Cadastral valuation of lands polluted with radionuclides

The major method to correct the cadastral value of land for contamination with radionuclides is to reduce it by the sum of expenses necessary for land remediation and for special measures ensuring the obtaining of agricultural and forestry products satisfying safety norms. Lands contaminated with radionuclides and used in agriculture and forestry are often removed from the system of land taxation. In this case, their cadastral value becomes an excessive element of the state cadaster of real estate. An approach toward cadastral valuation of such lands suggested by the authors assumes the creation of a system of compensation payments as the main source of financing of land rehabilitation and soil conservation measures. An original system of calculation of such payments has been tested for radioactively contaminated lands in Plavsk district of Tula oblast. It is argued that compensation payments for radioactively contaminated agrocenoses should be higher than those for natural cenoses.     

Assessing risks to groundwater from contaminated soils

Abstract. The regulatory regime for contaminated soils and groundwater in the UK is risk based. Indeed, the definition of contaminated land in UK law requires the presence, or likelihood, of significant pollution or harm before affected land meets the statutory test of being contaminated land. In dealing with contamination, a risk management approach is used that also requires the consideration of wider land-use planning priorities, the costs and benefits of remedial action, and the goal of achieving sustainable development. A parallel risk-based framework is adopted for polluted groundwater. The risk assessment process adopted for contaminated groundwater in the UK follows a tiered structure. A simple conceptual model is developed from desk study and site reconnaissance. This model is then used as the basis for designing a site investigation programme, the sampling being undertaken to test assumptions within the model as well as to develop it further. The Environment Agency (England & Wales) has developed a package of tools to aid this tiered approach. This paper describes the integrated risk assessment and risk management processes for contaminated groundwater in the UK, with emphasis on the tools and methods developed. It explains the importance of a conceptual understanding (or model) to all tiers of risk assessment and subsequent risk management.     

Cadastral valuation of land contaminated with radionuclides

The methodology and procedure for cadastral valuation of land in the areas contaminated with radionuclides are presented. The efficiency of rehabilitation measures applied to decrease crop contamination to the levels satisfying sanitary-hygienic norms is discussed. The differentiation of cadastral value of radioactively contaminated agricultural lands for the particular farms and land plots is suggested. An example of cadastral valuation of agricultural land contaminated during the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident is given. It is shown that the use of sandy and loamy sandy soddy-podzolic soils with the ¹³⁷Cs contamination of 37–185 and >185 kBq/m² for crop growing is unfeasible. The growing of grain crops and potatoes on clay loamy soddy-podzolic soils with the ¹³⁷Cs contamination of 555–740 kBq/m² is unprofitable. The maximum cadastral value of radioactively contaminated lands is typical of leached chernozems.     

The use of alternative techniques for remediation of polluted sites and groundwater in flanders: Plant-based strategies

Conclusion  The results of these field experiments illustrate that the use of plants for risk-management and remediation of contaminated soils and groundwater clearly is promising. But, certainly in case of metal contamination, the long-term duration argues for the incorporation in current practices of land use (agriculture, forestry,...) and landscape management.     

聚氯乙烯行业汞污染场地土壤修复技术研究进展

聚氯乙烯行业将成为我国汞公约履约的最重要领域,相关产业生产、升级、腾退转型导致的汞污染地块潜在数量与风险巨大,需要提前开展相关修复技术储备和工程应用实践研究;通过调研总结我国聚氯乙烯行业产业特点、生产工艺导致的汞污染途径与风险特征,对国内外汞污染地块土壤修复常用的修复技术有固化稳定化、热脱附和土壤淋洗等;从污染源控制、...     

工业污染场地修复技术的筛选——以福建省泉州市某工业污染场地为例

[目的]探究最适合的工业污染场地修复技术,为类似污染场地修复技术的筛选及工程应用提供参考。[方法]以福建省泉州市某工业污染场地为例,结合场地的规划及位置特点总结出修复技术筛选矩阵,采用层次分析法和逼近理想解排序法构建了污染场地修复技术筛选的指标体系进行筛选。[结果]该方法筛选结果与研究场地的实际筛选结果相符。结合场地的规划及所处位置特点场地特点构建的筛选矩阵更能反映出场地的实际需求,同时层次分析法(AHP)和逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS)结合运用于修复技术筛选,既可以克服层次分析法在不易定量化指标上的主观性,又可以避免逼近理想解排序法对评价指标权重的忽视。[结论]采用层次分析法和逼近理想解排序法可有效筛选最优的污染场地修复技术。     

蚯蚓在土壤重金属污染及其修复中的应用研究进展

蚯蚓作为主要的大型土壤动物类群,对土壤环境改善起到了重要的作用,本文在系统分析、归纳总结国内外相关领域研究成果的基础上,综述了蚯蚓在土壤重金属污染及其修复中的应用研究进展,主要包括:蚯蚓作为土壤重金属污染的指示生物,蚯蚓对重金属的富集与释放,重金属对蚯蚓生理生态的影响研究,蚯蚓在土壤重金属污染修复中的作用机制,蚯蚓与植物、微生物的协同作用,以及蚯蚓粪作为重金属污染修复剂的潜力分析等.在此基础上,概括提出了蚯蚓在重金属污染土壤修复领域面临的主要问题.     

