Factors affecting the activities of nitrophenol fungicides IV. The influence of hydrogen bonding

The control of powdery mildew on marrows (caused by Sphaerotheca fuliginea) achieved with 4-(1-substituted alkyl)-2,6-dinitrophenols, 2-(1-substituted alkyl)-4,6-dinitrophenols, 4-(1-substituted alkyl)-2,6-dinitrophenyl crotonates, cycloalkyldinitrophenols, 2-cyclohexyl-halogeno-nitrophenols and 4-cyclohexyl-2-substituted-6-nitrophenols is discussed. Certain combinations of partition and intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonding capacities lead to vapour phase and/or zonal activity or to penetration of the leaf surface followed by possible translocation, phytotoxicity or translaminar activity. The capacity of the phenol to hydrogen bond to the leaf cuticular waxes has a considerable influence upon the fate of these materials when used as foliar fungicides.     

Fungicidal activity and chemical constitution: XVII.—Activity of various 4-(1-substituted n-alkyl)-2,6-dinitrophenols and esters against apple powdery mildew

Members of series of 4-(cyclobutylalkyl, cyclohexylalkyl and benzylalkyl)-2,6-dinitrophenols were tested in a glasshouse against apple powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera leucotricha. Three series involving a cyclohexyl substituent separated from the phenolic nucleus by one, two or three methylene groups were of the same order of activity, but replacement of this substituent by a phenyl group in one case, resulted in a marked decrease in activity. Of a number of esters tested, none was significantly more active than the corresponding phenol.     

含1,3,4-噻二唑的吡啶联吡唑乙酰胺类化合物的合成及除草活性

以乙酰丙酮、溴乙酸乙酯和2,6-二氯吡啶为起始原料,经取代、肼基化、环合、水解、酸化及缩合等反应,得到9个未见文献报道的吡啶联吡唑乙酰基类化合物 B1~B9 。其结构均经核磁共振氢谱和质谱表征。初步生物活性测定表明:在150 g/hm2的处理剂量下,大部分目标化合物表现出一定的除草活性,其中化合物 B2、B3、B6 和 B8 对苘麻Abutilon theophrasti Medicus、反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus和凹头苋Amaranthus lividus L.生长的抑制率接近100%。     

GA1-2菌株的分离鉴定及其对香蕉尖孢镰刀菌的抑菌效果

为了从土壤中分离筛选对香蕉尖孢镰刀菌具有良好拮抗作用的放线菌,采用平板稀释涂布法从四川省会理县干热河谷小麦根际土壤中进行放线菌分离,并采用平板对峙法和孢子萌发法进行筛选,通过形态特征、培养特征、生理生化特征以及16S r DNA序列分析对筛选菌株进行鉴定。结果表明,从四川省会理县干热河谷小麦根际土壤筛选获得一株对香蕉尖孢镰刀菌4号生理小种Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense race 4(FOC4)菌丝和孢子萌发都有很强抑制作用的菌株GA1-2,对FOC4菌丝和孢子萌发抑制率分别为36.34%和94.81%。菌株GA1-2与薰衣草灰链轮丝菌Streptoverticillium lavenduligriseum的亲缘关系最近,相似率达99.85%,且其形态特征、培养特征、生理生化特征也与薰衣草灰链轮丝菌基本相符,因此将菌株GA1-2初步鉴定为薰衣草灰链轮丝菌。     

Synthesis and fungicidal activity against Pyricularia oryzae of 6-(1,2,4-triazol-4-yl) chromone and -1-thiochromone derivatives

A series of novel 6-(1,2,4-triazol-4-yl) chromone and -1-thiochromone (benzo[b]thiazin-4-one) derivatives was obtained by cyclisation via thiosemicarbazides which were prepared by reaction of hydrazines and the corresponding isothiocyanates. Their fungicidal activity was evaluated against the rice blast fungus Pyricularia oryzae. Of this series, 2,5,8-trimethyl-6-(1-propyl-5-thioxo-3-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl) chromone, 6-(1-butyl-5-thioxo-3-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-2,5,8-trimethylchromone, 6-(1-hexyl-3-methyl-5-thioxo-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-2,5,8-trimethylchromone and 6-(1-allyl-5-thioxo-3-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-2,5,8-trimethylchromone were highly active (pEC₅₀>6·0). Structure–activity relationship studies using the capacity factor k′ as a hydrophobicity index suggested that the log k′ optimum for 2,5,8-trimethyl-chromone and -1-thiochromone derivatives was around 1·0, equivalent to a log P_ow value of c. 4·4. © 1998 SCI     

Synthesis and insecticidal activity of lipophilic amides. Part 1: Introductory survey,and discovery of an active synthetic compound

A group of naturally occurring isobutylamides and related compounds exhibit a range of biological properties including activity against insects. Their potential as a starting point for developing new insecticides, needed to control pests resistant to other classes of insecticides, is discussed, following an extensive survey of known structures and activities. Few of the known compounds were sufficiently active and well characterised to point to sound structure-activity relationships, so synthetic analogues were examined. One of these [(2E,4E)-N-(2-methylpropyl)-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienamide] was sufficiently active, and prompted the investigations reported here and in subsequent papers in the series. Analogues of this compound designed to establish areas where structural variation is possible are also described.     

Inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis in Ustilago maydis by the fungicide 1-[2-(2, 4-dichlorophenyl)-4-ethyl-1, 3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl]-1H-1, 2, 4-triazole

Inhibition of sporidial multiplication in cultures of Ustilago maydis by 1-[2-(2, 4-dichlorophenyl)-4-ethyl-1, 3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl]-1H-1, 2, 4-triazole^a (CGA-64251), at concentrations of 0.1, 1.0 and 5.0 μg ml^?1, increased from about 15% during the first 4 h, to 58–70% during the subsequent 4 to 12-h period. Sporidia became swollen and highly branched in the presence of the fungicide. Total lipid content as a percentage of the dry weight was not affected after exposure of the sporidia to the fungicide at 0.1 or 5 μg ml^?1 for 4 h, but synthesis of ergosterol and other demethyl-sterols was inhibited by 87–92%. Large quantities of methyl-sterol precursors of ergosterol and of free fatty acids accumulated in the treated sporidia. Fungitoxicity of CGA-64251 is attributed to inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis at the stage of sterol C-14 demethylation.     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of [1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)alkyl]-1-silacyclopentanes

A series of 1-aryl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)alkyl-1-silacyclopentanes has been synthesized by four-step reactions starting from 1-chloroalkyltrichlorosilane and tested for fungicidal activities in vitro for ten fungi and in vivo for four fungi occurring in rice, cucumber, tomato etc. Biological activities of the title compounds are strongly dependent upon the p-substituent on the phenyl group in the following order: F>Cl>Ph>OEt>H. Especially, 1-p-fluorophenyl-1-[1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)alkyl]-1-silacyclopentanes (alkyl=methyl or ethyl) showed significant fungicidal activity with a broad spectrum comparable to flusilazole in in-vivo assay. © 1998 SCI.     

1-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)-5-二氟甲基-1H-4-吡唑酰胺类化合物的合成及杀菌活性

以2,3-二氯吡啶(1)为起始原料,经肼基化、环合、水解和酰氯化反应,生成1-(3-氯-2-吡啶)-5-二氟甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰氯(6),(6)与取代基苯胺(7) 反应,制得13个未见文献报道的1-吡啶基吡唑酰胺类目标化合物。利用核磁共振氢谱、质谱(LC-MS)和元素分析对目标化合物的结构进行了表征。初步杀菌活性测定结果表明,在 50 mg/L下,大部分目标化合物对瓜类炭疽病菌Gibberella zeae、瓜类灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea和水稻纹枯病菌Rhizoctonia solani的抑制活性均不高,仅ZJ-10对瓜类灰霉病菌的抑制率达76.03%。     

新型含吡唑杂环邻氨基苯甲酰胺类化合物的合成与杀螨活性

以氯虫苯甲酰胺和氟虫腈的结构为基础,通过活性亚结构拼接的方法,设计合成了24个新型含吡唑杂环邻氨基苯甲酰胺类化合物,其结构经1H NM R、IR及APCI-M S表征。初步生物活性测试结果表明:化合物5-溴-N-[4-氯-2-甲基-6-(甲氨基甲酰基)苯基]-1-1-[2,6-二氯-4-(三氟甲基)苯基]-4-三氟甲基亚磺酰基-1H-吡唑-3-甲酰胺(5k)和5-溴-N-[4-溴-2-甲基-6-(甲氨基甲酰基)苯基]-1-[2,6-二氯-4-(三氟甲基)苯基]-4-三氟甲基亚磺酰基-1H-吡唑-3-甲酰胺(5l)在500 mg/L下对朱砂叶螨Tetranychus cinnabarinus的致死率为100%,但在100 mg/L下其致死率则分别降至30%和50%。所得结果可为邻氨基苯甲酰胺类化合物构效关系研究提供参考。     

Volatile analogues of penconazole and their activity against the take-all fungus,Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici

Eight new sterol biosynthesis-inhibiting fungicides, structurally related to penconazole and having vapour pressures up to 118 mPa, were synthesised. Their toxicities to the cereal take-all fungus, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, on agar were measured; intrinsic activities were measured after incorporating the compounds into the agar and vapour activities were measured after their evaporation from glass and from moist soil. Vapour activity following evaporation from soil was shown to be a function of both the intrinsic activity of the compound and its partition coefficient between the air and moist soil (K_as). The latter is itself a function of vapour pressure, 1-octanol/water partition coefficient (K_ow) and the soil type. The compound most active as vapour from soil in the in-vitro test, 1-(pyridin-3-yl)-2-(4-flurorophenyl)pentane, was ineffective against take-all in wheat in a pot test in which the inoculated soil was treated unevenly, providing further evidence that the redistribution of fungicides in moist soil occurs predominantly via the water phase rather than the vapour phase.     

