PM 10/15: Disinfestation of production site against Thrips palmi

Specific scope

This standard describes a treatment programme aimed at eradication of Thrips palmi, which is absent from the EPPO region. It is recognized that not all treatments will be available in EPPO countries and emergency procedures (special restrictions) may be required to permit implementation of such an intensive treatment programme. It is recognized that in implementing this intensive treatment programme Maximum Residue Levels may be exceeded and as such the product(s) may not be suitable for consumption. A risk assessment of the programme will need to be made by individual countries.

Specific approval and amendment

First approved in 2009–09.

     

PM 10/14 (1): Disinfestation of production site against Liriomyza sativae

Specific scope

This standard describes a treatment programme aimed at eradication of Liriomyza sativae in those parts of the EPPO region where it is not established. It is recognized that not all treatments (active substances) will be available in EPPO countries and emergency procedures (special restrictions) may be required to permit implementation of such an intensive treatment programme. It is recognized that in implementing this intensive treatment programme maximum residue levels may be exceeded and as such the product(s) may not be suitable for consumption. A risk assessment of this programme will need to be made by individual countries in order to assess a particular situation.

Specific approval and amendment

First approved in 2009–09.

     

PM 10/17 (1): Treatment of plants for planting (cuttings) of Euphorbia pulcherrima for eradication of Bemisia tabaci

Specific scope

This standard describes a treatment programme aimed at eradication of Bemisia tabaci on poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) cuttings.

Specific approval and amendment

First approved in 2011‐09.     

6种杀虫剂对Q型烟粉虱的田间防治效果及抗性测定

本文测试了6种常用杀虫剂对黄瓜上Q型烟粉虱的田间防治效果,并进行室内毒力测定,以确定Q型烟粉虱对不同药剂的抗性。结果表明,施药后第3天,阿维菌素防治效果达78.8%,其次为苦参&;#8226;内酯,防效达65.1%,其他药剂防效低于45%;施药7d后,6种供试杀虫剂防效均下降到45%以下,且药剂间的差异不显著。毒力测定显示,Q型烟粉虱对6种常用杀虫剂均产生不同程度的抗性,且抗性水平高于B型。其中,Q型对高效氯氰菊酯抗性（抗性倍数47.69）显著高于B型（抗性倍数7.19）;对阿维菌素抗性则相对较低,抗性指数仅为4.40;对苦参碱、啶虫脒和吡虫啉的抗性居中（抗性倍数4.57~9.44）。     

球孢白僵菌对烟粉虱和小菜蛾的致病力及其侵染差异分析

为研究球孢白僵菌对不同昆虫的致病力及其在昆虫体表侵染的差异,探讨球孢白僵菌对不同寄主昆虫侵染的毒力差异,本研究选择了不同分离来源的9株球孢白僵菌,以半翅目的烟粉虱和鳞翅目的小菜蛾为试验材料,详细比较了球孢白僵菌对烟粉虱2龄若虫和小菜蛾2龄幼虫的毒力差异,以及在侵染过程中孢子吸附、孢子萌发及芽管伸长速度差异。结果表明,9株球孢白僵菌有6株对2种昆虫毒力差异显著,3个菌株差异不显著。对2种昆虫毒力差异不显著的菌株Bb271在2种昆虫体表单位面积的孢子吸附数量、孢子萌发率和芽管伸长速度均无显著差异;对2种昆虫毒力差异显著的2个菌株Bb104和Bb120在2种昆虫体表单位面积的孢子吸附数量和孢子萌发率无显著差异,但在2种昆虫体表的芽管伸长速度差异显著（P<0.05）。因此,从本研究结果来看,球孢白僵菌对不同昆虫的致病力强弱与昆虫体表单位面积的孢子吸附数量和孢子萌发率无关,与球孢白僵菌在昆虫体表的芽管伸长速度有关。芽管伸长速度可以作为球孢白僵菌菌株对寄主昆虫致病力强弱的形态学依据。     

蜡蚧轮枝菌(Lecanicillium lecanii)Bj085-1菌株对烟粉虱的毒力测定

蜡蚧轮枝菌(Lecanicillium lecanii)Bj085-1菌株分生孢子配成1.1×104～1.1×108孢子/mL的5个处理浓度,以京郊尚未喷药的温室采集的烟粉虱(Bemisia tabaci)为试材,采用点滴法对其2龄若虫进行室内毒力测定。结果表明,浓度为1.1×104孢子/mL的Bj085-1分生孢子对烟粉虱若虫的LT50为11.568 d,且随浓度增加其杀虫速度加快。浓度增至1.1×106孢子/mL时,杀虫速度最快,尔后,随着浓度增加速度又有所下降。此外,将Bj085-1菌株经大米培养基培养所得分生孢子配成1.1×107孢子/mL的处理浓度,分2次(间隔7 d)对田间置于纱笼罩栽植的清洁番茄苗上3个不同虫口密度的烟粉虱若虫进行低量喷施防治试验。结果表明,Bj085-1菌株对室外笼罩中的烟粉虱也具有较好的防治效果。     

