Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Land Values Based on Kriging and GIS Method

In order to know how and why the land values changed inside the city,the land-value patterns of Beijing during the period from 1998 to 2005 were studied based on Kriging and GIS Method.The land-value data of Beijing had a second order trend,so the Ordinary Kriging(OK) method was used after removing the trend surface.The results showed that there was a positive relationship between land-value and ring roads.The patterns of land values were clearly affected by the eradiating function of the city centre,and there was no independent sub-centre formed.In addition to the impact of city center,the main reasons for the land value increase were the influence of city planning,the expected appreciation,and improvement of infrastructure and transportation.In the process of suburbanization of Beijing,the land values showed a significant growth pattern from the near suburban to the city centre,which caused by the restraint of land resources.     

Urban Form and Household Activity‐Travel Behavior

ABSTRACT Cities and metropolitan regions face several challenges including urban sprawl, auto dependence and congestion, and related environmental and human health effects. Examining the spatial characteristics of daily household activity‐travel behavior holds important implications for understanding and addressing urban transportation issues. Research of this sort can inform development of urban land use policy that encourages the use of local opportunities, potentially leading to reduced motorized travel. This article examines the potential household activity‐travel response to a planned metropolitan polycentric hierarchy of activity centers. Behavioral observations have been drawn from an activity‐travel survey conducted in the Portland, Oregon, metropolitan area during the mid‐1990s. Evidence presented from exploratory analysis indicates an urban/suburban differential, with less daily travel and smaller activity spaces for urban households. Investigation of the travel reduction potential of the proposed land‐use strategy suggests that location effects could be offset by adjustments to household sociodemographic and mobility characteristics.     

Evolution of Campus Form from the Perspective of Knowledge Science

Through analyzing influence of various factors on spatial form of campus, the author proposed from the perspective of knowledge science that orientation and mode of knowledge activities play a decisive role in the spatial form evolution of campus, and then demonstrated the viewpoint by elaborating spatial form evolution history of campuses of different ages in different regions. On this basis, the future development trend of campus form in the information era was explored.     

Space Resources Planning and Design of Rail Transit Station in Chongqing

According to the study on 39 sites of rail transit Line 3 in Chongqing, the sites are classifi ed into three types: residential type, business center type, traffi c hub type in this paper. The study shows that the sites have many problems such as discordance of land use, severity of spatial segregation, low rate of site utilization. To solve these problems, development approaches of site space resources within 1,000 m around the site area are further explored. The approaches include four aspects: characteristics of land use, functional composite, walking guide and shuttle transportation. In addition, appropriate planning and design methods are proposed.     

基于乡土化的高校景观特色营造研究——山东交通学院长清校区景观设计解析

在对乡土化高校景观解读的基础上,分析其建设的迫切性,通过对山东交通学院长清校区景观设计的解析,探讨在高校景观设计中,如何分析利用基地条件和挖掘乡土素材进行设计,塑造具有乡土特色的校园环境。最后通过对中国已建成的比较优秀的乡土化高校景观的对比分析,提出进一步改进的对策。     

Education and Household Location in Chicago

This paper examines the choice of residential location in the city of Chicago versus its suburban areas. Data from the 5 percent Public Use Microdata Sample from the 1990 and 2000 Census of Population and Housing are used. Particular attention is given to the effects of educational attainment. Place of work continues to dominate the residential location decision. However, conditioning on place of work, demographics, and income, educational attainment is found to be statistically significant in residential choice of the city versus the suburbs in 2000 for non‐Hispanic whites, especially those with graduate degrees. In contrast, more educated African‐Americans and Hispanics tend to locate in suburban areas.     

Research on Characteristics, Problem and Improvement Suggestions of Traffic for Chinese Old People

Trend of aging has raised new requirements for Chinese city transportation system. Based on the sum-up of trip characteristics of elderly people, some adaptability problems of current transportation system were pointed out, concerning accessibility, transit reliability and comfort, walking environment, and barrier -free facility. Then, according to experience of foreign countries, some improvement suggestions were raised here, such as development of transit, construction of barrier - free facility, improvement of walking environment, and traffic safety education.     

北京郊区农业土地承包信息管理系统的构建及应用

为提高农村土地经营管理信息化、土地集约利用,依据北京郊区土地经营现状和承包管理特点,利用Oracle数据库、ArcGIS Engine、ArcSDE和3S等相关技术手段构建了北京郊区农业土地承包信息管理系统;开展了多源异构数据融合、分布式虚拟访问、PDA现场绘制承包地块与属性编辑、成果上报与数据更新等关键技术研究,实现了定性分析、定量计算和直观展示相结合的空间一体化管理,同时利用郊区承包经营地块基础信息采集机PDA(Personal Digital Assistant)进行野外经营地块基础数据的快速采集与更新。该系统可以实现查询与统计、农业土地流转管理、农业灾害评估与农业保险、农产品安全保障等方面的空间辅助决策业务管理,促进了农业土地经营管理由传统粗放型向精细化、科学化的综合管理决策模式转变,为各级政府农村管理部门决策提供数据依据和分析工具,对首都基层三农发展具有重要的意义。     

