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1.
四种暖季型禾草对水分胁迫的生理响应   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
为筛选出西南地区适宜种植的暖季型禾草种类,以毛花雀稗(Paspalum dilatatum Poir)、小毛花雀稗(Paspalum urville S.)、柳枝稷(Panicum. virgatum L.)和非洲狗尾草(Setaria anceps)为材料,采用盆栽控水方法,研究干旱胁迫对植物叶片相对含水量、光合参数、游离脯氨酸含量和丙二醛含量等生理生化指标的影响。结果表明,随干旱时间的延长,几种暖季型禾草都表现出相对含水量下降、光合速率和蒸腾速率下降、气孔导度下降、游离脯氨酸含量上升、丙二醛含量上升等特征,但几种暖季型禾草的反应及复水后各指标的恢复能力各不相同。通过上述6项指标综合评价后初步认为,几种暖季型禾草的抗旱性顺序为柳枝稷>小毛花雀稗>非洲狗尾草>毛花雀稗。  相似文献   

2.
【研究目的】为了评价不同玉米自交系的抗旱性,探究生理指标与抗旱性、恢复能力和综合抗旱能力之间的关系。【方法】本研究以19份自交系为材料,采用盆栽称重控水法对苗期玉米进行中度旱胁迫及复水,测定生物量、叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量、Fv/Fm、脯氨酸含量和抗氧化酶活性对干旱和复水的响应。【结果】分析发现自交系‘郑8713’、‘郑63’和‘昌7-2’的抗旱性、恢复能力和综合抗旱能力均较强,自交系‘郑C112’、‘郑718’和‘郑6722’虽然抗旱性较弱,但是恢复能力和综合抗旱能力较强,自交系‘郑3733’、‘郑E846’和‘郑36’恢复能力较弱,但是抗旱能力和综合抗旱能力很强;同时发现类胡萝卜素与抗旱性之间呈现显著的相关性(P=0.503*),POD抗氧化酶与复水后的恢复能力之间关系显著(P=0.421*),Fv/Fm与综合抗旱性之间呈显著的相关性(P=-0.456*),叶绿素含量与抗旱性(P=0.468*)和复水后的恢复能力(P=0.407*)之间均呈现显著的相关性。【结论】以上结果为培育抗旱型品种提供优良的种质资源,同时为玉米抗旱性、恢复能力及综合抗旱能力的筛选与鉴定提供一定的指导意义。  相似文献   

3.
    
The cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) is presently discussed as a promising alternative to silage maize for biomethane production in Germany. It is assumed that the cup plant develops a profound root system, contributing decisively to the drought tolerance of this crop. This study is aimed at providing the first experimental data on root growth and water uptake of this novel biogas crop. Root morphological characteristics of the cup plant were studied at six sites differing in soil type. Root samplings were made at the time of maximum root expansion (flowering). In a 2‐year field experiment at an additional location, continuous measurements of root development and soil water acquisition during the growth cycle were taken under contrasting water supply, together with maize (Zea mays L.) and lucerne grass (mixture of Medicago sativa L. with Festuca pratensis Huds. and Phleum pratense L.) as reference crops. The cup plant attained maximum rooting depths of 80–240 cm. The root length density was comparable to that of maize, but markedly lower than that of lucerne grass. Despite the cup plant's higher potential evapotranspiration and similar water‐use efficiency, its soil water extraction ability was significantly lower than that of lucerne grass. Compared with maize and lucerne grass, the cup plant showed no outstanding ability to cope with drought stress by means of its root system. Because of its high potential evapotranspiration, the cup plant can attain biomass yields comparable to those of maize only at sites with high water supply.  相似文献   

