黑龙江省礼品西瓜品种枯萎病抗性鉴定

本试验对当前黑龙江省生产上主栽的礼品西瓜品种进行枯萎病抗性鉴定,用为害黑龙江省西瓜的枯萎病菌对8份西瓜材料进行了抗病鉴定,结果中抗材料1份,高抗材料2份,轻抗材料5份。     

两个不同抗性株系华木莲种子层积过程中生理特性变化

本研究以华木莲(Sinomanglietia glauca)抗根腐种子6726R和感根腐种子4443S为材料,研究其在低温层积过程中生理指标的变化情况,为华木莲优良抗性品种的选育提供理论基础。结果显示：在低温层积过程中,华木莲抗根腐种子6726R和感根腐种子4443S的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量均呈先上升后下降的趋势;MDA含量的变化趋势呈M型;POD整体呈上升趋势;CAT呈先下降后上升的趋势;SOD呈先上升后下降的趋势。华木莲抗根腐种子6726R的可溶性糖含量显著高于感根腐种子4443S,并且其CAT、SOD活性的增幅均也高于感根腐种子4443S。综上所述,华木莲种子通过增加可溶性糖含量和抗氧化酶活性,提高自身的抗逆性,并且可溶性糖可作为判断华木莲抗性的指标。     

草莓苗长期冷藏期间生理变化研究

以六个草莓品种分大、小苗为试材,对其在0℃冷藏条件下的有关生理指标进行了定期测定。结果表明：在150天冷藏期间,草莓苗干物质含量呈下降趋势;可溶性糖含量、淀粉含量、CAT活性呈先上升后下降,转折点都为冷藏后的60天;硝态氮含量为先下降后上升再下降; POD活性的变化均为上升趋势。宝交早生大苗最适宜冷藏。每个品种都是大苗比小苗更适宜冷藏。     

高产杂交稻两优培九功能叶自然衰老的生理特性研究

以大田种植的高产杂交稻两优培九的上三片功能叶为对象,研究其自然衰老过程中的生理特性变化.结果表明,功能叶衰老过程中,叶绿素含量先上升后下降,且倒三叶的叶绿素含量的下降速度最快.Fo和Fv/Fm在不同叶位的功能叶之间没有明显差异.SOD、CAT活性在3片功能叶中都呈下降趋势,POD呈先上升后下降,且3种抗氧化酶都是在剑叶中活性最高.MDA和O2-含量在3片功能叶中呈上升趋势,可溶性蛋白和糖含量随着衰老的进程而逐渐降低,且剑叶中的可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量均显著高于倒二叶和倒三叶.说明在两优培九衰老的早期,3片功能叶共同维持着水稻的光合产物向子粒中转运,而后期剑叶在进一步增加光合产物中起主要作用.     

硼胁迫对不同基因型西瓜部分生理指标的影响

为了研究硼胁迫对不同基因型西瓜细胞壁、细胞膜以及碳氮代谢的影响,以籽瓜、‘黑美人’西瓜和野生西瓜为材料,设4个硼浓度,测定3种类型西瓜细胞膜透性、游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量及PAL和PPO活性。结果表明：3种类型西瓜在硼胁迫下的PPO活性上升,细胞膜透性与游离脯氨酸含量上升,可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量有所减少。PAL活性在缺硼胁迫时下降,在高硼胁迫时应激上升。硼胁迫破坏了3种类型西瓜细胞壁结构,产生醌等大量次生产物损伤细胞膜,使细胞膜透性增强,细胞内离子浓度失衡脱水。进而阻碍了细胞正常功能运转,间接削弱西瓜碳代谢系统与氮代谢系统,减少了可溶性糖与可溶性蛋白质等代谢产物的生成。     

西瓜枯萎病菌的鉴定及申嗪霉素对其防效评价

由于重茬西瓜种植面积增多,西瓜枯萎病的发生面积逐步扩大,严重影响了西瓜生产。本研究用PDA培养基从中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所大棚温室萎蔫枯萎的西瓜上分离病原菌。形态学鉴定为尖孢镰刀菌;ITS序列分析表明其与西瓜枯萎病菌的序列一致性达到99%;发现该菌引起西瓜枯死严重,发病率达96.7%以上。因此,证实是西瓜枯萎病菌引起的。为了防治该病害,进行了温室和室内的申嗪霉素药效评价。室内抑菌实验和温室内药剂处理结果一致,1%申嗪霉素100倍防治效果最好,抑菌率达76.03%,灌根防治率达58.86%。因此,生产上建议在西瓜枯萎病发病早期使用1%申嗪霉素100倍连续3次灌根,每次间隔约8天左右,尽可能减少西瓜枯萎病菌对西瓜的影响。     