矿区土地修复与生态恢复

本文在回顾中国矿区土地修复与恢复重建研究工作的历史基础上 ,着重从土壤科学与生态学的角度综述 (1 )矿区土地修复与生态恢复的限制因素 ;(2 )矿区退化土壤的物理和化学修复 ;(3 )矿区金属污染土壤的植物稳定和提取修复 ;(4 )矿区污染土壤的植物 -微生物及动物协同修复 ;(5 )矿区土地修复的技术要求与管理 ;(6)矿区土地修复与生态恢复的未来研究与发展。旨在推动中国矿区土地资源修复与生态环境恢复的理论研究和技术发展。     

高聚物土壤改良剂的研究进展

本文综述了高聚物土壤改良剂的分类及其改良土壤的作用机理 ,以及在提高土壤肥力 ,减少水土流失 ,改良干旱土壤 ,盐碱地和污染土壤的再生等方面的应用     

Behaviour and assessment of bioavailability of organic contaminants in soil: relevance for risk assessment and remediation

Abstract. Soils contaminated with organic chemicals are now widespread in industrialized and developing countries, and the risk assessment and remediation of such contaminated sites is a priority. However, containment and remediation strategies are complicated in many cases by the range of contaminants present and the historical nature of the contamination. Research has increased our understanding of the behaviour of organic contaminants in soil and the factors that control their behaviour. There is a fundamental need to understand and, where possible, quantify the bioavailable fraction as well as the total concentration of contaminant present in soil: the bioavailable fraction is key to toxicity or biodegradation. To quantify these fractions, a large number of techniques have been employed, ranging from organic and aqueous based solvent extractions to the use of biota. Many studies have been carried out investigating the use of chemical techniques to describe bioavailability, which could be used in the assessment and remediation of contaminated land. The aim of this review is to consider the behaviour of organic contaminants in soil, highlighting issues of bioavailability, and then to discuss the relevance of the various methods for assessing risk and potential remediation of organic contaminants in soil.     

基于绿色可持续理念的污染场地修复碳足迹研究进展

污染场地修复工程，以其短期、在较小空间尺度内产生高强度的能源消耗和碳排放而受到广泛关注。在全球环境变化及“双碳”政策背景下，污染场地的绿色可持续修复成为必然趋势。降低污染场地修复工程的碳排放水平，可以为减缓气候变化、实现修复行业的绿色发展提供重要支撑。然而，目前我国污染场地修复行业仍存在碳足迹评估技术研究不充分、绿色可持续修复理念贯彻不深入等问题。本文梳理了污染场地绿色可持续修复的发展历程和存在问题，以修复行为的碳足迹核算为着力点，综述了基于绿色可持续修复理念的碳足迹核算研究进展与案例分析，从场地、区域和宏观的不同尺度层面探究了污染场地修复评估方法体系中碳核算相关工作。在气候变化的全球背景下和“双碳”政策的国家背景下，污染场地碳足迹核算将为我国修复行业实现减污降碳、推进绿色低碳管理提供参考。     

固化/稳定化修复后土壤重金属稳定性及再活化研究进展

固化/稳定化技术是一种经济、有效、快捷的重金属污染主流修复技术,随着我国以风险管控为主导策略的土壤污染防治工作的推进,该技术正发挥着极其重要的作用。固化/稳定化技术处置后土壤中的重金属并未移除,存在再活化的风险。本文对固化/稳定化技术特点、修复效果评估方法、评价标准等进行了系统总结,概述了修复后重金属赋存形态、生物有效性、微观形态等特征,着重阐述了冻融、水环境和酸雨淋溶3类环境胁迫下重金属的再活化行为和影响因素。在此基础上,讨论了当前固化/稳定化修复后土壤和场地环境监管体系构建的现状、不足和发展需求,提出需注重修复后重金属环境行为、再活化定量化等研究方向。     

污染土壤修复基准与标准进展及我国农业环保问题

污染土壤修复基准的研究和相关标准的制定,对于耕地的保护和环境标准的国际接轨具有极其重要的意义。本文从阐述污染土壤修复基准的概念出发,对污染土壤修复基准的国内外研究进展进行了概述;与此同时,还对国际上污染土壤修复/清洁标准的现状进行了分析。最后,从我国农业环保存在的问题出发,对污染土壤修复基准这一重大研究课题进行了展望和呼吁。     

重金属污染土壤的螯合剂诱导植物修复研究进展

植物修复作为一种生态友好型原位绿色修复技术成为重金属污染土壤修复研究的热点。然而,目前最具有推广价值的超积累植物因生物量低、生长缓慢、对重金属的积累具有专一性等缺点,大大限制了植物修复技术在重金属污染尤其是复合重金属污染土壤治理方面的推广应用。利用生长速度快、生物量大的普通植物借助其它技术辅助的联合植物修复便成了有效可行的替代途径和研究焦点。近年来,金属螯合剂诱导的化学-植物联合修复技术备受关注。本文综述了螯合剂诱导植物修复技术的研究进展、修复机理和目前存在的问题,并对该项技术的未来研究方向给予了展望。     

