广东省林业科技进步贡献率比较分析

文章基于Cobb-Douglas生产函数（C-D模型）对广东省＂九五＂、＂十五＂、＂十一五＂前三年以及主要地区广州、韶关、梅州、湛江、肇庆等5市2000-2008年间的林业（营林）科技进步贡献率进行了测算和比较分析。并对林业科技进步贡献率测算方法、弹性系数方法的确定、实施森林分类经营后广东省林业科技进步贡献率的变化等进行了探讨。     

广东省主要区域的林业科技进步贡献率比较分析

本文应用Cobb－Douglas生产函数（C－D模型）对广东省“九五” 、“十五” 、“十一五”前三年期间以及典型地区广州、韶关、梅州、湛江、肇庆等5市2000-2008年间的林业（营林）科技进步贡献率进行了测算和比较分析。还对林业科技进步贡献率测算方法、弹性系数方法的确定、实施森林分类经营后广东省林业科技进步贡献率的变化等进行了探讨。     

AHP法计算湖南"十五"林业科技进步贡献率

科技进步贡献率是衡量一个国家或部门科技发展和经济发展的通用指标。本文利用址口层次分析法和专家问卷调查相结合的方法,分析了影响科技进步因素,测定计算出“十五”期间湖南省林业科技进步贡献率为30．13％。     

福建省林业科技进步贡献率预测研究——基于福建省2003—2019年统计数据

林业经济的发展离不开林业资本、劳动力的投入,以及林业科技进步的推动。基于福建省2003-2019年林业统计年鉴数据,利用索洛余值法和指数平滑法对福建省2020年林业科技进步贡献率进行预测分析,结果表明,2020年福建省林业科技进步贡献率的预测值为60.09%,表明福建省林业科技进步对林业经济的贡献度处于较高水平。     

提高科技意识 加强科技创新 促进河南林业跨越式发展

一、对2000年以来我省林业科技工作的总体评价 2000年以来,我省林业科技工作深入贯彻“科技工作必须面向经济建设,经济建设必须依靠科学技术”的方针,认真组织实施科技兴林战略,不断深化林业科技体制改革,加强技术创新,加速科技进步,林业科技事业取得了长足发展。全省林业科技成果转化率达到34％,科技成果推广率达到30％,林业科技进步贡献率达     

福建省林业科技进步贡献率测算研究——基于福建省1995-2019年统计数据分析

林业经济作为国民经济的重要组成部分之一,其发展离不开原始资本的积累、社会生产要素的投入,以及林业科技进步的助力。基于福建省林业统计年鉴1995-2019年数据,利用索洛余值法对福建省近25年来林业科技进步贡献率进行测算分析。测算结果表明,1996-2019年间,福建省林业科技进步贡献率的平均值为60.40%,且总体上福建省林业科技进步贡献率呈上升趋势,表明福建省林业经济发展已从传统型转变为现代型,科技进步对林业发展贡献度处于较高水平。     

试用增长速度方程测算林业技术进步贡献率

科技贡献率是表述一个项目或行业整体应用新技术、新成果的重要技术指标,是科技进步对一个项目或一个行业经济增长的贡献份额的准确测算.作者运用增长速度方程测算了林业科技贡献率,并以世界银行贷款"森林资源发展和保护项目"进行了实例研究与分析,得出了较准确的测定结果.     

福建省林业科技进步贡献率的影响因子分析

采用专家咨询法和层次分析法,确定福建省林业科技进步贡献率的影响因子,计算了各个因子对福建省林业科技进步贡献率影响的权重,并进行了排序,希望能够为各类林业科技相关决策提供参考。     

科技进步对山西林业发展的贡献率研究

笔者选择林业总产值、林业资本投入和林业劳动投入3个指标,利用索洛余值增长速度方程式对山西省2011年至2015年期间的林业科技进步贡献率进行测算。结果表明,山西省林业总产值呈不断增长的趋势,与山西省经济生产总量不断增长的整体趋势一致,林业总产值从2011年的97. 89亿元增加到2015年的159. 23亿元。经测算,"十二五"期间林业科技进步贡献率、林业资本投入贡献率和林业劳动投入贡献率分别为163. 30%,-52. 40%和-10. 90%.     

