酵母多糖对蛋用雏鸡免疫器官生长发育的影响

本文研究了在蛋用雏鸡的饮水中分别添加０－１ ％ 和０－５ ％ 的酵母多糖对其主要免疫器官———胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊和盲肠扁桃体生长发育的影响。结果表明：酵母多糖对雏鸡的免疫系统的成熟具有明显的促进作用。试验１ 组的胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊和盲肠扁桃体的重量或面积分别比对照组高２２－４８ ％ ，１０－０１％ ，１１－８１ ％ 和２８－５５ ％ （Ｐ＜ ０－０１） ；试验２ 组较对照组高８６－１７ ％ ，５８－５１ ％ ，５６－３２ ％ 和５６－４３ ％（Ｐ＜ ０－０１） ，两试验组之间相差６３－６９ ％ ，４８－５０ ％ ，４４－５１ ％ 和３３－３３ ％（Ｐ＜ ０－０１） 。     

甘西鼠尾草二萜醌类及有关中草药单体化合物对超氧自由基的作用

采用二甲基亚砜在碱性有氧条件下产生超氧阴离子自由基Ｏ－．２的模型方法，利用ＥＳＲ直接观察药用鼠尾草丹参二萜醌类化合物及其它中草药有关单体化合物对Ｏ－．２的增强或抑制效果。结果表明，二萜醌类化合物对Ｏ－．２有不同程度的消除作用，其中对醌类化合物对Ｏ－．２的抑制作用强于邻醌类，分子结构中的羟基对Ｏ－．２的抑制有促进作用。同时，用上述反应产生的Ｏ－．２模型体系研究并讨论了一些中草药有关单体化合物对Ｏ－．２的增强或抑制效能，并对其结构与活性的相关性进行了讨论。     

鸡溃疡性肠炎的治疗试验报告

根据药敏试验结果，选择青霉素、链霉素、氯霉素、蒽诺沙星、磺胺－５－甲氧嘧啶为试验用药，对人工发病的溃疡性肠炎病鸡进行了治疗试验。结果表明，蒽诺沙星、链霉素对该病的治疗效果较好，氯霉素对该病有一定治疗效果，青霉素、磺胺－５－甲氧嘧啶对该病无效。     

大蒜油中大蒜素等含硫化合物的气相色谱-质谱法测定

三硫醚化合物ＣＨ２＝ＣＨ－ＣＨ２－Ｓ－Ｓ－Ｓ－ＣＨ２－ＣＨ＝ＣＨ２（二丙烯基三硫醚，俗称大蒜素或大蒜新素）、ＣＨ３－Ｓ－Ｓ－Ｓ－ＣＨ２－ＣＨ＝ＣＨ２（甲基丙烯基三硫醚）和ＣＨ３－Ｓ－Ｓ－Ｓ－ＣＨ３（二甲基三硫醚），除了对各种病菌具有很强的杀灭和抑制作用外，还可以提高饲料适口性，增加采食量，提高饲料报酬。本研究利用气相色谱－质谱（ＧＣ－ＭＳ）联用仪对大蒜油中的大蒜素等部分组分进行了测定，方法简便快速、准确可靠。１　方法　１．１　仪器与试剂　ＧＣ－ＭＳ　ＱＰ－５０００气相色谱－质谱联用仪（日本岛津公…     

长白山熊蜂与中、西蜂的遗传学研究

应用八组随机引物：W1（5’－CGGCCCCTGT－3’），W2（5’CGGCCCCGGT－3’），W3（5’－CGAGGCTTCT－3’），P7（5’－CACCGATCCA－3’），P8（5’－CCCACCCTTG－3’），P11（5’－ACACAGAGGG－3’），P12（5’－TCACCGTGTC－3’），P13（5’－GACAAGGACC－3’），分别对熊蜂、中蜂、西蜂提取纯化DNA基因组经RAPD－PCR技术进行遗传学研究。结果：获得熊蜂DNA基因组多态性图谱及熊蜂与中、西蜂DNA基因组多态性的鉴别图谱。     

日粮中添加酸化剂对断奶仔猪的影响

选择２８ 日龄断奶仔猪６４ 头，就不同的酸化剂对其生产性能、腹泻率的影响作了试验研究。试验结果，柠檬酸组、乳香酸组和得卡肥组与对照组相比，仔猪日增重分别提高了１３－４２％ 、１７－８１ ％ 、１５－８１％ ；饲料报酬分别提高了５－９５％ 、９－７３ ％ 、９－７３％ ；腹泻率分别降低了７１－３０％ 、８７－０２％ 、８３－３３％ 。结果表明，３ 种酸化剂对提高仔猪的生产性能均有效果，尤以复合酸化剂类———乳香酸、得卡肥显著。     

