黑莓试管苗叶片植株的再生

以黑莓带芽茎段试管苗叶片为外植体,诱导形成不定芽并进一步形成再生植株。在MS+TDZ2.0mg/L的培养基中叶片不定芽最高分化频率达93.7%(6.52不定芽/外植体),在不定芽伸长培养基BA0.5mg/L上,分化完全的不定芽能够长大伸长,当其高度达到4cm时,切下转接于IBA为0.3mg/L培养基上诱导生根,生根率100%。     

Detached Cane Assay of Resistance to Botryosphaeria Cane Canker (Botryosphaeria dothidea) in Eastern U.S. Blackberry Genotypes

Abstract

Resistance to Botryosphaeria cane canker in blackberry (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson) was studied in eleven cultivars (‘Apache’, ‘Arapaho’, ‘Chester Thornless’, ‘Chickasaw’, ‘Illini Hardy’, ‘Kiowa’, ‘Navaho’, ‘Ouachita’, ‘Prime-Jim?’, ‘Shawnee’ and ‘Triple Crown’) using a detached cane assay. Ends of stem segments were sealed with wax and wound-inoculated using squares of media with mycelium. Segments were kept in humid containers on a lab bench and reaction was evaluated ten days after inoculation by measuring the area of the resulting lesion. ‘Chicaksaw’ was found to be the most susceptible by this assay, while ‘Arapaho’ and ‘Triple Crown’ were found to be the most resistant.     

遮荫对美国黑莓生长及光合特性的影响

 在全光照和透光率50%、25%、13% 4种条件下, 对美国黑莓‘赫尔’耐荫及光合特性进行研究, 结果表明: 全光处理的净光合速率日变化为双峰曲线, 高峰出现在9时和13时, 有“午休”现象;遮荫处理的净光合速率日变化为单峰曲线, 高峰在11时; 透光率50%时生长正常, 叶片厚度、栅栏组织、海绵组织、比叶鲜样质量、比叶干样质量、单果质量、果实可溶性固形物与全光照处理差异不显著, 叶绿素含量显著高于全光处理; 透光率在25%以下, 新梢徒长, 叶片发黄, 生长不良, 无花芽形成。表明美国黑莓具有一定的耐荫性, 适度遮荫利于美国黑莓生长发育。     

不同氮磷钾配比对新川中岛桃营养生长及果实产量和质量的影响

连续3a(2007～2009)进行氮磷钾肥配比对新川中岛桃营养生长及果实产量和质量影响试验。结果表明:不同氮磷钾肥配比对新川中岛桃的营养生长和产量和质量等方面的反应效果不同,在5个处理中,前4个处理的效果与对照处理之间存在显著差异水平,其中处理1的效果最好,其次是处理2的效果,都显著优于其它处理的效果,即用N∶P2O5∶K2O比例以10.0∶11.0∶20.0的效果最好;施肥时期选择在4月中旬有利于树体枝梢伸长生长和加粗生长,选择在4月下旬有利于提高果实产量和质量。     

树莓部分野生种及栽培品种花粉亚显微形态的比较

用扫描电镜对树莓属有育种潜力的分属于空心莓组和木莓组8个野生种及从国外引进的分属于黑莓种群和树莓种群的17个栽培品种共25份材料的花粉形态进行了系统观察和比较分析。 结果表明：所观察树莓花粉均为长球形或超长球形（P/E为1.67~2.26）,大小多为25.52 μm × 15.37 μm ~50.06 μm × 25.65 μm。花粉外壁纹饰在组内和栽培种群内有一定的相似性,但同时变异丰富,在不同种之间、甚至在不同品种之间区别明显。空心莓组的5个种和树莓种群的品种的外壁纹饰以条纹—穿孔状为主,黑莓种群的品种主为条纹状和条纹—穿孔状,与木莓组的3个种的差异较大。聚类分析结果表明,花粉大小和外壁纹饰特征可基本反映树莓属下组及栽培种群的划分,树莓种群品种与空心莓组的插田泡和茅莓的亲缘关系较近;而黑莓种群与木莓组的3个有果用育种潜力的任一种的亲缘关系较远。     

