两种诱雄剂对黄瓜植株保护酶类活性的影响

通过测定AgNO_3和Ag_2S_2O_3两种诱雄剂对黄瓜雌性系h154,151和普通系h002植株保护酶类活性的影响,结果表明,茎尖中的POD,CAT活性较对照都有所升高,处理48 h时酶活性达到最高,POD活性增幅分别为164-4%,133.5%,241.5%和23.1%,16.5%,57.2%;CAT活性增幅分别为91.3%,95.7%,113.5%和69.6%,64.3%,82.4%。AgNO_3处理黄瓜幼苗后SOD活性先下降,后升高,处理120 h时,SOD活性达到最高,增幅分别为75.3%,65.2%,30.7%和27.2%,36.9%,16.2%。     

温度胁迫对白灵侧耳菌丝保护酶活性的影响

以白灵侧耳(Pleurotus nebrodensis)菌株中农一号(CAAS 1)为试验材料,研究了温度胁迫(4 ℃和35 ℃)对菌丝体内超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)和过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性的影响.结果表明,温度胁迫导致3种保护酶活性均发生显著的变化.SOD活性随温度胁迫时间的延长先急剧升高后下降,在胁迫12 h时均达到最大值(低/高温胁迫分别为46.23 U/g 和50.33 U/g);POD活性呈现先升高后缓慢下降的趋势,在胁迫处理24 h时达到最高值(低/高温胁迫分别为6.86 U/g和7.22 U/g);CAT活性在胁迫处理12 h内迅速上升,之后平稳上升.     

CO_2加富和短期昼间亚高温对温室嫁接黄瓜生长及叶片保护酶系统的影响

为探讨CO_2加富和短期昼间亚高温对温室嫁接黄瓜生长及叶片保护酶系统的影响,以嫁接黄瓜为试材,设置亚高温、CO_2加富+亚高温、CO_2加富+常温和常温(对照)4个处理,测定了处理后黄瓜株高日变化、最大叶面积日变化、瓜长日变化、小区产量和叶片SOD、POD、CAT活性及MDA含量。结果表明,CO_2加富+亚高温处理除瓜长日变化与CO_2加富+常温处理不显著外,各项生长指标均显著高于其他处理;CO_2加富+亚高温处理黄瓜叶片的SOD、POD、CAT活性均呈现上升趋势,到处理15 d时各酶活性均强于其余处理,MDA含量呈下降趋势,到处理15 d时低于其余处理;亚高温处理黄瓜叶片的SOD、POD、CAT活性均呈先增加后减少的变化趋势,MDA含量呈增加趋势;CO_2加富+常温黄瓜叶片的SOD、POD、CAT活性均高于对照、低于亚高温处理。高温季节CO_2加富时给以亚高温管理,可有效减轻黄瓜叶片细胞膜损伤,显著促进黄瓜植株长势、增加产量。     

水分胁迫对马铃薯试管苗抗氧化酶活性的影响

采用聚乙二醇(Polyethylene Glycol-6000)(PEG-6000)模拟根际水分胁迫法,对马铃薯试管苗进行了水分胁迫处理,选用了陇薯3号和大西洋2个品种,设对照(0% PEG)和处理(10% PEG)2个水平,对MDA含量和消除活性氧代谢的保护酶(CAT、POD和SOD)的活性进行了动态变化规律研究.结果表明:经水分胁迫后,马铃薯试管苗叶片MDA含量、CAT、POD和SOD活性上升;再经过一定时间的水分胁迫后,陇薯3号和大西洋叶片MDA含量、CAT、POD和SOD活性分别达到不同峰值,随后各品种活性氧清除酶类SOD、POD和CAT活性及MDA含量开始下降;当解除水分胁迫后,CAT、POD、SOD活性开始上升,MDA含量降低,试验中2个马铃薯品种对水分胁迫敏感程度存在差异.     

硝酸镧对脐橙叶片抗氧化酶活性的影响

为研究稀土元素镧对脐橙叶片抗氧化生理代谢的影响,以2年生纽荷尔脐橙为试验材料,通过叶片喷施浓度为50、150、300 mg/L的硝酸镧溶液,分别于喷施后0、2、4、8、12、24 h采集植株中上部当年生嫩叶,测定超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）和抗坏血酸氧化酶（APX）的活性,为探明稀土元素对脐橙品质形成提供理论依据。结果表明：不同浓度硝酸镧处理后0～24 h,脐橙叶片SOD活性均呈先升高后降低的趋势,浓度为150 mg/L时活性较高;50 mg/L硝酸镧处理能够有效提升叶片POD活性,且促进了活性峰值的提早出现;50 mg/L硝酸镧处理前期可促进CAT活性的升高,而300 mg/L硝酸镧处理后期可促进CAT活性的升高;叶片GR活性得到明显提高,浓度为300 mg/L时活性最高;叶片APX活性受到明显抑制,150 mg/L硝酸镧处理抑制效果更明显。不同处理时间对抗氧化酶活性的影响较大,3个硝酸镧处理的叶片SOD、GR活性均呈先升高后降低的趋势,均在处理后4 h出现活性高峰;而叶片POD、CAT、APX活性高峰各处理表现不同。硝...     