以科技为支撑提升湖南林业整体水平

“十五”期间,全省科技成果转化率达到60%;科技进步对林业经济增长的贡献率由现在的30%提高到60%。     

国有森工企业组织结构影响因素的AHP分析

随着市场经济体系的逐步完善,沿袭多年的国有森工企业组织结构已跟不上时代的发展,改革势在必行。本文通过对吉林、黑龙江国有林区几个典型林业局的实际调研,采用层次分析法（AHP）对其组织结构的影响因素进行了定性和定量分析。结果表明,天保工程禁伐政策、国有林生态优先发展政策、企业管理水平是影响国有森工企业组织结构的关键因素。根据分析结果,提出了国有森工企业组织结构改革的政策与建议。     

The use of Analytic Hierarchy Process to incorporate stakeholder preferences into regional forest planning

Forest management decisions are often characterised by complexity, irreversibility and uncertainty. Much of the complexity arises from the multiple-use nature of forest goods and services, difficulty in monetary valuation of ecological services and the involvement of numerous stakeholders. Under these circumstances, conventional methods such as cost-benefit analysis are ill-suited to evaluate forest decisions. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), can be useful in regional forest planing as it can accommodate conflictual, multidimensional, incommensurable and incomparable set of objectives. The objective of this paper is to examine the scope and feasibility of the AHP in incorporating stakeholder preferences into regional forest planning. The Australian Regional Forest Agreement Programme is taken as an illustrative case for the analysis. The results show that the AHP can formalise public participation in decision making and increase the transparency and the credibility of the process.     

森林可持续经营综合评价方法比较研究

通过实例比较分析了AHP法、熵权法、熵AHP法3种森林可持续经营指标权重计算方法,及线性加权和法、指数加权法2种森林可持续经营综合评价模型。研究表明:在评价指标的权重计算方面,熵AHP方法集专家决策与数据信息决策于一体,客观科学;在森林可持续经营综合评价方面,指数加权法模型考虑了森林经营的多目标和协调发展要求,较接近森林经营现实。因此,基于熵AHP方法的指数加权法模型是一种可行的森林可持续经营综合评价方法。     

Comparative analysis of multi-criteria probabilistic FR and AHP models for forest fire risk(FFR) mapping in Melghat Tiger Reserve(MTR) forest

A comparative study of Frequency Ratio(FR)and Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)models are performed for forest fire risk(FFR)mapping in Melghat Tiger Reserve forest,central India.Identification of FFR depends on various hydrometeorological parameters altitude,slope,aspect,topographic position index,normalized differential vegetation index,rainfall,air temperature,land surface temperature,wind speed,distance to settlements,and distance by road are integrated using a GIS platform.The results from FR and AHP show similar trends.The FR model was significantly higher accurate(overall accuracy of 81.3%,kappa statistic 0.78)than the AHP model(overall accuracy 79.3%,kappa statistic 0.75).The FR model total forest fire risk areas were classified into five classes:very low(7.1%),low(22.2%),moderate(32.3%),high(26.9%),and very high(11.5%).The AHP fire risk classes were very low(6.7%),low(21.7%),moderate(34.0%),high(26.7%),and very high(10.9%).Sensitivity analyses were performed for AHP and FR models.The results of the two different models are compared and justified concerning the forest fire sample points(Forest Survey of India)and burn images(2010-2016).These results help in designing more effective fire management plans to improve the allocation of resources across a landscape framework.     