重庆市城郊区不同土地利用方式对土壤养分及酶活性的影响——以北碚区歇马镇为例

为了探讨城郊区不同土地利用方式对土壤养分及酶活性的影响,采用野外采样及试验室分析方法,对重庆市城郊区4种土地利用方式下的土壤养分含量及酶活性进行研究。结果表明：不同土地利用方式下土壤养分及酶活性存在较大差异。对于土壤养分含量而言,0~60 cm土层有机质和碱解氮均以水田最高;速效磷0~40 cm以旱地最高,表现为：旱地>菜地>水田>果园,40~60 cm表现为：旱地>水田>菜地>果园;速效钾0~20 cm以果园最高,其次是水田,再次是旱地,最后是菜地。土壤脲酶活性在0~20 cm具体表现为：旱地>菜地>水田>果园;过氧化氢酶活性在0~20 cm具体表现为：水田>果园=菜地>旱地。不同土地利用方式的土壤速效养分在各层基本达到显著水平,土壤酶活性差异显著性不明显（P<0.05）。     

Active transportation indicators and establishing baseline in a developing country context: A study of Rajshahi,Bangladesh

This paper shares the findings of an active transportation (AT) study conducted in the context of a city in a developing country. First, a list of AT indicators was developed based on the literature review and expert opinion survey. Second, a face-to-face survey was conducted to collect information on individuals' socio-demographic characteristics, travel behavior, AT mode choice, and their perceptions regarding the AT conditions in their neighborhoods. Analysis of the survey results suggests that several socio-demographic characteristics are associated with AT use. For example, young adults and individuals with low income are the primary users of AT. Also, results suggest that students are mainly active commuters. The ratio of AT use increases with the number of bicycles in the household. Individuals tend to walk more when travel duration is less than 10 minutes. Educational areas are perceived as safer and convenient areas for using active modes of transport compared to other land-use types. Also, a higher proportion of active commuters perceive local roads to be safer from vehicular traffic compared to main roads. Many sectors such as planning, transportation, health, and education as well as non-government organizations will be benefited from this study.     

Location choice of industrial land reduction in Metropolitan Area: Evidence from Shanghai in China

Under the background of supply side structural reform of the land market, this paper constructs a location choice behavior model of reduction from the perspective of rent maximization, explores how these factors affect the industrial land reduction location choice. We consider 100 industrial parcels in the suburbs of Shanghai as an example to analyze. It is found that the enterprises in development zones have greater advantages in economies of scale, labor productivity, pollution treatment, and tax payments than enterprises outside the development zone, so the low-efficiency enterprises outside the development zones are the preferred objects of reduction. The suburban areas have a stronger attraction than the outer suburbs in the process of location choice, and the closer the city center is, the more obvious the location advantages of enterprises in development zones. Under the control of the total amount of construction land, the land use structure should be constantly adjusted, inefficient enterprises outside the development zone should be preferred to the reduction object, and the government should actively guide enterprises to enter the development zones.     

快速城市化地区土地利用变化及其驱动因子的研究——以重庆市北碚区为例

目前快速城市化地区土地利用变化研究是土地研究的热点之一。为了研究快速城市化地区土地利用变化及其驱动因子,将快速城市化地区划分为城区、郊区和工业主导区3个部分,分2个时段研究了2002-2010年各分区土地利用的时空变化,并分析了土地利用变化驱动因子。研究结果表明,土地利用变化的热点集中在城区和工业主导区;2006-2010年研究区土地利用变化幅度要明显大于2002-2006年,其中两期建设用地分别增加806.40 hm2、3112.91 hm2;耕地、林地等地类大规模减少,二者两期减少之和均占减少总面积的85%以上,建设用地迅速增加;经济发展、外部政策干扰是刺激土地利用变化的主要因素。在土地利用和产业规划过程中进行用地分析,科学实施规划改善土地利用结构,保护水体、林地、耕地等地类,提高土地利用率是保护耕地、林地等地类的关键因素。     

北京郊区自然资源与社会经济信息管理平台研发与建设

为提升北京郊区农村信息化和都市型现代农业水平,依据郊区农村和农业现状,利用Oracle数据库、ArcSDE和3S等相关技术手段构建了北京郊区自然资源与社会经济信息管理平台。从前期准备、系统平台开发、平台测试、平台培训、平台运行与维护和数据更新等角度讨论了该系统平台的研发与建设工作,同时指出了系统平台建设的主要特点及需要注意的几个方面。实践证明,该系统平台可以实现北京郊区自然资源与社会经济信息的空间一体化管理,为各级政府农村和农业管理部门决策提供数据依据和分析工具,对首都社会主义新农村建设具有重要的意义,有一定的推广价值。     