Fruit characteristics of fig cultivars and genotypes grown in Turkey

In this study, fruit quality characteristics of some cultivars and types of fig (Ficus carica L.) were determined in Dortyol, Hatay, Turkey, which has a Mediterranean climate. The main fig cultivars grown in Turkey (‘Sarilop’, ‘Bursa Siyahi’, ‘Goklop’, ‘Yediveren’, ‘Yesilguz’, ‘Morguz’, ‘Sari Zeybek’, and ‘Ufak Yesil’) were evaluated along with 24 selections from a larger collection from the Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Several pomological characteristics of the genotypes were determined on 5-year-old trees during the 2001 and 2002 growing season. Averaged over the 2 years, fruit weight ranged between 22 and 52 g, total soluble solids content (TSS) ranged between 20.1 and 27.4%, and acidity ranged between 0.09 and 0.26%. ‘Bursa Siyahi’, ‘Goklop’, 31-IN-17, 31-IN-11 and 31-IN-09 produced the largest fruits in terms of fruit weight and dimensions. 31-IN-01, 31-IN-02, ‘Yesilguz’, ‘Morguz’ and ‘Ufak Yesil’ had the highest TSS. ‘Yediveren’, ‘Goklop’, ‘Bursa Siyahi’ and 31-IN-16 scored the highest in overall quality according to the weighted ranked method. Based on the results obtained ‘Yediveren’, ‘Goklop’ and 31-IN-16 could be alternatives to ‘Bursa Siyahi’, currently the most favored fresh table fig cultivar. These alternatives appear to have potential for both local consumption and export markets. Our results also indicate extensive diversity among Turkish figs permitting marketing of a broad range of fresh fig traits.     

贵州中部地区苹果的光合特性及其对产量和品质的影响

以贵州中部地区4年生‘红富士’和‘皇家嘎啦’苹果品种为试材,探索了树冠不同层次、部位叶片的光合特性、影响光合速率（Pn）的主要环境因子及Pn与产量和品质的关系。结果表明,‘红富士’的光合能力（14.87 μmol · m-2 · s-1）强于‘皇家嘎啦’（13.57 μmol · m-2 · s-1）;两品种的Pn日变化曲线均呈双峰型,出现午休现象,其主要成因为中午的高光强（PAR）及气孔导度（Gs）下降;Pn受PAR影响最大,叶温（Tl）次之,而大气相对湿度（RH）和空气CO2浓度影响不大;树冠的PAR及Pn对果实产量及外观有重大影响,单果质量、可溶性糖含量、糖酸比等品质指标与PAR及Pn呈显著正相关,而PAR及Pn对维生素C含量的作用不明显。     

不同整枝方式对贝贝南瓜生长、果实特性及产量的影响

为提高贝贝南瓜的种植水平和种植效益,筛选适宜的整枝方式,以不整枝栽培为对照,研究了单蔓、双蔓、三蔓整枝方式对贝贝南瓜的品质及产量的影响。结果表明：采用双蔓整枝、三蔓整枝方式比对照分别提早采收4、3 d,叶片浓绿,长势较好,病虫害发生较少,第1雌花节位低,分别在7.3、7.4节,坐果率分别为97.00%、95.83%,果型大小均匀,平均单果质量分别为0.40、0.38 kg。双蔓整枝方式667 m²产量可达2 502.06 kg,三蔓整枝方式次之,为2 467.5 kg,分别较对照显著提高58.2%、44.1%。生产中建议贝贝南瓜选择双蔓整枝方式为最佳,可促进南瓜早熟,提高坐果率,降低畸形果率,提高产量;三蔓枝可备选。     

