Comparison of the effects of delayed auditory feedback on speech and key tapping

Delaying the return of a speaker's vocal output to his ears (the auditory feedback) radically changes his speech (1). The present report concerns the effect of delayed auditory feedback on simple key-tapping tasks. Evidence is presented which indicates that changes in speech and key tapping under delayed auditory feedback are analogous.     

Controlling chemical turbulence by global delayed feedback: pattern formation in catalytic CO oxidation on Pt(110)

Control of spatiotemporal chaos is one of the central problems of nonlinear dynamics. We report on suppression of chemical turbulence by global delayed feedback using, as an example, catalytic carbon monoxide oxidation on a platinum (110) single-crystal surface and carbon monoxide partial pressure as the controlled feedback variable. When feedback intensity was increased, spiral-wave turbulence was transformed into new intermittent chaotic regimes with cascades of reproducing and annihilating local structures on the background of uniform oscillations. The global feedback further led to the development of cluster patterns and standing waves and to the stabilization of uniform oscillations. These findings are reproduced by theoretical simulations.     

Mechanism of delayed reactions

Arsanilic acid conjugates of polymers of L-typrosine, glutamic acid, and alanine are immunogenic and can elicit hapten-specific, delayed-hypersensitivity reactions in sensitized guinea pigs. Conjugates of the D-amino acid polymers are neither immunogenic nor capable of eliciting delayed reactions. Mixtures of small amounts of conjugates capable of eliciting a delayed reaction with larger amounts of D-amino acid polymer conjugates produce only small delayed reactions. I suggest that the delayed reaction is an active response requiring the continued participation of immunogenic material in sensitized animals; it is not the reaction of preformed antibody-like material with the antigenic determinant.     

Eye tracking of observer-generated target movements

When an observer moves his arm he shows more precise visual tracking of a target mounted on his fingertip-the eye lags behind the target less and makes fewer corrective saccades-than when he relaxes his arm and the experimenter moves it in a similar manner. Apparently the control system for eye movements can use outflow (efferent) signals in order to anticipate motion of the self-moved target.     

Eye and head turning indicates cerebral lateralization

When solving verbal problems, right-handed people usually turn head and eyes to the right, whereas with numerical and spatial problems, these people look up and left. Left-handed people differ in all these respects. The results suggest that the direction in which people look while thinking reflects the lateralization of the underlying cerebral activity.     

批语式反馈与英语写作能力的提高

过程教学法视写作为循环式的心理认知过程、思维创作过程和社会交互过程，强调写作者在写作过程中的自主性及交互性。过程教学法把反馈概念引入写作教学，帮助建立了有效的反馈-交互机制及反馈-改错机制，对学生写作能力的提高起到一定作用。笔者根据教学实践及相关实证研究结果，讨论了批语式反馈对学生认知行为的影响，制约学生接受教师批语的因素以及教师在评阅学生作文时应遵循的原则：以读者的身份进行阅读；突出重点，避免标出所有错误；授予学生正确的修改观。