4.
不同水氮处理对玉米氮素诊断指标的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
朱娟娟  梁银丽 《作物学报》2011,37(7):1259-1265
SPAD-502叶绿素仪与Dualex-3多酚仪均可诊断作物的氮素营养状况, 为了探讨不同水分条件下该指标对作物施氮量的响应, 以玉米品种Pioneer 38B84为研究对象, 在温室盆栽条件下, 研究3个土壤水分水平(干旱、干旱后复水和水分良好)和4个施氮水平(0、50、50+75和200 kg hm-2), 即12个处理对植物含氮量、SPAD值、Dualex值以及SPAD/Dualex比值的影响。结果表明, 植物含氮量、SPAD值和SPAD/Dualex比值均随施氮量的增加而增加, Dualex值随施氮量的增加而减少。干旱胁迫初期, 植物含氮量、SPAD值和SPAD/Dualex比值迅速下降, Dualex值迅速增加;随着干旱胁迫时间的推进, 各指标逐渐呈相反趋势变化。干旱复水后, 植物含氮量、Dualex值和SPAD/Dualex比值逐渐恢复, 然而SPAD值恢复较小。SPAD值(r=0.92)、Dualex值(r= -0.86)及SPAD/Dualex(r=0.63)值与植物含氮量呈极显著的相关性, 但试验后期, 由于生长阶段的不同, SPAD值和Dualex值与植物含氮量在干旱条件下(SPAD:r=0.90;Dualex:r= -0.83)的相关性高于在水分良好条件下(SPAD:r=0.39; Dualex:r= -0.44)。通过比较不同水分条件下, SPAD值、Dualex值和SPAD/Dualex值对不同施氮量的响应, 发现Dualex值在不同水分条件下均能较好地反应施氮水平。  相似文献   

5.
为了解5种冷季型牧草种子萌发期的抗旱性,采用聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟干旱,分别以5%、10%、15%聚乙二醇溶液作渗透介质,研究了不同干旱胁迫对紫花苜蓿、白三叶、多年生黑麦草、红三叶和细弱翦股颖等5种牧草种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数等4个指标的影响。研究结果表明:随PEG-6000浓度的增加,白三叶、紫花苜蓿、多年生黑麦草、细弱翦股颖的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数都呈现下降趋势;红三叶在5%的水分胁迫下发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数均高于对照。经回归统计检验和系统聚类分析综合评价结果,该5种牧草种子抗旱性强弱依次为:细弱翦股颖>红三叶>紫花苜蓿>白三叶>多年生黑麦草。  相似文献   

6.
大麦(Hordeum valgue L.)是一优质能量饲料作物,刈割是牧草管理的一种常规方式。为了研究刈割对大麦作为青(贮)饲的影响,以4份不同生态区具代表性的大麦新品种(系)为对象,分析了不同刈割茬次与刈割时期对大麦饲草产量与品质的影响。结果表明,所有品种第1茬饲草产量与品质均高于第2茬,重复刈割导致产草量不同程度下降,其中‘盐丰1号’降幅最小(13.0%),表现出较强的耐刈性。再次刈割,所有品种干鲜比、粗灰分含量增加,粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量下降,粗纤维、钙、磷含量变化因品种而异。分蘖期刈割大麦,营养物质含量高于灌浆期刈割,适口性好,可直接用作青饲料,且有利于植株再生。因此,2次刈割可于分蘖期开始,选用耐刈性好的大麦品种,分蘖期刈割大麦可直接用作青饲,灌浆期刈割可作为青贮饲料。  相似文献   

7.
Hail damage was simulated with defoliation, leaf tearing and damage to ears and stems, applied at five stages and three levels of intensity on forage maize grown in Belgium. Leaf tearing alone had little effect on total dry matter yield. Decrease of yield was the highest when treatments were applied around tasseling-anthesis. Effects on total dry matter content were small.  相似文献   

8.
    
Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) is an important temperate legume for livestock production systems. Lucerne requires a recovery period after a defoliation event so that taproot energy and nutrient stores can be replenished. A field experiment examined the effects of recovery period management following defoliation, on lucerne herbage production and nutritive value at two contrasting sites in Victoria, Australia. Sites were established at Rutherglen and Hamilton, using established SARDI Seven lucerne stands. Treatments were short recovery (SR; plots cut at 21‐day intervals), long recovery (LR; plots cut at 42‐day intervals), new shoots (NS; plots cut when new shoots from the crown were at least 2 cm long) and new shoots + flowering (NSF; as for NS but plots were left to grow to reach late flowering from late summer to mid‐autumn). At each defoliation, measurements were made of phenology, dry matter production and herbage nutrient concentrations (neutral detergent fibre, crude protein, metabolisable energy and water‐soluble carbohydrate %). Persistence was measured at approximately 6‐month intervals. At both sites, lucerne persisted equally well in all treatments although SR showed some decline at Hamilton at the final measurement. LR led to a more productive pasture (in terms of cumulative dry matter, neutral detergent fibre, crude protein, metabolisable energy and water‐soluble carbohydrate %) than the three other treatments. The results indicate that phenological management systems that allow lucerne to replenish reserves through late summer and autumn are unnecessary in mild winter environments.  相似文献   

9.
    
Stylosanthes capitata Vogel is a C3 forage legume widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical pastures. However, the nutrient dynamics of this species under future climate change is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the nutrient content, nutrient accumulation, nutrient use efficiency and growth of S. capitata exposed to increased [CO2] and temperature under field conditions using two levels of atmospheric [CO2] (ambient and elevated—600 ppm) and two canopy temperature (ambient and elevated—2°C). Treatments were applied at field conditions, for 30 days, using a free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) and a free-air temperature-controlled enhancement (T-FACE) systems. Warming showed no effects on macronutrient content, but increased the accumulation of nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulphur, the nutrient use efficiency and root dry mass. Elevated [CO2] alone had no effect on most of the parameters evaluated. However, the combination of elevated [CO2] with warming improved the nutrient accumulation, nutrient use efficiency and whole-plant growth more than under isolated conditions of elevated [CO2] or warming. Based on our short-term results, we concluded that an increment of atmospheric [CO2] and temperature will benefit S. capitata growth, suggesting no alterations in the actual fertilizer programs for this species.  相似文献   

10.
A 3-year experiment was conducted on an extensively managed hay meadow to assess the effect of management intensity and sward density on growth of meadow fescue. Two management treatments, intensive (6 cuts, 240 kg N ha−1 year−1) and extensive (3 cuts, 75 kg N ha−1 year−1), with and without gaps around the meadow fescue plants, were applied.
The highest yields were obtained under frequent defoliation. The yield of meadow fescue when grown in gaps increased four- to fivefold on an area basis in the first growing season, and reached a factor of 17 the following year. However, the difference between the treatments with and without gaps decreased strongly during the third growing season.
The contribution of meadow fescue to the total yield remained high and constant in swards with gaps combined with extensive management for the 3 years. In contrast, in swards with gaps combined with intensive management, the yield contribution of meadow fescue decreased, and in swards without gaps it remained very low under both management regimes.
The results show that meadow fescue was a weak competitor. Its response to management intensity was strongly affected by light intensity and soil water content. Low light intensity and dry top soils enhanced the suppression of meadow fescue.  相似文献   

11.
采用盆栽法,在3种披碱草属牧草苗期对其进行水分胁迫,测定幼苗叶片相对含水量、细胞膜透性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛含量及游离脯氨酸含量等指标,以对其抗旱性做初步研究。结果表明,3种牧草的叶片相对含水量呈下降趋势;细胞膜透性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、游离脯氨酸含量及丙二醛含量均呈增加趋势。初步评价,3种牧草苗期对干旱胁迫的耐受性强弱顺序为:披碱草加拿大披碱草老芒麦。  相似文献   