Synthesis,insecticidal and acaricidal properties of some 5-alkoxy-, 5-alkylthio-6-oxo-1-phenyl-1H-pyridazin-4-yl and 6-oxo-5-phenoxy-1-phenyl-1H-pyridazinyl phosphorus esters. II

A series of novel 5-alkoxy-, 5-alkylthio-6-oxo-1-phenyl-1H-pyridazin-4-yl and 6-oxo-5-phenoxy-1-phenyl-1H-pyridazin-4-yl phosphorus esters was prepared from the corresponding alkali pyridazin-4-olates and their insecticidal and acaricidal activities studied. Many of the compounds, especially the diethyl and dimethyl phosphates and OO-diethyl and OO-dimethyl phosphorothioates, showed high insecticidal and acaricidal activity.     

Rhizome-induction activity of chiral 2-α-methylbenzylamino-4-alkylamino-6-chloro-1, 3, 5-triazines in Cyperus serotinus Rottb.

A cytokinin-like effect of chiral 2-α-methylbenzylamino-4-alkylamino-6-chloro-1,3,5-triazines was found using a rhizome-inducing assay with Cyperus serotinus Rottb. tubers. C. serotinus tubers germinated in distilled water yielded plantlets with roots and leaves. Secondary rhizomes were normally not observed within the regular 14-day incubation time in water culture, whereas after increasing incubation periods a very short rhizome appeared (controls). 6-Benzylaminopurine (BA) significantly stimulated rhizome induction, while other plant hormones were inactive. The (R)-isomers of the 1, 3, 5-triazine compounds also stimulated induction of the rhizomes, whereas the (S)-isomers did not. The described rhizome induction system seems to be suitable as a cytokinin bioassay. The (R)-1, 3, 5-triazine compounds showing rhizome-inducing activity (RI activity) inhibited root formation and plant growth at high concentrations with symptoms which were very similar to those of BA. Therefore, the (R)-isomers appear to act as cytokinins in the rhizome induction assay.     

3-苄基-5-(1-(2-氧代-1-氧杂螺[4,5]癸-3-烯-3-基)亚乙基)-2-氨基咪唑啉-4-酮类化合物的合成及杀菌活性

为寻找高活性的杀菌化合物,在前期合成5-(1-(4-甲基-2-氧代-1-氧杂螺[4,5]癸-3-烯-3-基) 亚乙基)-2-氨基咪唑啉-4-酮类化合物的基础上进行结构修饰,在咪唑啉-4-酮的3-位引入苄基,设计并合成了一系列未见文献报道的化合物,其结构经过核磁共振氢谱 (1H NMR)、碳谱 (13C NMR) 及高分辨质谱 (HR-ESI-MS) 确证。经高效液相色谱 (HPLC) 分析显示,Z-构型中间体化合物 6 在酸性条件下会发生氮质子化开环再环化,转化为E-构型化合物 7 。离体杀菌活性测定结果表明,3-位苄基的引入改善了该类化合物的杀菌活性,其中化合物 (E)-3-苄基-5-(1-(4-甲基-2-氧代-1-氧杂螺[4,5]癸-3-烯-3-基) 亚乙基)-2-(4-甲氧基苯基) 氨基-咪唑啉-4-酮 ( 9c ) 和 (E)-3-苄基-5-(1-(4-甲基-2-氧代-1-氧杂螺[4,5]癸-3-烯-3-基) 亚乙基)-2-(4-氟苯基) 氨基-咪唑啉-4-酮 ( 9h ) 对油菜菌核病菌的EC₅₀ 值分别为14.3和21.1 mg/L。活体杀菌活性测试结果显示,在400 mg/L下化合物 9c 对于黄瓜霜霉病和小麦白粉病的防治效果分别为 80%和85%。     

The algaecidal activity of some substituted 1,3-diphenylureas, 1-phenyl-3-(2-pyridyl)ureas and the corresponding thioureas

Twelve ureas and thioureas with 1,3-diphenyl- and 1-phenyl-3-(2-pyridyl) were tested as potential herbicides in a simple screen against two species of algae Chlorella fusca and Anabaena variabilis. Several were shown to inhibit growth at 100 mg litre^?1 but only 1-[2,4-bis(azidosulphonyl)phenyl]-3-(2-pyridyl)urea and 1,3-bis(4-isopropyl- idenehydrazinosulphonylphenyl)thiourea showed any activity at 1 mg litre^?1. This compares with the well-established urea herbicide diuron which, in identical tests, gives similar inhibition of growth at concentrations as low as 0.01 mg litre^?1.     