近郊与远郊农户耕地投入偏好差异研究——基于云南省512户农户调查

农户对耕地投入的偏好,关系到耕地可持续利用与粮食安全。采用参与式农村评估方法,对云南省5对典型的近、远郊村512农户进行随机问卷调查,定量对比分析近、远郊村农户对耕地投入的偏好差异。结果表明：无论是劳动、机械、资金还是总投入,近郊村户均投入明显低于远郊村而地均投入则高于远郊村,近郊村耕地利用集约度比远郊村高;在耕地投入结构中,近、远郊村劳动投入均占绝大部分,但近郊村农户对劳动投入偏好强于远郊村而对资金投入偏好则弱于远郊村;对于耕地进一步投入意愿,大部分农户基本保持不变,但农户总体倾向于减少劳动力投入而增加资金投入,且远郊村比近郊村更为突出;农户总体趋向增加“好”质量耕地投入而减少“差”质量耕地投入,且远郊村比近郊村更为突出。应尽快采取措施促使农村特别是远郊村耕地顺利流转而扩大耕地流转规模,尽早实现耕地的规模经营与可持续性投入。     

Study on Color of University Library Appearance

By analyzing colors of university library appearance,functional,symbolic and cultural functions were taken as the foudnation of color application,special color systems of university library appearance were summarized to contruct a campus suitable for living and studying of students,and bring them sense of scenario,comfot and belonging.     

中观视角下西宁市工业用地集约利用评价

城市工业用地评价是城市土地集约利用潜力评价的重要组成部分。以西宁市市区2008年工业用地数据为依据,选取评价指标体系,确定指标权重构建评价模型,选择样本片区作为功能区的代表,运用综合评价法评价工业功能区的土地集约利用程度,并对工业用地的规模潜力和经济潜力进行测算。结果表明：（1）西宁市工业用地集约利用处于适度利用水平,适度利用和低度利用土地分别占工业功能区用地面积的88.06%和11.94%。（2）西宁市工业用地集约利用潜力较大,其中绝对规模潜力为853.99 hm2,相对规模潜力为33.73%;经济潜力为25885.30万元,单位经济潜力为1676.51元/m2。     

Analysis of Space Design of a Campus Square from the Perspective of Humanity:A Case Study of Sanjiacun Square in Xiamen University

The behavior styles of students which are the main service groups of Sanjiacun Square in Xiamen University were surveyed and analyzed firstly from the aspects of their perception,use and assessment of the square space,and then strategies to design the square space in the campus from the perspective of humanity were summarized to provide scientific references for the design of a square space in an university campus.     

Innovation in suburban development zones: Evidence from Nanjing,China

While suburban areas have been typically related with urban sprawl, low density, cheap land price and low‐end manufacturing industries, relatively little attention has been paid to the spatial organization of innovation in suburban areas. In some Chinese cities, development zones (kai fa qu) in their suburban areas which are generally regarded as major spaces for traditional manufacturing industries have been transforming into spaces for innovation. This paper provides a case study of Nanjing, the capital of Jiangsu province in Eastern China by investigating and explaining the learning and innovation processes in suburban development zones. Drawing upon a unique database on 733 state‐certified high‐tech firms in Nanjing from 2008 to 2012 which contains detailed information on their addresses and number of patents, we observe strong spatial disparity in the distribution of innovation. Suburban districts of Nanjing where its three national‐level development zones and many provincial‐level development zones are located have become major spaces for innovation of the city. The planning of industrial clusters in development zones, the place‐based investment in the suburbs, and the suburbanization of universities are three major mechanisms behind the learning and innovation processes in Nanjing’s suburban development zones.     

寒冷地区校园度日数法建筑能耗基准线的确定方法

校园建筑面积的迅速增长,导致校园建筑能耗占社会总能耗的比重越来越大。为了加强节约型校园建设管理,在建筑能耗基准线理论方法学的基础上,进行校园建筑能耗基准线的测算与研究。基于大量的能耗数据,笔者对校园建筑进行分类研究,提出了在使用功能分类的基础上将公共教学建筑按照空调系统形式进行细化分类的方法。最后采用四分位数法测算了各类校园建筑能耗基准线,提出低能耗水平、平均能耗水平和高能耗水平三类基准线,并给出实际应用中的建筑能耗基准线的修正方法。     

基于GIS的中国农业大学校园功能区评价

首先简单介绍了数字化校园的选题背景和研究现状,提出了利用GIS对校园功能区面积进行数据采集、处理以及分析的几个关键步骤。利用超图（SuperMap）软件,通过图纸扫描化、图像拼接、影像配准、矢量化、获取面积几个过程,获取了中国农业大学主要功能区的空间数据,并结合学校的学生人数,根据教育部的相关规定,得出了农大校园教学楼、宿舍、食堂等生活设施的评价结果,发现了中国农业大学校园环境存在的优势和不足,并对不足之处提出了建议。