基于层次分析法的森工企业员工绩效评价

针对森工企业的现状，在详细介绍层次分析法及在确定企业员工绩效评价中权重的同时，以某森工企业为例，确定了其员工绩效评价过程中指标的排序问题，明确了每位员工绩效评价的重点，指明了管理方向和目标。     

Contribution of participatory forest management towards conservation and rehabilitation of dry Afromontane forests and its implications for carbon management in the tropical Southeastern Highlands of Ethiopia

Participatory forest management (PFM) has been applied as an approach to create a framework for collaborative forest management between local communities and government forestry agencies. This study was designed to assess the contribution of PFM approach in improving forest status in the Southeastern Highlands of Ethiopia. Landsat satellite imageries of four years were used to evaluate the trends and rate of deforestation before and after PFM interventions. Socio-economic data were collected from sample household surveys, key participants, focus group discussions, and field observations. The results showed that there was high rate of deforestation before PFM intervention as forestland has decreased by 19% (2531 ha) between 1990 and 2000. However, after the PFM intervention (2000–2016), the forest cover has increased by 247 ha (2.2%). During this period, net 1016 ha of shrub-lands were converted into forestland owing to significant forest regeneration. In addition, most sampled households (94% and 96% from lower and upper altitudes, respectively) perceived that PFM had significantly contributed to improve forest regeneration in their locality. This study revealed that PFM can serve as a stepping stone for carbon financing mechanisms to reduce greenhouses emission and enhance carbon sinks via forest resources.     

吉林森工集团工业原料林建设AHP分析

本文在实地调研与问卷调查基础上,选择出20个对吉林森工集团工业原料林建设有重要影响的影响因子。运用AHP分析法对其进行比较排序,分析结果显示东北国有林区现行采伐限额政策是吉林森工集团建设工业原料林的重要制约因素,建议政府对东北国有林区商品林区域的经营管理政策进行调整,适应当前经济发展形势。     

Evaluating Natural Forest Management Efficiency

According to the structure-based forest management theory,the appraisal indices system of natural forest management efficiency was established from spatial utilization,species diversity, constructive species competition and tree composition,which could be used to depict stand status,and its metewand was given.Relative weight was endowed by The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP),and then the conception of natural forest management efficiency comprehensive appraisal index was put forward for the first time and applied to four different sampling plots of natural forest, three of them from Dongdapo forest region,Jiaohe, Jilin province,and one from Baihua forest area, Xiaolongshan,Gansu province,China.The results are as following:the stand status was obviously improved after being managed and plot A,B got a mark of "medium" while C and D were "perfect". From high to low,the arrangement of forest management efficiency comprehensive appraisal index was C>D>A>B.This appraisal result abided by the phenomenon detected in the practical field.The forest management efficiency comprehensive appraisal index brought up in this paper could be taken as a way of comprehensive quantitative change of stand state which directly reflects the effort of forest management and affords scientific basis of natural forest management effort.     

天然林经营效果评价方法及其应用

根据结构化森林经营理论,从描述林分状态的空间利用程度、物种多样性、建群种竞争态势和林分组成等4个方面构建了天然林经营效果评价指标体系并给出了相应的评价标准。运用层次分析法确定权重,在此基础上提出了天然林经营效果综合评价指数的概念,并将其应用于吉林蛟河市东大坡林区(包括A、B、C共3块样地)和甘肃小陇山百花林场(D样地)天然林经营评价。结果表明:经营后林分状态明显改善,A、B样地经营效果等级为"中",C、D经营效果等级为"好",按经营效果综合评价指数从高到低排列为C>D>A>B,评价结果与林地中实际观察到的现象一致。本文提出的经营效果综合评价指数是林分状态综合量化的一种表达方式,能够直观简洁地反应出经营效果,可为天然林经营评价提供科学依据。     

分类经营:新西兰林业的实践与借鉴

新西兰70年一贯制的多效林业经营模式, 在创造了人工林奇迹的同时亦带来了林业持续发展的政策危机和效益危机。新西兰林业分类经营近10年的实践初步成功, 是建立在人工林集约经营和政府扶持基础上的, 是以新西兰林产工业的市场培育和出口导向为动力的。比较借鉴:建议从集约经营工业人工林入手, 为我国林业的分类经营奠定坚实的基础;建议从提高林产工业产业素质入手, 为分类经营的实现培育市场。