青山羊精子中乳酸脱氢酶同工酶的研究

用琼脂糖凝胶电泳技术，对山东青山羊精子中ＬＤＨ同工酶进行研究。结果表明，９只青山羊精子中均检出４条ＬＤＨ同工酶谱带。即ＬＤＨ－１、ＬＤＨ－３、ＬＤＨ－４和ＬＤＨ－ｘ。ＬＤＨ－ｘ酶带位于ＬＤＨ－４和ＬＤＨ－５之间，电泳迁移率近于ＬＤＨ－５，含量为ＬＤＨ的７５％，６５℃处理５ｍｉｎ稳定。本文结合ＬＤＨ－ｘ同工酶特殊功能，对其生理意义和临床意义进行讨论。     

防除灌丛对栎树群落生物量及氮的影响

疏森草地不仅对草地畜牧业的发展有着巨大的潜力，而且还是一座无污染的氮肥加工厂。研究了除草剂防除灌丛对星毛栎（Ｑｕｅｒｃｕｓ ｓｔｅｌｌａｔａ Ｗａｎｇｅｎｈ）。马丽兰得栎（Ｑｕｅｒｃｕｓ ｍａｒｉｌａｎｄｉｃａ Ｍｕｅｎｃｈｈ。）群落生物量及氮的影响。试验设４种处理。１９７３年春每公顷喷洒丁塞隆除草剂（Ｎ－〔５－（１，１－ｄｉｍｅｔｈｙｌｅｔｈｙｌ）－１，３，４－ｔｈｉａｄｉａｚｏｌ－２－ｙｌ〕－     

生长激素对猪生长、胴体组成及肉质的影响

选用体重６４ ｋｇ 左右的大大二三元杂种猪１８ 头， 随机分为２ 组， 试验组和对照组各９ 头。试验组每头每天肌肉注射猪生长激素（ｐＳＴ）５ ｍｇ ，共１４ ｄ， 对照组肌注生理盐水。饲养结束时进行屠宰测定， 取背最长肌进行肉质分析。结果表明： ｐＳＴ 处理组平均日增重显著高于对照组（ Ｐ ＜ ０－０５） ， 料重比下降２１－６８ ％ ， 胴体重提高２－６２ ％ ， 三点膘厚下降７－７８ ％ ， 肝重提高１４－８６％ ， 心重提高１８－０７ ％ ， 肌肉失水率提高１２－６８ ％ ，切割力提高１－６８ ％ ， 大理石纹提高１５－０９ ％ ， 但差异均不显著（ Ｐ ＞ ０－０５） 。ｐＳＴ 对其它指标均无显著影响     

安徽省女山湖繁殖鸟类及群落种的多样性

我们于１９９４年３～８月对安徽省女山湖７种生境繁殖鸟类及群落进行了研究。共记录到繁殖鸟类５１种，生境Ⅶ种类最多，生境Ⅰ和Ⅲ最少。群落种的多样性指数最大的为生境Ⅶ，最小的为生境Ⅲ。多样性平均数控制图可将７种生境分为３组。依据鸟类对生境利用情况和鸟类群落特征对７种生境进行评价和排序，结果是Ⅶ－Ⅵ－Ⅱ－Ⅳ－Ⅴ－Ⅰ－Ⅲ。     

皮肤扩张术在兽医上的应用前景

皮肤的大面积损伤在兽医临床上较为多见,但现有的治疗手段很难满足动物美观的要求,皮肤扩张技术以其扩张获得的“额外”的皮肤与正常皮肤直接缝合以作修复疤痕组织或皮肤缺损,这样既解决了修复所需要的皮源问题,又可以避免大面积植皮形成的新的瘢痕组织,扩张皮肤克服了植皮色素沉着,与周围皮肤颜色不协调,遗留供区新创面的缺点,成为国内外医学界修复瘢痕广泛应用的新技术,应用前景十分广阔。     

改革创新开拓蚕业现代化新局面

“十五”期间蚕业将面临从计划经济走向经济的重大改革。蚕茧流通体制改革、企业制度改革、事业单位改革都会给蚕业生产带来巨大冲击。蚕业必须深改革,加快体制创新和技术创新,从调整结构,形成专业化分工的区域区布局,探索桑地流转机制,扩大生产规模,加强生产基础,加快实用技术创新,实行产业化经营等方面入手,开拓蚕业现代化的新局面。     

提高仔猪成活率的关键措施

通过对仔猪培育各个生产环节的分析，认为加强妊娠母猪后期饲养管理和新生仔猪护理，给仔猪定乳头，吃初乳，防冻，防压，早开食，注意补铁，硒等。是提高仔猪成活率的关键措施。     

致病性大肠杆菌耐药性与其质粒相关性研究

对本地临床分离的20株致病性大肠杆菌进行耐药性检测和质粒检测。耐药性检测结果显示,受检20株致病性大肠杆菌对临床常用5种抗菌药物均表现为耐药,大肠杆菌耐药程度及多重耐药现象较为严重。质粒图谱分析结果表明,在大肠杆菌耐药性菌株中,尤其是耐药程度较高且呈多重耐药的菌株中,耐药质粒的检出率较高。实验结果提示:致病性大肠杆菌耐药性与其耐药质粒存在密切相关。     

Assessing human risk of illness with West Nile virus mosquito surveillance data to improve public health preparedness