12.
栽培稻叶结构、水分生理与抗旱性关系研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
摘 要:增强栽培稻品种的抗旱性是稻作节水生产的重要途径。稻作种质资源抗旱相关指标的研究是改良稻作品种抗旱性的重要依据。选择抗旱性差异明显的四种类型稻作种质,采用三种干旱胁迫方式,对孕穗期植株叶片的叶肉厚、中脉粗、叶片相对含水量及叶片保水率进行了考察,分析稻作种质在三种处理下各性状相互之间的内在关联及其与品种抗旱性的关系;结果表明叶肉厚、中脉粗、叶片相对含水量及叶片保水率在干旱胁迫下均表现为旱稻类型高于水稻类型。轻度干旱下的叶肉厚与成熟期生物量抗旱指数DRIm2-B极显著相关,与孕穗期生物量抗旱指数DRIm2-H显著性相关。重度干旱下的中脉粗与DRIm2-B极显著相关,重度干旱下的叶片保水率与重度干旱产量抗旱指数DRIm2-Y显著相关,中脉粗和叶片相对含水量在四种种质类型中差异不明显;孕穗期叶肉厚和叶片保水率可分别作为稻作种质抗旱性研究和评价的两个指标。  相似文献   

13.
茶树抗旱机理和抗旱育种研究进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
茶树原产于中国西南地区,喜温暖潮湿的气候条件,其中水分对茶树的生长十分重要。笔者对茶树在干旱胁迫条件下的抗旱机理研究以及抗旱育种的现状进行综述,针对当前研究中存在的问题并结合当前分子生物学的发展,提出今后在茶树抗旱研究的研究重点:一是利用现代功能基因组研究技术,发掘更多的抗旱基因,深入研究茶树的抗旱机制;二是加强茶树转基因工程的研究。  相似文献   

14.
为了筛选适宜沧州地区旱碱地种植的玉米品种并为玉米抗旱性提供依据,选取了当地和引进的11个玉米品种,于室内芽苗期抗旱剂胁迫鉴定及田间旱地、水浇地两种生态环境种植鉴定比较其耐旱性。研究表明,萌发期玉米抗旱指数、相对发芽率‘大玉3号’最高,分别为0.92、91.91;苗期玉米株高和根长以‘大玉3号’的伤害率最小,其次是‘承玉23’;对‘秀青74-9’的伤害率最大;田间整个生育期的鉴定表明‘大玉3号’、‘承玉23’、‘中单909’的抗旱系数和抗旱指数最高抗旱性最好,分别为1.22、1.23、1.07。由此可见,‘大玉3号’、‘承玉23’、‘中单909’较适宜沧州旱碱地种植。  相似文献   

15.
以3种豆科藤本植物(厚果鸡血藤、喙果鸡血藤、常春油麻藤)为试验材料,采取PEG6000溶液对其根系进行渗透处理,探讨3种藤本植物的抗旱特性,以期为3种藤本植物今后的相关研究及应用提供理论依据。结果表明:随着PEG6000的浓度增大,3种藤本植物叶片细胞膜透性、可溶性总糖含量、MDA含量呈现不同程度的增加,叶绿素含量呈现下降趋势。3种藤本植物抗旱性强弱为:常春油麻藤>喙果鸡血藤>厚果鸡血藤。  相似文献   

16.
为了解不同树种的水势变化差异,为评价喀斯特地区不同造林树种的耐旱性提供理论依据,通过对六种喀斯特造林树种在不同生长季节叶片水势的时间变化的测定以及其与外界环境的关系的分析,结果表明:(1)6个树种苗木叶片水势日变化趋势为:早晨苗木叶片水势最高,随着气温的上升,水势逐渐降低,中午或午后达到最低值,随后又随气温的下降逐渐提高,形成单峰(侧柏、香樟、杜英)或者双峰(滇柏、刺槐、构树)曲线;(2)6个树种苗木在生长初期(4月份)水势最高,随着气温的升高,水势逐渐下降,在生长旺期(8月份)达到最低值,随后随着气温的逐渐降低又逐渐升高,不同树种升高幅度不同。(3)6个树种苗木在3个不同生长期内其叶片水势绝对值与大气温度呈正相关关系,与大气相对湿度之间则呈负相关关系。  相似文献   

