Highbush Blueberry Cultivar Trial in Ontario,Canada

ABSTRACT

A replicated trial of eleven cultivars was planted at Simcoe, Ontario in 1991. Plants were first harvested in 1994. After eight harvest seasons, ‘Bluegold’ was the highest yielding cultivar, averaging 6.8 t/ha, and ‘Toro’ had the largest berries, averaging 1.81 g per berry. ‘Bluetta’ was the earliest cultivar with on average 50% of its yield picked by 16 July and ‘Elliott’ the latest, with on average 50% of its yield picked by 27 August. Overall, ‘Duke’ proved to have the best combination of characteristics of the early cultivars, and ‘Nelson’ was the most impressive late cultivar.     

高丛越橘果实香气成分的GC/MS分析

 采用静态顶空和气相色谱-质谱联用技术,以早、中、晚熟高丛越橘品种为材料,研究了高丛越橘果实香气成分。结果表明：高丛越橘挥发性物质以醇类、酯类、萜类物质为主。共检测出67种挥发性成分,品种间具有较大差异,其中都克检测出16种,蓝乐17种,蓝丰27种,泽西13种,埃利奥特26种,达柔25种。都克特征香气成分为丁酸乙酯、大马酮、2-甲基丁酸乙酯、D-柠檬烯和2-丁酮。蓝乐特征香气成分为2-甲基丁酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯和乙酸丁酯。蓝丰特征香气成分为2-甲基丁酸乙酯、乙酸-(E)-3-己烯酯、β-芳樟醇、丁酸乙酯、乙酸己酯、(E)-2-己烯醛和(Z)-3-己烯-1-醇。泽西特征香气成分为紫罗兰酮、2-甲基丁酸乙酯和丁酸乙酯。埃利奥特特征香气成分为乙酸己酯、β-芳樟醇、D-柠檬烯和己醛。达柔特征香气成分为丁酸乙酯、乙酸己酯、D-柠檬烯和β-芳樟醇。这些特征香气物质相互作用构成了高丛越橘品种特有的风味。     

Cultural Variation and Mycorrhizal Status of Blueberry Plants in NW Oregon Commercial Production Fields

ABSTRACT

Ericoid mycorrhizal fungi (EMF) form symbiotic relationships with roots of blueberry plants providing increased access to nutrients from fertilizers and soil. In August of 2001, we sampled 55 fields in Oregon to assess the mycorrhizal status of blueberry plants under production conditions and to determine whether any relationships exist between field characteristics, root distribution, soil characteristics and level of colonization by mycorrhizal fungi. Variation in measured soil characteristics, root type, root distribution and mycorrhizal colonization occurred with cultivar, field age, bed type, rate of nitrogen fertilization, irrigation type, and mulch. Root biomass was lower in the upper 15 cm of soil compared to 15-30 cm depth. Distribution of roots between the two sampled depths varied significantly with field age, nitrogen fertilization rate, and the time of 50% harvest for the different cultivars sampled. Root length was generally greatest in the upper 15 cm of the soil than at the 15-30 cm depth. Root colonization by ericoid mycorrhizal fungi (EMF) ranged from 0.5 to 44% of total root length with higher colonization generally occurring in the upper 15 cm of the soil where the majority of smaller, finer roots were found. Colonization generally increased with increasing plant age. In young plants the highest levels of colonization were found in roots from the upper 15 cm of soil while in older plants the highest levels of colonization were found in roots at the 15-30 cm depth. Colonization of roots by EMF in the upper 15 cm of the soil tended to decrease with increasing N fertilization rate, while root colonization at the 15-30 cm depth was unaffected by rate of N fertilization. Roots on cultivars that fruited early in the season tended to have higher levels of colonization than cultivars that fruited later in the growing season. Root biomass and root length were negatively correlated with soil pH and available Ca in soil, while root colonization by EMF was negatively correlated with ammonium levels in the soil. Differences in soil characteristics, root type and distribution, and mycorrhizal colonization found in this study need to be investigated in terms of production efficiency of blueberry in Oregon.     

越橘FWL/PLAC8家族基因特征及表达分析

以高丛越橘(Vaccinium corymbosum)大果型品种‘奥尼尔’和小果型品种‘蓝雨’为试材,测定花芽膨大与果实发育期间生长曲线及成熟果实的部分生理指标;开展包含PLAC8保守结构域的FWL(fruit weight like)基因全基因组鉴定与序列分析,并应用实时荧光定量PCR法检测VcFWL/PLAC8基因亚家族成员在花芽膨大与果实发育进程中的相对表达水平。结果表明:‘奥尼尔’果实单果质量与横径自S2期起均显著高于‘蓝雨’,其成熟果实中心室数、单果种子数及种子质量也显著高于‘蓝雨’果实。越橘VcFWL/PLAC8家族包含11个成员,分布于10条染色体上,结构分析显示这些基因均包含2～3个外显子。大部分VcFWL/PLAC8基因包含高度保守的结构域,聚类分析可将其分为3个亚家族,其中B和C亚家族成员间高度保守。qPCR分析表明A与C亚家族基因的表达模式和越橘花芽与果实发育进程中细胞增殖趋势一致,B亚家族基因的表达丰度较低,推测VcFWL/PLAC8基因可能通过不同的机制和途径参与调控果实的生长发育。     

LED补光组合对大棚越橘生长发育的影响

以2年生南高丛越橘‘Emerald’为材料,以大棚内自然光作为对照,研究LED光源的红蓝光(3︰1和6︰1)、紫外光(UVA)对植株长势、叶片光合作用、碳氮代谢、开花基因表达及开花率、果实品质的影响。结果表明:红蓝光组合处理下‘Emerald’的植株营养生长较旺盛,株高、1年生枝条长度和粗度显著高于对照。此外,红蓝光(6︰1)处理下叶片的叶绿素相对含量、比叶重和净光合速率均显著提高。红蓝光组合也可诱导植株开花,开花基因FT表达量和开花率明显高于对照。紫外光下叶片的氮含量、开花率及FT基因表达量显著高于对照。不同光质组合补光对‘Emerald’的果实品质有显著影响,红蓝光(3︰1)处理下果实的质量、横纵径、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、花青素含量和糖酸比均高于对照。总之,不同光质补光会促进越橘‘Emerald’的生长发育,红蓝光6︰1组合对促进营养生长作用相对较大,红蓝光3︰1组合对提高果实品质效果较好。紫外光虽能改变植株形态和促进开花,但果实品质提高效果较红蓝光处理稍弱。     

十个半高丛越橘品种在山东的试验评价

以10个半高丛越橘为试材,研究评价了树体性状、果实外观性状、果实内在品质和丰产性等指标.结果表明:北极星、瑞蓝、北青、慧蓝和北陆等5个品种在山东地区栽培反应良好,有待于进一步示范推广试验.奇伯瓦属于高产不优品种,建议用其作为亲本进行杂交育种.其余4个品种属于优质低产型,不适宜山东地区栽培推广,可以考虑引种至其他区域进行栽培试验研究,以期筛选出更多适合栽培的优良品种.