山葡萄不同株行距和架式对果实品质和产量的影响

以新品种‘北冰红’、品系‘2001-1-135'和‘98-8-165’为试材,研究了株距0.5、0.75、1.0、1.5m,行距2.5、3.0m,不同株行距和架式组合试验对葡萄品质和产量的影响.结果表明:篱架株行距(0.5～0.75)m×2.5m和小棚架0.5m×3.0m,建园密度大,通风透光差,植株感霜霉病害较重,导致第2年植株萌芽率和坐果率低而大幅度减产.小棚架株行距1.0m×3.0m单株保留2个主蔓和1.5m×3.0m单株保留3个主蔓,分别需5a和6a进入盛果期,表现植株感染霜霉病轻、坐果率、果实含糖高、产量低.株行距0.75 m×3.0m单株保留1个主蔓的小棚架,始花期早,4a生树可进入盛果期,表现产量最高,果实品质好,1.0m×2.5m单株保留2个主蔓的篱架产量较高,这2种架式和株行距表现试验当年和试验第2年稳产.通过试验结果确定,新品种‘北冰红’、品系‘2001-1-135'和‘98-8-165'建园适宜的株行距和架式是:0.75m×3.0m的小棚架和1.0m×2.5m的篱架.     

中国树莓属植物多样性及品种选育研究进展

 综合有关文献, 介绍了已报道的中国树莓属植物种质资源201种98变种的地理分布和野生种与栽培种群的分类, 列表比较了可作为树莓类果树选育种的优良野生种质中35个种和4个变种的主要特性, 重点论述了用孢粉学、细胞遗传学和分子生物学等方法对树莓属植物遗传多样性的研究概况、国外对树莓资源的利用与我国对树莓资源的引种和品种选育进展, 并结合存在的问题对今后研究的重点提出了几点建议。     

Pomological Characteristics of Some Autochthonous Genotypes of Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.) in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) is a perennial deciduous shrub, widespread in forest populations in Southeast Europe with tolerance against some pests and diseases and rich in nutrients such as organic acids, carotenoids, anthocyanins, polyphenols, vitamin C and vitamin E. The aim of this paper was to determine basic pomological and technological characteristics of Cornelian cherry using three forest populations at Visegrad, Gorazde and Drvar in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the two years, 2010 and 2011. The Cornelian cherries weighted from 1.8 g (Gorazde in 2011) to 2.6 g per fruit (Drvar in 2010), did not ripen homogenously on a tree as shown by the large variation in their red colour CIE- a values of between 7.5 (Drvar), 14.2 (Gorazde) and 18.3 (Visegrad) and soluble solids between 16.1 (Visegrad) and 17.6?% (Gorazde). The most abundant organic acid in Cornelian cherry was malic acid with 35–43 g kg^?1 FM, followed by tartaric (1.1–2.8 g kg^?1 FM) and citric acid (0.1–1.8 g kg^?1 FM) and smaller amounts of quinic, shikimic and fumaric acid below 0.05 g kg^?1 FM each, resulting in sugar:acid ratios of 3.3:4.7 and slightly acidic or bitter flavour. The concentration of the phenolic compounds of the Cornelian cherry fruits, as determined by HPLC-MS, was influenced by the growing region with large concentrations of the anthocyanin procyanidin B1 (0.7–0.9 g kg^?1 FM) and B2 (0.1–0.2 g kg^?1 FM) and the peonidin 3-glucoside (0.2–0.7 g kg^?1 FM) and the flavonol quercetin 3-O-robinobioside (1.8–2.6 mg kg^?1 FM), which is larger than in many sweet and sour cherries, raspberry, red current and gooseberry.     

氮素营养对番茄生长发育及产量的影响

主要研究了0、100、300、500 kg·hm-24种氮素营养水平下,不同品种番茄生长发育以及产量的差异变化.在300 kg·hm-2的氮营养水平下,番茄叶霉病发病率最低,净光合速率、气孔导度均达最大值,产量最高;果实中硝酸盐含量随着施氮量的增加逐渐增高,糖酸比随施氮量的增加而降低.佳粉30和圣女在不同氮营养条件下的响应基本一致.     