Surveillance for West Nile virus (WNV) and other mosquito‐borne pathogens involves costly and time‐consuming collection and testing of mosquito samples. One difficulty faced by public health personnel is how to interpret mosquito data relative to human risk, thus leading to a failure to fully exploit the information from mosquito testing. The objective of our study was to use the information gained from historic West Nile virus mosquito testing to determine human risk relative to mosquito infection and to assess the usefulness of our mosquito infection forecasting models to give advance warning. We compared weekly mosquito infection rates from 2004 to 2013 to WNV case numbers in Illinois. We then developed a weather‐based forecasting model to estimate the WNV mosquito infection rate one to 3 weeks ahead of mosquito testing both statewide and for nine regions of Illinois. We further evaluated human illness risk relative to both the measured and the model‐estimated infection rates to provide guidelines for public health messages. We determined that across 10 years, over half of human WNV cases occurred following the 29 (of 210) weeks with the highest mosquito infection rates. The values forecasted by the models can identify those time periods, but model results and data availability varied by region with much stronger results obtained from regions with more mosquito data. The differences among the regions may be related to the amount of surveillance or may be due to diverse landscape characteristics across Illinois. We set the stage for better use of all surveillance options available for WNV and described an approach to modelling that can be expanded to other mosquito‐borne illnesses.     

Humoral immune responses to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in sows and offspring following an outbreak of mycoplasmosis

Previously healthy sows, seropositive to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, developed clinical signs of mycoplasmosis, as well as increasing amounts of antibodies to M. hyopneumoniae during an outbreak of the disease in a herd. During the early phase of the outbreak, young piglets (2 weeks) with maternal antibodies remained healthy while older seronegative piglets (4–7 weeks) developed the disease. The duration of the maternal antibodies to M. hyopneumoniae varied between litters and was related to the amount of antibodies in the serum of the dam. In sows, the level of serum antibodies decreased continuously from 4 weeks ante partum to partus, and the level of antibodies in the whey of colostrum was comparable to that in serum 4 weeks ante partum. After loss of maternal antibodies to M. hyopneumoniae, seropositive animals were not found among piglets younger than 9 weeks. Therefore peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were collected from various age categories of piglets in order to measure the ability to produce antibodies to M. hyopneumoniae in vitro. PBMC obtained from piglets aged 1 and 3 weeks produced few antibodies to M. hyopneumoniae. Significantly higher levels of antibodies to M. hyopneumoniae were produced by PBMC obtained from pigs aged 5–9 weeks. Thus, the ability of PBMC to produce antibodies to M. hyopneumoniae in vitro seemed to be age-dependent.     

陇东旱塬区冬小麦粮草兼用农户意愿及影响因素实证分析——基于甘肃省庆阳市323个农户的调查

探索冬小麦粮草兼用农户意愿的影响因素,对推广冬小麦粮草兼用模式,实现农牧业的可持续发展具有重要意义。本研究基于甘肃省庆阳市323个农户的调查数据,运用二元Logistic回归模型,分析农户冬小麦粮草兼用的采纳意愿,并探讨其采纳意愿的影响因素。结果表明,农户对冬小麦粮草兼用模式有采纳意愿的占比为57%,总体意愿程度较高。在影响冬小麦粮草兼用农户意愿的诸多因素中,农户年龄(P<0.05)、年耕作月数(P<0.1)、家庭总收入(P<0.05)、冬小麦种植面积(P<0.1)、了解程度(P<0.05)、前景感知(P<0.01)、小麦产量影响的认知(P<0.01)等变量,对农户采纳冬小麦粮草兼用意愿有显著正向影响;而家庭上学人数(P<0.05)、饲养家畜的数量(P<0.1)对农户采纳意愿有显著负向影响。因此,本研究从提高农业比较收益,拓宽农户获取信息的渠道,加快农村土地流转及继续开展冬小麦粮草兼用优化模式的研究与推广等方面提出增强农户意愿的政策建议。     

A matched observational study of survival in cats with enucleation due to diffuse iris melanoma

Although a small number of cases of feline diffuse iris melanoma have been documented to metastasize, the prognosis is not known. In this matched observational study, the survival time of 34 cats with enucleation due to histologically confirmed diffuse iris melanoma was recorded. These results are compared to the survival times of 83 age-matched control cats. Affected cats had enucleation between 2 and 10 years prior to the study. One group of control cats with eye disease had enucleation for either lymphoplasmacytic uveitis (27 cases), ocular trauma (seven cases), or endophthalmitis (four cases). In these control cats, enucleations were performed between 2 and 10 years prior to this study. Forty-five additional control cats presented for vaccination between 2 and 10 years prior to the study. The extent of diffuse iris melanoma at the time of enucleation in affected cats was graded according to the extent of involvement of ocular tissues and the invasiveness of the tumor. Affected cats have a significantly decreased survival compared with control cats and cats with extensive tumors at the time of enucleation have the lowest survival rates. Cats with tumors confined to the iris survive at the same rate as controls. These results suggests that early enucleation is important to avoid premature death, presumed to be due to cancer metastasis in cats with diffuse iris melanoma.