AgNO_3对梨叶片不定梢再生过程中抗氧化酶活性的影响

为探讨AgNO3在离体培养物形态发生中的作用,以金水和金花梨组培苗为外植体,研究了不同质量浓度AgNO3对梨叶片再生不定梢过程中抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,0.1mg/LAgNO3能明显提高金水叶片不定梢再生率和再生数;金花叶片不定梢再生有效促进的AgNO3为0.1～0.5mg/L。经AgNO3处理后,2品种抗氧化物酶活性与对照差异显著。在暗培养期间,叶片中过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性均有较大幅度变化,特别是经0.1mg/LAgNO3处理后,金花叶片中POD活性及金水叶片中CAT活性增幅均高于其余3个处理。叶片中O·2产生速率和H2O2含量也增加但上升幅度不及对照。在进入光培养阶段后,添加适当的AgNO3可提高叶片原有的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)峰值,且H2O2含量和O·2产生速率随之下降,但较高含量AgNO3处理易引起H2O2含量和O·2产生速率回升。虽然品种间抗氧化物酶活性变化不完全一致,但通过比较发现0.1mg/LAgNO3对提高金花和金水叶片抗氧化物酶活性效果最佳。     

赤霉素及硫酸铵对低温条件下榕树幼株生理生化指标的影响

以榕树(Ficus microcorpa)为试材,研究了冬季低温条件下不同浓度赤霉素(GA3)(0、15、150mg/L)和硫酸铵((NH4)2SO4)(0、20、200g/L)处理15、30、45d对活性氧代谢酶系统的愈创木酚过氧化物酶(G-POD)活性、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(ASA-POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和非酶系统丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。结果表明:经GA3和(NH4)2SO4处理后可保持相对较高的抗氧化酶(POD、CAT、SOD)活性,削弱MDA含量的积累。在低温胁迫下随着GA3浓度的增加,POD活性、CAT活性和SOD活性呈先升高后降低的趋势;随(NH4)2SO4浓度的增加,POD活性、CAT活性和SOD活性呈增高的趋势,而MDA含量下降。含200g/L(NH4)2SO4的各处理15d后G-POD活性均表现得极为明显,15mg/L GA3+200g/L(NH4)2SO4处理下,AsA-POD活性均达到最高,15mg/L GA3+200g/L(NH4)2SO4处理30d后SOD活性持续上升并达峰值,15mg/L GA3+20g/L(NH4)2SO4处理15d后达到差异极显著水平(P0.01);受GA3和(NH4)2SO4处理后榕树叶片MDA含量逐渐下降,在处理15d时达到最低;且30d和45d处理后整体MDA含量较15d有所升高。     

铜胁迫对小白菜膜透性及酶活性的影响

试验采用水培的方法,研究小白菜在浓度为5 mg/L的铜胁迫下膜透性和抗氧化酶活性的动态变化。结果表明,铜胁迫5 d时2个小白菜品种细胞膜透性、MDA含量、SOD和POD活性均降低,CAT活性升高。‘上海青’在胁迫15 d时细胞膜透性、MDA含量、SOD和POD活性回升至最高,CAT活性降至最低;‘五月慢’在胁迫15 d时细胞膜透性和MDA含量显著提高,10 d时SOD和POD活性上升至最高,CAT活性降至最低。     

不同栽培畦型对黄瓜生理特性、产量及品质的影响

为研究不同栽培畦类型对黄瓜生理特性、产量及品质的影响,设置高畦、平畦和垄作3种不同类型,以比较不同栽培畦下黄瓜各项指标的变化。结果表明,相对于垄作和高畦栽培,平畦栽培下黄瓜叶片中的蔗糖含量、还原糖含量、POD活性均显著提高,这3个指标增幅分别为45.52%~47.01%、11.64%~15.2%、18.63%~21.06%;硝态氮含量、叶绿素含量、硝酸还原酶、CAT、SOD活性也得到一定提高,增幅分别为4.34%~9.52%、1.81%~2.21%、5.49%~7.8%、2.56%~4.31%、3.58%~4.08%;黄瓜品质和产量也得到有效改善和提高。平畦栽培是设施黄瓜生产上应用的最佳栽培畦类型,将为黄瓜高产栽培提供有效保证。     

超重力处理对黄瓜幼苗生理生化指标的影响

以1000×g、1500×g、2000×g的超重力对刚萌动的黄瓜种子分别处理1、2、3 h,研究其对黄瓜幼苗生理生化指标的影响.结果表明:处理组黄瓜幼苗的叶绿素a(Chla)含量均高于对照组,叶绿素b(Chlb)含量均低于对照组,总叶绿素含量1 000×g、2 h,1 000×g、3 h,1 500×g、1 h和2 000×g、2 h处理的高于对照组.处理组丙二醛(MDA)含量、过氧化物氧(POD)活性高于对照组,而处理组过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、超氧化物酶(SOD)活性均低于对照组.超重力处理可提高黄瓜对逆境的适应性,作为一诱变条件可用于植物的抗逆育种实践中.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.