日光温室高品质中果型番茄品种筛选

为筛选日光温室高品质番茄品种,对较受欢迎的13个中果型粉果番茄品种进行筛选试验,从番茄果实性状、产量、品质及根结线虫病抗性等方面进行分析。结果表明：13个番茄品种在产量、品质和根结线虫病抗性方面均存在差异,其中金粉9号和金秋1号的产量、维生素C含量、可溶性糖含量、总酸含量均高于对照品种,分别较对照增产14.36%和11.23%;金粉9号和金秋1号抗病性好于对照,根结线虫病病情指数分别为10.00和9.26,均较对照显著降低。综合产量、品质和抗性指标,金粉9号和金秋1号表现较好,在今后试验中可以尝试示范推广。     

Effect of Hydrogen Cyanamide on Vegetative Growth,Yield, and Fruit Quality of Fig cv. Zidi in a Warm Production Area

The fig tree (Ficus carica L.) is widely cultivated in the Mediterranean region under warm climates. Fig yield is governed by the previous crop load and is strongly dependent on shoot length. Special cultural practices are required to stimulate new vegetative growth that will ensure regular and high productivity. The present study focused on the use of the rest breaking agent hydrogen cyanamide (HC) as Dormex to enhance vegetative growth, which influences the yield. A field trial was held in northern Tunisia (36° 49′ N; 9° 48′ E) on mature fig trees cv. Zidi. In reference to untreated trees as control, two hydrogen cyanamide treatments at 1% and 1.5% HC were considered. Bud break rate, vegetative growth, starch content of shoots, yield, and fruit characteristics were assessed. Results indicated that 1.5% HC significantly increased shoot length, fruit number per shoot, and yield. It advanced bud break by 10 days and fruit ripening by 7 days compared to the control. However, leaf number, leaf area, and starch content seem to be unaffected by hydrogen cyanamide treatments. Regarding fruit quality, a 1.5% HC dose significantly increased dry matter content, while fruit diameter and total soluble solids remain unaffected. In conclusion, hydrogen cyanamide could be used under warm conditions to improve vegetative growth of fig trees cv. Zidi and consequently fig productivity. Application of 1.5% HC 40 days before bud break was the most effective in increasing shoot length and yield.     

丰水梨棚架与疏散分层冠层结构特点及产量品质的比较

以丰水梨棚架形与疏散分层形树形为试材,应用WinSCANOPY2005a冠层分析仪比较研究了两种树形的冠层结构特点、产量、品质差异及其相关性,结果表明：棚架形平均叶倾角、冠层开度,冠下直射、散射及总光量子通量密度显著或极显著高于疏散分层形,而叶面积系数极显著低于疏散分层形。棚架形梨果实单果质量、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、糖酸比显著高于疏散分层形,分别高出23.59%、9.70%、11.25% 和29.08%,而产量、可滴定酸和石细胞含量均显著低于疏散分层形,分别低17.80%、13.45% 和30.43%。棚架形树冠不同部位梨果实品质一致性优于疏层分层形,冠层开度大、冠层总光量子通量密度高、结果枝条粗壮是棚架梨品质优的主要原因,而枝条总体积和叶面积系数小可能是棚架形梨产量偏低的直接原因。冠层特征参数与产量、品质指标存在显著相关性,其中冠层开度与可溶性固形物极显著正相关 (r = 0.9820**),与可滴定酸呈极显著负相关 ( r = - 0.9485**)。冠层分析仪的应用可望成为梨树形研究的新方法。     

不同整枝方式对秋季厚皮甜瓜品质、产量和延缓植株早衰的影响

以厚皮甜瓜"玉菇"、"翠雪5号"、"夏蜜"为试材,研究了不同整枝方式对秋茬厚皮甜瓜品质、产量及延缓植株早衰的影响。结果表明:打顶后留1~2个侧枝并不影响甜瓜植株的生长发育、果实性状和果实品质,反而能延长功能叶片的寿命,合成更多的光合产物,较好地平衡了地上部分与地下部分的生长关系,延缓植株早衰,提高维生素和部分甜瓜品种的可溶性固形物含量。     