1-甲基-3-二氟甲基吡唑酰胺类化合物的合成及抑菌活性

以1-甲基-3-二氟甲基吡唑-4-甲酸为原料,经过1-甲基-3-二氟甲基吡唑-4-甲酰氯与相应的氨基苯并杂环类、芳胺类化合物反应,得到了14个未见文献报道的吡唑-4-甲酰胺类化合物(6a~6g、7a~7g),其结构均通过1H NMR、MS和IR表征。抑菌活性测试结果表明,在100 mg/L下,目标化合物对供试植物病原菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中7a~7g的抑菌活性较高,部分对苹果炭疽病菌的抑制率在90%以上。     

7-(1-酰基哌嗪-4-基)甲基喜树碱衍生物的合成及杀虫活性

以(20S)-喜树碱(CPT)为原料,根据类同合成法和亚结构连接法原理,对CPT的7-C位进行修饰,得到了系列新型7-(1-酰基哌嗪-4-基)甲基喜树碱衍生物(4a~4m),所有衍生物的结构均通过核磁共振氢谱(1H NM R)和液-质联用(LC-M S)等方法确证;并初步测定了其对朱砂叶螨Tetranychus cinnabarinus和松材线虫Bursaphelenchu xylophilus的室内杀虫活性。结果表明:与喜树碱相比,各衍生物均表现出不同程度的杀虫活性,其中化合物7-[1-(4-甲氧基苯酰基)哌嗪-4-基]-甲基喜树碱(4g)和7-(1-环戊酰基哌嗪-4-基)-甲基喜树碱(4j)对朱砂叶螨24 h的半数致死浓度(LC50值)分别为8.10和9.05 mg/L,对松材线虫的LC50值分别为6.34和6.68 mg/L。研究结果可为喜树碱衍生物杀虫活性构效关系研究奠定基础。     

3-二氟甲基-1-甲基吡唑-4-羧酸肟酯衍生物的合成及抑菌活性

为发现具有高抑菌活性的先导化合物,结合本课题组前期研究,设计并合成了18个新型3-二氟甲基-1-甲基吡唑-4-羧酸肟酯衍生物,其结构均经核磁共振氢谱、碳谱及高分辨质谱分析确证,化合物 9g 的单晶衍射结果证明肟酯的构型为E式。离体生物活性测定结果表明,目标化合物在50 μg/mL下对番茄灰霉病菌 Botrytis cinerea、苹果树腐烂病菌Valsa mali 和小麦全蚀病菌Gaeumannomyces graminis均表现出一定的抑制活性,其中化合物 9d 对苹果树腐烂病菌、 9r 对小麦全蚀病菌的EC₅₀值分别为0.89 μg/mL和3.34 μg/mL,表现出比先导化合物 L1 (E-2-氯-6-氟苯甲醛-O-(1-甲基-3-苯基-1H-吡唑-5-羰基)肟)和肟菌酯更优或相似的抑菌活性。     

Antisporulant activity of 8-hydroxyquinoline and its 5- and 6-n-alkyl derivatives against Gloeosporium fructigenum berk

The antisporulant activities of 8-hydroxyquinoline (oxine) and members of the homologous 5- and 6-n-alkyloxine series against Gloeosporium fructigenum at varying ambient pH values and in the presence or absence of added Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Fe²⁺ are described. Whilst changes in the pH value only influenced the antisporulant activity of oxine at low concentrations, lowering the ambient pH increased considerably the activities of the 5- and 6-alkyl isomers at all concentrations. Below pH 7.0 the addition of these ions to the oxines resulted in decreased antisporulant activity (Fe²⁺ > Zn²⁺ > Cu²⁺) whereas, at pH 8.0, the addition of Cu²⁺ increased the activity of some oxines. It is suggested that at low pH (3.2) the oxine cation is an important toxicant.     

Insecticidal activity of the pyrethrins and related compounds. Part XI. Relative potencies of isomeric cyano-substituted 3-phenoxybenzyl esters

The insecticidal activities to Musca domestica L. and Phaedon cochleariae Fab. of a series of 3-phenoxybenzyl pyrethroid esters with a cyano substituent at the 2-, 6-. (R)-α-, or (S)-α-position are compared with those of the unsubstituted analogues. Only an (S)-α-substituent enhances activity; others diminish or almost eliminate it. (RS)-α-mixtures are generally less active than would be predicted from the potencies of their separate constituents.