基于AHP筛选的有机污染土联合修复技术案例研究

为了研究联合修复技术在有机物污染场地中的筛选方法以及修复效果，以山西某搬迁遗留场地土壤修复工程为案例，本文提出了采用层次分析法（AHP）对常用的物理、化学、生物修复技术方法进行优选，最终确定“常温解吸+异位热脱附+填埋场覆土利用+水泥窑协同处置”的新联合修复模式，并且研究了该联合修复模式的处理效果及其对环境造成的影响。结果表明，AHP可用于有机污染场地修复最佳方案的筛选；采用该联合修复模式费用低、效果良好且未对周围环境造成影响。可见该联合修复模式能够有效地处理此类型场地污染土体。该修复模式的成功实施为类似污染场地土壤修复项目提供了借鉴和参考价值，并在一定程度上控制了土壤资源的流失。     

江苏省江都市农村居民点整理分区研究

以江苏省江都市为研究区域,从居民点景观布局,整理居民点能力和对居民点整理需求3个方面构建综合评价指标体系.以综合评价结果和人均居民点面积为依据划定整理分区.研究结果表明,江都市农村居民点整理可划分成优先整理区、重点整理A区、重点整理B区、适度整理区与优化调整区.优先整理区农村居民点整理应注重城乡一体化建设,加快城乡统筹发展步伐;重点整理A区应以经济基础为依据,注重农村空间重构;重点整理B区应加强闲置土地整治,且结合小规模迁村并点整理;适度整理区不宜开展大规模整治,应有步骤地对空闲和闲置土地进行整理;优化调整区主要是对居民点内部用地结构作优化,同时控制居民点外延扩张.该研究根据综合评价分值和人均居民点面积两层指标划定居民点整理分区,对制定居民点整理时序和居民点整理内容提供科学依据.     

城市土地置换过程中土壤污染研究进展评述

城市土地置换过程中严重的土壤污染已经成为制约城市地区土地可持续开发利用的主要因素.本文从城市土壤污染的内在机理研究、污染土地风险评价与风险管理研究、土壤污染与土地价值损失风险关系研究、污染土地治理和再开发投融资机制研究4个方面综述了国内外城市土地置换过程中土壤污染研究进展.述评认为土壤污染领域研究已经成为实现城市可持续发展的重要课题,土壤污染的环境管理理论与方法滞后于其他要素的研究,土壤污染风险评价与风险管理已经成为土壤环境管理的重要决策支撑.     

基于风险的石油烃污染土壤环境管理与标准值确立方法

目前我国对石油烃污染土壤的环境监管十分薄弱,环境管理标准的缺位成为制约这类场地评价与修复问题的瓶颈。为此系统分析了国际上尤其是发达国家在石油烃污染土壤的环境管理方法以及标准制修订实践方面的相关动态,并结合评价指标选取、目标风险水平设定、标准取值和标准细分等方面对各相关国家的标准体系进行了比较研究,以期对我国石油烃污染土壤的环境管理与标准制订有所启发。     

Application of a Balanced Scorecard System for Supporting Decision-Making in Contaminated Sites Remediation

This work introduces the development and application of a multi-goal evaluation procedure for assessing sets of remedial options that have previously been found technically suitable for managing a certain contaminated site. The construction of this decision support tool, in the form of a balanced scorecard, has followed a multi-attribute conception of the contaminated sites problem, identifying the most critical aspects considered by all stakeholders involved in contaminated sites management decisions. The developed tool has been checked in its formulation and application against an export benchmark of an Austrian remediation project. The performed evaluation allowed to identify and suggest a remedial option that best fitted the expectations of all stakeholders involved in the project. Furthermore, through the accomplishment of a sensitivity analysis it has been demonstrated that the system is stable and robust in terms of the chosen elicitation schemes, and that the preferences of the different stakeholders are influencing factors on the final result. The results and conclusions of this work present the benefits of implementing the developed balanced scorecard as a tool for supporting decision making in contaminated sites remediation projects.     

钒污染土壤生物修复研究进展

钒污染土壤对生态环境和人体健康存在危害，已成为土壤修复领域关注的热点之一。选取科学合理的修复方法对钒污染土壤进行精准治理十分必要。生物修复技术是钒污染土壤绿色可持续治理的重要发展方向，具有操作简便、环境友好、成本低廉、修复效率较高等优势。本文从植物、动物、微生物单一及联合修复的角度，综述了近年来钒污染土壤生物修复的研究进展，探讨了影响钒污染土壤生物修复效果的主要因素，总结了现阶段的研究不足，并对未来研究方向进行了展望，以期为钒污染土壤生物修复技术的总结与发展应用提供科学依据与理论参考。