山葡萄结果枝不同时期摘心对果实品质和产量的影响

以酿造冰红山葡萄酒新品种"北冰红"及酿造干红山葡萄酒新品系94-7-759、8-8-168、2001-6-135为试材,进行结果枝不同时期摘心试验。结果表明:留1~2片叶摘心,由于摘心强度大,4个品种(品系)均表现果实成熟度差、坐果率、果穗重、果实含糖量、出汁率和产量低,果粒重、果实总酸含量、"青绿粒"和冬芽萌发率高。留6~7片叶摘心,坐果率、产量和总酸较高,果粒重、含糖量和出汁率偏低、果穗松散,而且增加夏季修剪的用工量。留3~5片叶摘心,果穗重、含糖量和出汁率高,总酸含量低,坐果率和产量中等。特别是留4片叶摘心,表现果穗大、果穗上"青绿粒"少、结果枝冬芽末萌发,果实总酸含量低、含糖量和出汁率高。4个品种(品系)适宜摘心保留叶片数量是在结果枝最上端一个花序留4片叶摘心。     

几种砧木对哈姆林甜橙植株生长、产量及果实品质的影响

以7种不同砧木的8年生哈姆林甜橙为试材,对植株营养生长、产量和果实品质进行了比较。结果表明,不同砧木对哈姆林甜橙生长和产量有不同影响,其中以卡里佐枳橙为砧的植株树冠体积最大,以光皮酸橘、枸头橙和李齐16-6枳为砧的植株树冠体积较小,单位树冠体积产量以光皮酸橘为砧的植株最高,单株挂果数则以李齐16-6枳和卡里佐枳橙为砧的最多。不同砧木对果实品质有显著影响,其中以光皮酸橘为砧的果实体积和单果质量最大,以兰普来檬为砧的果汁含量最高,以李齐16-6枳和卡里佐枳橙为砧的果实可溶性固形物(TSS)含量最高,以李齐16-6枳为砧的果实可滴定酸含量亦最高,而李齐16-6枳和兰普来檬为砧的果实维生素C含量最高。从外观品质看,枸头橙为砧的果实油斑病发生程度最高。综合评价认为,以卡里佐枳橙、李齐16-6枳为砧的单株具产量高、果汁TSS含量高和风味浓郁等优点,是哈姆林甜橙较为理想的砧木。     

高寒地区日光温室不同番茄品种产量和品质的比较

以18个大果型番茄品种为试材,春季在青海乐都区日光温室栽培,通过测定各番茄品种产量和品质,并利用层次分析方法评价各番茄品种口感、品质(可溶性固形物、有机酸及糖酸比)和营养品质(维生素C、可溶性蛋白质及还原糖)的综合表现。结果表明:在青海乐都区日光温室栽培条件下,“德赛圣帝“番茄产量最高,“神箭爱粉一号”最低;可溶性固形物含量最高的是“黑士”,最低的是“德赛0216”;有机酸含量最高的是“黑士”和“改良超级粉娜”,“世纪粉冠王”和“德赛0216”最低;维生素C含量最高的是“世纪粉冠王”,最低的是“抗TY”;可溶性蛋白质含量最高的是“黑士”,最低的是“奥特福农”;还原糖含量最高的是“黑士”,“德赛硬粉“最低。利用层次分析方法评价各番茄品种口感、品质(可溶性固形物、有机酸及糖酸比)和营养品质(维生素C、可溶性蛋白质及还原糖)的综合表现,品质综合评价分析结果为“德赛圣帝”>“德赛裕宝”>“德赛超冠”>“德赛硬粉”>“德赛0801”>“德赛0216”>“金帝”>“改良超级粉娜”>“德赛明珠”>“奥特福农”>“精选世纪粉冠王”>“抗TY”>“黑士”>“世纪粉冠王二号”>“奥粉一号”>“粉果硬石头”>“世纪粉冠王”>“神箭爱粉一号“;品质与产量综合得分分析结果为“德赛圣地”>“德赛裕宝”>“德赛超冠”>“德赛硬粉”>“德赛0801”>“德赛0216”>“金帝”>“改良超级粉娜”>“德赛明珠”>“奥特福农”>“精选世纪粉冠王”>“抗TY”>“黑士”>“世纪粉冠王二号”>“奥粉一号”>“粉果硬石头”>“世纪粉冠王”>“神箭爱粉一号“。“德赛圣地“和“德赛裕宝“产量和品质综合评分高,适宜在青海省乐都区等高寒地区日光温室推广种植。