烟草花粉干燥过程中活力变化的生理机制分析

为探究干燥过程中烟草花粉活力变化的生理机制,本研究以品种‘K326’的新鲜花药为材料,分析花粉干燥过程中活力、含水量、内含物、抗氧化酶、MDA等生理指标的变化规律。结果表明,花粉活力和含水量随着干燥时间的延长先较快下降,后趋于稳定;可溶性糖和可溶性淀粉含量呈现下降-升高-再下降-稳定的趋势;可溶性蛋白含量先下降后趋于稳定,总氨基酸含量先上升后趋于稳定,两者变化规律相反;脯氨酸含量呈现上升-下降-缓慢上升的变化趋势;ATP酶活性先下降后趋于稳定;SOD、POD和CAT活性先升高后缓慢下降;MDA含量缓慢升高。结果表明：含水量和ATP酶活性是影响花粉活力最主要的两个因素,这两个指标可以为烟草花粉干燥和贮藏中提供重要参考。     

不同抗性花生品种接种疮痂病菌后其生理特性及产量的变化

为了研究不同抗性花生品种对疮痂病的抗性差异,在田间试验条件下,采用喷雾法研究抗病品种‘贺油13’、感病品种‘泉花10号’接种疮痂病菌后其叶片生理特性及产量的变化。结果表明：可溶性糖含量在接种后呈先升高后降低的趋势,抗病品种其可溶性糖含量均高于其对照,而感病品种与其对照相比均有所下降,说明花生叶片中可溶性糖含量与植株抗病性有一定的相关性。抗感花生品种接菌后叶片可溶性蛋白质含量均高于其对照,但感病品种比抗病品种的峰值出现的要早,表明感病品种对病菌的侵染较敏感,品种的抗病性与对病菌侵染的反应呈负相关。接菌后抗感品种叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,与其相应的对照相比,抗病品种比感病品种降低的幅度相对较小;花生叶片过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性随生育进程的推进整体呈现先下降后升高再降低的变化趋势,其相应的对照相比,接种后抗病品种的CAT和POD活性表现相对较高,由此说明保护酶在花生对疮痂病的抗性机制中起了重要作用。接种后2个品种叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量有所增加,表明其质膜受到不同程度的伤害。产量结果研究表明,接菌后抗、感品种均有所减产,但感病品种‘泉花10号’减产幅度较大。     

芍药切花瓶插期生理生化的变化

选取6个芍药品种,分别为春晓、山河红、奇花争露、紫凤朝阳、菱花晨浴、蓝海碧波为材料,研究其体内生理生化变化与瓶插寿命的关系.结果表明:瓶插过程中,游离脯氨酸含量呈先下降后上升趋势,可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖、Mg含量呈先上升后下降趋势,K含量在瓶插过程中变化趋势分为两种类型:先上升后下降型与持续下降型.芍药切花的瓶插寿命与Mg含量的变化呈极显著正相关,与可溶性蛋白质的变化呈正相关,与游离脯氨酸含量呈负相关,与K、可溶性糖含量的变化相关性较低.     

低温胁迫下西瓜幼苗生理特性与冷害的关系

以河北省目前推广的西瓜品种为材料,研究了在低温胁迫下西瓜幼苗的冷害指数及生理特性。结果表明：不同西瓜品种的冷害指数存在一定差异,在供试品种中,冷害指数最高的是重茬雄风为3,冷害指数最低的是京欣王为0.8。随着温度的降低,SOD、POD的活性和MDA的含量呈现上升的趋势。在8℃时SOD的活性与冷害指数呈极显著负相关,8℃、15℃和25℃时MDA的含量与冷害指数呈极显著正相关。     

Main gene centres of cultivated plants and their wild relatives within the territory of the U.S.S.R.

An account is given of the specific and varietal diversity of the chief indigenous cultivated plants of the U.S.S.R. and their wild relatives. The author also mentions the economic value of this initial material and describes some of the principal achievements of plant breeders in recent times. The genera dealt with are as follows: Triticum, Secale, Hordeum, Helianthus, Linum, Malus, Pyrus, Cydonia, Mespilus, Prunus, Armeniaca, Amygdalus, Cerasus, Microcerasus, Ribes, Cornus, Vitis, Juglans, Pistacia, Corylus, Cucumis, and Medicago.Prepared as a contribution to the symposium on Origin and Evolution of Cultivated Plants, at the Tenth International Botanical Congress, 1964. Submitted by J. B. Hutchinson and J. G. Hawkes.     

