%,保存率为82.63%~90.43%;地径为7~9 cm的大规格砧木组嫁接苗的成活率和保存率均显著高于3~5 cm砧木组的。(2)地径为7~9 cm的大规格砧木组嫁接苗的接穗粗度、树高、冠幅、枝条数量、最长枝长度、最长枝粗度、叶长、叶宽、单叶面积、单株叶片数量和叶面积指数均显著大于地径为5~7 cm的中规格和3~5 cm的小规格砧木组的,而不同地径砧木对最短枝长度、最短枝粗度和叶柄长度的影响均不显著。(3)接穗粗度、树高、冠幅、枝条数量、最长枝长度、最长枝粗度、叶长、叶宽、单叶面积、单株叶片数量、叶面积指数与砧木地径间均存在显著正相关关系。文中因此认为,山桐子砧木的粗度对嫁接苗木的生长具有重要的影响。     

杜鹃红山茶叶面积回归方程的建立

以杜鹃红山茶（Camellia azalea）成熟叶片为材料,研究杜鹃红山茶叶长、叶宽、叶长×叶宽与叶面积的关系,结果表明：叶长、叶宽、叶长×叶宽与叶面积均呈直线相关,经F检验,差异极显著;所建立的6个回归方程的相关系数高于0.881 488,其中,y=-1 373.824＋22.024x1＋35.583x2为0.956 6、y=-391.205＋12.056x1＋0.361x3为0.952 2。所建立的6个回归方程均可应用于杜鹃红山茶叶面积的测算。     

Gas exchange characteristics of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) leaves

We used the plastochron index to study the relationship between plant age, leaf age and development, and net photosynthesis of black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) seedlings. Leaf area and net photosynthesis were measured on all leaves >/= 75 mm of plants ranging in age from 7 to 20 plastochrons. Effects of plant developmental stage on leaf area and net photosynthesis were evaluated for leaves of differing age (horizontal series), leaves on plants of constant age (vertical series), and leaves of constant age (oblique series). Regression techniques were used to estimate leaf area from leaf blade dimensions. The best equations for predicting leaf area had R(2) values of 0.991-0.992 and used linear or logarithmic functions of both leaf length and width. Suitable, but less precise, equations with R(2) values of 0.946-0.962 were developed from either leaf length or leaf width. Leaf area development in black cherry seedlings was similar to that in other indeterminate species. Leaves of young plants reached full expansion at a lower leaf plastochron age than leaves of older plants. Maximum net photosynthesis per unit leaf area occurred 2-3 plastochrons before full leaf expansion. There was strong ontogenetic drift in net photosynthesis with leaf age; net photosynthesis decreased as plant age increased in leaves of the same plastochron age. Plots of the oblique series were particularly useful in providing information about interaction effects.     

不同桉树无性系幼苗叶片形态、生理特征的差异性比较

以8个无性系桉树幼苗为试验材料,对其叶片形态、生理特征的差异性进行比较.结果表明:叶片形态特征、叶绿素含量和PSII电子传递最大潜力差异显著;PSII反应中心最大光能转换效率及实际光化学转换效率差异极显著.DH32-26、DH32-28幼苗叶片保水力和维持水分平衡能力中等,原生质耐脱水能力较好;DH33-27、GL-UG9叶片的保水力和维持水分平衡能力强,原生质忍耐脱水能力较差;DH184-1、GL-U4、GL-WC3幼苗叶片的保水力、维持水分平衡能力以及原生质耐脱水能力均为中等;DH201-2的保水力和维持水分平衡能力较差,原生质耐脱水能力中等.从叶片形态和生理特征方面综合评定DH184-1、GL-U4、GL-WC3为较优无性系.     

Diurnal variation in extension growth of leaves of Salix viminalis

Diurnal variation in leaf extension and biophysical parameters of leaf growth were measured in young leaves from a stand of Salix viminalis L. in southern Sweden over a two-day period of clear skies during late July. Leaf growth rate (irreversible extension) was greatest during the late afternoon and early evening, falling to negligible values during the night and early morning.Leaf water potential and leaf osmotic potential showed declining values in the morning with subsequent recovery in the late afternoon. Diurnal variation in osmotic potential (-1.3 to -1.7 MPa) was small compared with that of leaf water potential (-0.1 to -1.2 MPa). Calculated values of leaf turgor pressure during the night (1.2 MPa) were double the midday values. Growth rate correlated poorly with turgor, which (except on one occasion) was always above a calculated value of yield turgor at 0.53 MPa.Diurnal variation in extension growth rate was large compared with that in plastic extensibility of leaf tissue as measured by an Instron technique. Values of extensibility were low and showed little diurnal variation, which is consistent with a proposed negative feedback of expansive growth rate on extensibility. Extension growth rate correlated well with air temperature, suggesting that the rate of leaf expansion may have been limited by a temperature-dependent rate of cell wall loosening.     

Micronutrient, magnesium and phosphorus effects on biomass and leaf tissue nutrient concentrations of field grown Leucaena leucocephala

To optimize biomass and crude protein (CP) production for leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) in southern Texas, field trials were conducted with treatment combinations of three levels of phosphorus (P) , two levels of Mg and two levels of soluble trace element mixture (STEM). The P was banded in the soil while the Mg and micronutrient blend were applied to the foliage. A combination of P (22 kg ha^-1), Mg and STEM fertilizers significantly increased biomass from 2555 kg ha^-1 to 3028 kg ha^-1. This treatment was associated with an increase in leaf CP from 27.9% to 31.0%. P fertilizer had no significant effect on leaf P, but significantly increased leaf nitrogen (N) and leaf copper (Cu). A foliar spray of Mg significantly increased leaf N, P, and Cu. A foliar spray of a complete micronutrient blend increased leaf Cu. Biomass production was correlated positively (decreasing order) with leaf Cu, N, and Mg and negatively with Zn. Leaf N was positively correlated with leaf P and calcium. The critical tissue concentrations (CTC) (where 90% of predicted maximum leaf protein was obtained) were 0.18% and 4.49 mg kg^-1 for leaf P and Cu, respectively. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.