山东省青岛市畜禽屠宰管理现状

为了解山东省青岛市畜禽屠宰管理发展现状,优化管理政策措施,开展了畜禽屠宰管理现状调查。调查发现:青岛市肉食消费以猪肉为主,牛、羊、禽、兔肉为副;全市现有生猪定点屠宰企业20家,年屠宰量约220万头;家禽屠宰企业4家,年屠宰量2亿只;牛羊屠宰企业6家,年屠宰量2万头。通过对青岛市畜禽屠宰企业监管体系和追溯体系建设,以及无害化处理等内容进行调研分析,指出当前存在代宰模式隐患多、监管责任难厘清、规范管理待完善等问题,并由此提出严格代宰管理,探索"两检合一"措施,改善产品追溯体系,完善行业管理规定,引导健康消费及加大资金投入等发展建议。     

中美畜禽屠宰监管体系比较

本文研究了美国屠宰监管体系的构成,对比分析了中美畜禽屠宰监管体系的异同。中美在畜禽屠宰管理体制和官方检验内容等方面存在不同,而在监管人员组成和官方兽医的检疫职责等方面存在相似之处。通过对比分析,认为当前我国屠宰监管体系存在监管力量薄弱,协检队伍法律地位不明确,检疫检验实施主体复杂等难题,由此提出了健全完善我国屠宰监管体系的思考建议。重点要加强驻厂官方兽医队伍建设,分类建设屠宰检疫检验队伍,建立健全畜禽屠宰检疫检验与监管法规标准体系,逐步推进屠宰检疫检验"两检合一"。     

完善我国屠宰检验检疫制度的思考

本文系统分析了我国现行屠宰检验检疫制度的演变过程,指出了现行制度存在的责任主体错位、缺位,卫生检验未有效开展等问题,并提出了完善我国屠宰检验检疫制度的思路。建议厘清屠宰企业的主体责任和政府部门的监管责任,整合监管力量,加强屠宰环节追溯体系建设,完善屠宰标准体系,提升行业各方工作能力,进而提升我国屠宰检验检疫工作整体水平。     

黔东南苗族侗族自治州生猪养殖与屠宰行业现状及发展对策

文章介绍了黔东南苗族侗族自治州生猪养殖与屠宰行业发展现状,分析了发展优势与存在的不足,提出完善生猪产业化经营体系、疫病防控与生态循环农业体系、民间资本有序进入屠宰领域、屠宰监管体系的发展建议,以期促进生猪养殖与屠宰行业健康发展.     

宝应:实施生猪集中屠宰 严格履行监管职责

正宝应县现有92万人口,全年生猪消费20万头左右。从1995年开始,实行生猪乡镇定点屠宰以来,生猪定点屠宰管理职能就由畜牧兽医部门承担。从2005年起,推行生猪集中屠宰,形成了机械化屠宰、检疫检验、代理配送、市场监管一体化的"放心肉"工程体系,先后荣获江苏省生猪屠宰管理先进集体、扬州市生猪屠宰管理工作一等奖,     

青海省海东市畜禽屠宰监管的现状及对策

本文介绍了青海省海东市畜禽屠宰监管现状,分析了屠宰场设置不合理、监管制度及程序不完善、负责人环保意识淡薄、肉品品质检验制度落实不到位、对屠宰场的属性认识不清等问题,提出了加快编制市县(区)屠宰场设置规划、完善监管制度规范审批程序、建立肉品品质检验体系、建设肉品配送体系、建立联合监管机制、完善配套法规体系等建议,以期为加强畜禽屠宰监管提供借鉴。     

略阳县畜禽屠宰行业现状及对策

畜禽屠宰行业与食品安全息息相关,只有做好畜禽屠宰场基础设施建设,加强企业内部管理,完善监管体系,才能促进屠宰行业健康、有序发展,有效降低食品安全风险。本文通过对略阳县畜禽屠宰行业现状和存在的问题进行分析,提出了具体的应对措施。     

中美畜禽屠宰检疫体系对比

畜禽屠宰检疫管理体系是否完善关系到畜禽产品质量安全。本文通过梳理中美两国屠宰管理机构设置及法律体系、屠宰企业注册方式、畜禽屠宰检验检疫内容,对比分析两者的异同点,从而提出完善我国畜禽屠宰检疫管理体系的建议。中美两国在畜禽屠宰检疫方面都形成了一套适合本国国情的法律体系和检疫规程。相比之下,美国畜禽屠宰法律体系更加完善,内容更加详实,时效性更强,涉及的检疫内容和检疫对象更加全面。我国畜禽屠宰检疫体系在规范标准方面缺乏系统性,检疫内容和对象有待补充,检疫人员数量配备和工作机制还不完善。建议不断健全和完善我国畜禽屠宰及动物卫生方面的法律法规,将牛、羊、禽等屠宰全部纳入定点管理,并细化法律法规和技术标准,且定期修订;通过政府购买服务方式,引入第三方检疫机制;进一步调整和优化检验检疫对象和内容,加强兽医队伍和实验室检测能力建设。     

浅谈阜阳市生猪定点屠宰监管工作存在问题及建议

生猪定点屠宰监管职能移交后,阜阳市成立生猪屠宰监管机构、制定落实监管制度,着力构建生猪屠宰监管长效机制,取得一定成效.通过调查研究发现存在生猪屠宰监管能力亟需提升、屠宰企业布局不合理等问题,提出了加强法规宣传培训、强化行业自律意识、完善执法体系建设等建议,以促进我市屠宰监管工作规范开展.     

甘州区定点屠宰企业现状、存在问题及对策建议

通过对甘州区定点屠宰企业现状、存在问题的分析,提出了建立定点屠宰企业运行机制,落实主体责任,完善监管措施的建议。为进一步保障畜产品质量安全、公共卫生安全和人体健康,促进屠宰企业健康发展。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.