金铁锁总皂苷提取工艺研究

采用正交设计,以齐墩果酸为对照品,采用5%香草醛冰醋酸-高氯酸显色剂,以总皂苷提取率为指标来确定金铁锁的最佳提取工艺。结果表明,最佳提取工艺如下：提取温度为70℃、乙醇浓度为80%、提取时间90 min、料液比1:8,该方法成本低、结果稳定、重复性好。     

珍稀药用植物新疆阿魏种子萌发特性研究

研究了新疆阿魏种子吸水规律及不同光照、温度浸种、低温层积、赤霉素（GA3）处理对新疆阿魏种子萌发的影响。结果表明：新疆阿魏种子存在生理休眠;光照对该种子萌发无显著影响;4℃低温层积40d可以整体解除种子休眠;500—1500mg／LGA3浸种48h可以加快20℃下发芽速度,1000mg／LGA,处理效果最好,处理后6天种子萌发。     

甘蔗斑茅的杂交利用及其杂种后代鉴定系列研究Ⅲ.甘蔗斑茅远缘杂交后代细胞遗传分析

以甘蔗与斑茅杂交和回交后代为供试材料，进行染色体计数与核型分析，结果表明，在5个供试材料中，海南斑茅92-105的体细胞染色体数2n＝60=60m，属原始的1A型染色体，其他材料的核型均属2B型。以拔地拉（2n=80=70m+10sm）为母本、海南斑茅92-105为父本的杂交后代崖城96-66的体细胞染色体数目为2n=70=68m+2sm；以崖城96-66为母     

Labor and the Geographic Reorganization of Container Shipping in the U.S.

The globalization of production and the geographic dispersion of economic activity have elevated the importance of the transportation and logistics sectors of the economy. One sector in particular that has experienced significant expansion is maritime transport and container shipping. As the cargo has become increasingly “discretionary” such that it can conceivably be transported through any port that allows intermodal access to the hinterland, the industry has become much more foot‐loose vis‐à‐vis a particular port of entry. The enhanced mobility of the cargo results in more intense port competition. One particular place to observe and study this dynamic is in the port and terminal selection of shippers and shipping lines and the role of port authorities in attempting to attract these carriers to their facilities. In this paper, the focus is on the role of labor and labor relations in such decisions. These issues will be studied in the context of the potential container traffic rerouting from the West to the East Coast of the U.S. and, as an illustrative case study, how these developments have played out for the East Coast port of Jacksonville, Florida.     

Breaking breeding barriers in Lycopersicon. 5. The inheritance of the unilateral incompatibility between L. peruvianum (L.) Mill. and L. esculentum Mill. and the genetics of its breakdown

Summary The validity of the current hypotheses on the inheritance of unilateral incompatibility is disputed and the importance of intrapopulational research on the inheritance of unilateral incompatibility is emphasized.Such research has been carried out on the unilateral incompatibility between L. peruvianum and L. esculentum with inbred material of L. peruvianum. The results indicate that in this species the inhibition of L. esculentum pollen tube growth, built up of distinct processes, is based on independent dominant genes, and that the breakdown of the phenomenon is a consequence of segregation of recessive alleles, the expressivity of at least some of these being influenced by environmental factors.Research demonstrating differences between self-incompatibility and interspecific pollen tube growth inhibition is reviewed and it is concluded from this and own research that the two phenomena are distinct.     

The Changing Regional Structure of the U.S. Economy

This paper utilizes newly available industry-specific historical measures of Gross Regional Product to highlight the changing regional structure of the U.S. economy between 1963 and 1986. During this period, the percentage of U.S. output produced in the eight different regions changed significantly. The largest changes occurred in the Great Lakes (?3.65 percent), Mideast (?3.32 percent), and Southeast (+3.64 percent). Four major industry sectors (Agriculture, Mining, Construction, and Government) declined in relative importance in all eight regions. Five major industry sectors (TCPU, Retail Trade, Wholesale Trade, FIRE, and Services) expanded in relative importance. Somewhat surprisingly, Manufacturing output expanded for the U.S. as a whole and for six of the eight regions. The perception of decline in the relative importance of manufacturing in the U.S. is clearly based on the dramatic declines in the once dominant manufacturing base of the Mideast and Great Lakes regions.