抗虫棉抗虫、丰产及气候适应性的试验

本文通过田间小区试验，用平行观测对比的方法，评价了Ｒ９３一４、Ｒ９３一２两个抗虫棉品种在抗虫、丰产及气候适应三方面的作用。结果表明，这两个品种表现出明显的抗虫性，良好的丰产性，较强的气候适应性，经济效益显著。     

抗虫棉在山西的试种情况与栽培技术

抗虫棉在山西的试种情况与栽培技术郭秦生山西省运城地区种子站０４４０００１抗虫棉的主要特点通过试种示范，直接观察、田间调查、抗虫棉有以下主要特点：１．１　抗虫性明显。７月１５日调查结果：经过治虫的，抗虫棉比非抗虫锦蕾铃为害率低７．５％～８．３％，伏前桃...     

转基因抗虫杂交棉F2代在生产上的应用前景分析

将不同来源的转Bt基因抗虫棉与常规品种杂交，比较杂种一代和杂种二代的竞争优势和抗虫性，结果表明，转基因抗虫杂交棉F2代，不仅具有一定的竞争优势，且抗虫性较好，在生产上有利用价值；同时，为了获得F2代优势强、抗性好的组合，要选择高产母本和高抗虫父本。本研究中组合1、组合2的产量和抗虫性均较理想。     

中熟转Bt基因抗虫棉中棉所32试种初报

周口地区是河南省主要棉区之一，近年来受棉铃虫为害严重。１９９８年，我们引进中棉所３２转Ｂｔ基因抗虫棉品种进行试验观察。试验采取大区试种对比的方法进行比较，对照品种为ＣＫ１豫２０６７、ＣＫ２中棉所１９。结果表明，中棉所３２具有抗虫性强、抗病性好、产量高、品质好等特点，是较好的抗虫棉品种。１　抗虫效果于棉铃虫发生高峰期的７月２３日进行田间调查，中棉所３２每百株落卵量１１８粒，豫２０６７百株落卵量１１６．３粒，中棉所１９百株落卵量１１５．２粒，差别不大。７月２８日用药前田间调查，中棉所３２百株虫量为１…     

抗虫杂交棉的选育与利用研究

抗虫杂交棉是以丰产、抗病、综合性状好的品种为母本，以抗棉铃虫Ｂｔ转基因棉为父本，其杂种一代既继承了母本的丰产性，又继承了父本的抗虫性，且杂种优势明显。杂种二代抗虫个体和非抗虫个体分离比例为３∶１，回交一代的分离比例为１∶１，表现单基因显性遗传；叶色深浅与抗虫性有关，一般表现叶绿素含量高，叶色较深，抗虫效果好。抗虫杂交棉是综合治理棉铃虫最为经济有效的措施之一。     

苏北沿海棉区抗虫棉主要害虫的发生规律研究

在江苏沿海棉区相关市（县）进行了抗虫棉中29抗虫性对比试验，结果表明：（1）抗虫棉田间各代次棉铃虫落卵量与常规棉无差异；（2）抗虫棉对2代棉铃虫幼虫的抗性明显，但其对3、4代棉铃虫的控制作用显著下降；（3）抗虫棉除对棉铃虫有抗性以外，还对玉米螟、造桥虫等鳞翅目幼虫有一定的兼抗作用；（4）抗虫棉对棉蚜、红蜘蛛、盲蝽象等刺及口器害虫没有抗性。     

转Bt基因抗虫棉在新疆棉田害虫防治中的作用、存在问题及几点建议

种植转Bt基因抗虫棉(简称转基因棉)不仅能有效控制棉铃虫的危害,而且减少了农药使用对环境的污染,对保护棉田天敌、保护生态平衡具有积极作用,因而,转Bt基因抗虫棉在棉田害虫的综合防治中具有极大的使用价值.由于目前转基因抗虫棉还存在着抗虫范围窄,抗虫强度差,抗虫性的时空差异性及持久性等问题,我们提出筛选广谱性抗虫基因,培育转多基因抗虫棉;综合运用多种措施,避免或延缓抗虫棉抗虫性减弱;搞好转基因抗虫棉后期棉铃虫防治及棉田其它害虫的防治工作;组建实施适于新疆棉区的Bt棉IPM体系等建议.     

江西省2003年棉花新品种生产比较试验研究

本研究通过13个品种分抗虫棉和常规棉两种类型的江西省棉花新品种生产比较试验。比较分析得出丰产性和抗虫性好的抗虫品种依次为赣棉抗3、泗抗3号和悬抗杂3号；常规棉为赣47系和赣棉11号。纤维品质较好的品种要数常规棉红鹤1号、泗棉119和赣棉11号；抗虫棉中KM-3、慈抗3号和中KM-1。从而为专家决策和江西省翌年品种定向提供参考依据。     

双价抗虫棉对棉铃虫的抗性测定

1999～2000年,对双价转基因抗虫棉石远321的抗虫性进行了室内外试验,结果表明,双价抗虫棉与单价抗虫棉一样具有高效杀虫效果。但是,双价抗虫棉对大龄幼虫的生育阻碍,致死作用速度以及田间保蕾效果明显高于单价抗虫棉,这对防止棉铃虫对转Bt基因抗虫棉过早产生抗性具有实际意义。     

抗虫棉在新疆的应用表现和存在问题

近年来 Bt转基因抗虫棉 (简称抗虫棉 )在新疆种植的总体表现状况良好。抗虫棉可减少防治棉铃虫农药和人工的投入 ,减轻人畜中毒和环境污染 ,在棉铃虫重发区种植具有抗虫、增产、节本、增效的积极作用 ,但在生产应用中也存在一些问题应引起我们足够的重视。1抗虫棉在生产上的表现在新疆棉铃虫发生重的地区种植抗虫棉 ,其抗虫性表现良好 ,抗虫能力均在 80 %以上。抗虫棉田二代棉铃虫发生时期一般不需药剂防治。由于棉花生育后期抗虫棉抗虫性有所下降 ,当三、四代棉铃虫严重发生时 ,个别虫量大 ,受害重的棉田还需药剂防治 1次。据调查 ,抗虫棉…     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.