17.
四川冬小麦新品种(系)抗旱性鉴定及分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
干旱是四川麦区常发的自然灾害之一,培育抗旱性品种是一条抵御干旱既经济而又有效的途径。为探究四川麦区现有品种(系)的抗旱能力,采用小麦全生育期旱棚鉴定法,对四川省15个品种(系)进行抗旱性鉴定,并与北方抗旱品种‘洛旱7号’比较分析。根据国家《小麦抗旱性鉴定评价技术规范》标准,以籽粒产量抗旱指数为核心指标,以有效穗、千粒重、穗粒数及株高抗旱系数为重要参考指标。15个小麦新品种(系)中产量抗旱指数以‘川重组125’最高,抗旱能力较强;W138、‘10间236’、N08-51、BL227、‘川11131’、BL08512、10BMY12(杂交小麦)抗旱能力为中等;‘南30-7’、‘内3416’、L08-969、GHM3、‘南04-59’、HZ10-28、ym09-6抗旱能力处于较弱水平。在干旱胁迫下小麦各农艺性状均受损,但损伤程度存在差异。以株高受损最重,抗旱系数变幅在0.652~0.778之间;其次是有效穗,抗旱系数变幅在0.662~0.830之间;再次是穗粒数,抗旱系数变幅在0.724~0.866之间;最后是千粒重,抗旱系数变幅在0.807~1.013之间。从参试的15个小麦品种(系)来看,四川小麦品种与北方小麦品种相比,抗旱能力处于整体偏弱水平。  相似文献   

18.
不同高产玉米品种抗旱性的比较研究   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
为了有效筛选出适合鲁东半干旱区应用的夏玉米品种,以山东省目前主推的9个玉米品种为试材,通过2010-2011年连续2年防雨棚控水干旱试验,以抗旱隶属度、抗旱指数为评价参数,对各品种进行抗旱性综合评价。结果表明,干旱胁迫导致各品种玉米株高、穗位高、穗长、穗粒重均不同程度地降低,茎秆变细,秃尖变长,产量降低。年份间比较,2011年夏玉米植株性状、穗部性状、地上部干物重、产量均显著高于2010年。以茎秆性状、穗部性状、地上部干物重及产量指标隶属度的平均值为综合评价标准,‘登海701’为典型抗旱性品种;‘莱农14’、‘农大108’、‘金海5号’为抗旱性较强的品种;‘登海662’、‘郑单958’、‘中科11’、‘浚单20’为抗旱性弱的品种;‘青农105’在2年内的隶属度值差异较大,其抗旱性有待进一步研究。  相似文献   

19.
    
Helianthus argophyllus is a wild species known as “silver sunflower”, which possesses several traits, including morphological traits that increase drought tolerance. Therefore, introgressions between chosen cultivated lines and two H. argophyllus accessions were made, and segregating generations were established. Important agronomic traits including single heading, high pollen fertility, silver canopy (indicating more cuticular wax), and content of cuticular waxes and oil were selected over six segregating generations. The resulting F6 lines showed introgression of water saving traits, as they had lower excise leaf water loss, with comparable yield to standard checks. However, these F6 lines were late maturing and showed poor flowering synchronization between the cultivated and introgressed lines. Introgressed line “D‐22” was particularly promising as a breeding line, with superior agronomic and drought resistance traits. This line had the potential to be used as an inbred parental line for introgression of drought resistance traits into elite sunflower germplasm. Combining ability analysis of the introgressed lines further showed their potential for heterosis breeding or to be used as parental lines in breeding programme.  相似文献   

20.
不同灌木品种抗旱性机理研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
为给乌兰布和沙区主要抗旱树种的筛选提供理论依据,在不同土壤水分条件下,对乌兰布和沙漠地区5 种灌木(柠条、籽蒿、网状沙拐枣、唐古特白刺和花棒)的抗旱生理指标进行测定,采用主成分分析法对5 种灌木进行综合评价。结果表明:(1)在不同土壤水分条件下柠条的水分饱和亏、束缚水、束/自、叶绿素含量均高于其他灌木。(2)采用主成分分析法对5 种灌木水分生理参数进行综合评价,5 种灌木的抗旱性由强到弱顺序依次为:柠条>白刺>沙拐枣>花棒>籽蒿。  相似文献   

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