The transmission of geminiviruses by Bemisia tabaci

The cosmopolitan whitefly species, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and Trialeurodes taporariorum (Westwood) have always been regarded as pests to a large range of worldwide crops. Both species are capable of transmitting plant viruses, with T. vaporariorum being the vector of only a few ‘clostero’-like viruses and B. tabaci the vector of viruses in several groups. The largest group of viruses transmitted by B. tabaci are the geminiviruses and B. tabaci is known to transmit around 60 members. Until recently, B. tabaci had been associated with only a limited range of host plants within any one region, although its total potential host range was large. Virus transmission was confined within the plant host range of each regional population of B. tabaci. The emergence of the polyphagous ‘B’ biotype of B. tabaci with its increased host range of more than 600 plant species, has resulted in geminiviruses infecting previously unaffected crops. As the ‘B’ biotype spreads further into Europe, European field and glasshouse crops have been shown to be susceptible to whitefly-transmitted viruses already endemic to other parts of the world. More than 20 colonies of B. tabaci, including both ‘B’ and non-‘B’ biotypes from disparate global locations have been compared for their ability to transmit more than 20 geminiviruses. All but two highly host-specific colonies were capable of transmitting most geminiviruses tested. However, some viruses were transmitted more efficiently than others. The virus coat protein or capsid is essential for vector recognition and transmission. By comparing transmissible viruses at the molecular level to viruses that are no longer whitefly-transmissible, the active epitope on the virus coat protein could be identified for designing future virus control strategies.     

Effectiveness of thiamethoxam and imidacloprid seed treatments against Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on cotton

BACKGROUND: Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B is one of the most important pests on cotton around the world. Laboratory, greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy of thiamethoxam and imidacloprid seed treatments against B. tabaci on cotton. RESULTS: Under laboratory conditions, the two treatments caused whitefly adult mortality, reduced oviposition and increased mortality of nymphs at 10, 20, 30 and 40 days after germination (DAG). The longer the adults fed on plants from treated seeds, the higher the mortality. The two treatments did not have any effect on eggs. The efficacy of the treated seeds against B. tabaci gradually decreased from 10 to 40 DAG, being the lowest at 40 DAG. In laboratory experiments, the efficacies between the two treatments were similar. In greenhouse experiments, the two treatments were equally effective with lower numbers of whiteflies than untreated controls. With both treatments the concentrations of the active ingredient were gradually reduced with aging of the plants and from the bottom to the top leaves of the plants. Numbers of live whiteflies were well correlated with the dosage of active ingredients. Under field conditions, the seeds treated with both insecticides exhibited similar efficacy against B. tabaci for up to ～2 months. CONCLUSION: Cotton seeds treated with imidacloprid and thiamethoxam were effective against B. tabaci for up to 45 days under laboratory and greenhouse conditions, and up to ～2 months under field conditions. Use of imidacloprid‐ and thiamethoxam‐treated seeds can be an important alternative for management of whiteflies on cotton. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

不同寄主作物烟粉虱种群数量的研究

采用等距机械抽样法对棉花、茄子、豇豆等不同作物上烟粉虱成虫、蛹、卵的种群数量进行调查,并对其空间分布进行分析。结果表明,在茄子叶片上烟粉虱成虫和蛹的数量最多,豇豆叶片上卵的数量最多。棉花上烟粉虱成虫种群的空间分布呈聚集型,蛹、卵的种群为均匀分布,茄子上烟粉虱成虫和蛹为均匀分布,卵呈聚集分布;豇豆上烟粉虱成虫为均匀分布,蛹和卵为聚集分布。     

吡虫啉的不同施药方式对丽蚜小蜂的寄生效果评价

烟粉虱Q隐种是近几年新传入我国的入侵烟粉虱,主要危害蔬菜、棉花和花卉等经济作物,对多种化学农药都产生了很高的抗药性。为了了解吡虫啉不同施药方式对丽蚜小蜂控制烟粉虱效果的影响,本研究在实验室条件下,调查了经吡虫啉叶面处理和灌根处理两种不同施药方式处理,烟粉虱Q隐种的存活率、丽蚜小蜂的存活率和寄生率。结果表明：1、5、10、50mg·L^-1。浓度吡虫啉灌根处理的丽蚜小蜂校正死亡率分别为21．8％、14．9％、19．3％、16．2％;1、5、50mg·L^-1浓度吡虫啉叶面处理的丽蚜小蜂校正死亡率分别为52．2％、81．8％、93-3％。相同浓度的吡虫啉处理中,叶面处理的丽蚜小蜂死亡率显著高于灌根处理;在吡虫啉和丽蚜小蜂协同作用中,用浓度5、10、50mg·L^-1的吡虫啉灌根处理时,烟粉虱的死亡率分别为41．5％、39．1％、45．9％,丽蚜小蜂寄生率分别为11．9％、15．9％、7．9％;用浓度5、50mg·L^-1的吡虫啉叶面处理时,烟粉虱的死亡率分别为12．6％、37.2％,丽蚜小蜂寄生率均为2％左右。灌根处理对寄生蜂的存活率影响较小,且有利于丽蚜小蜂对烟粉虱的寄生和取食;而叶面处理显著降低了寄生蜂的存活率及寄生率。     

烯啶虫胺10%水剂防治大棚蔬菜烟粉虱试验报告

近年来,保护地蔬菜烟粉虱发生程度呈逐年加重的趋势,部分地区甚至出现爆发,大爆发等局面;由于烟粉虱抗性发展很快,变种增加如B型烟粉虱、H型烟粉虱等,一般化学药剂效果均不理想,在蔬菜田寻找一种防效好,见效快,同时又环保的农药剂型显得尤为重要。本文对烯啶虫胺10%水剂防治烟粉虱的效果作了试验效果突出。     

玫烟色棒束孢FZ-01鉴定及对烟粉虱的防治潜力评估

为了明确从罹病烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci上分离的虫生真菌（菌株FZ-01）的分类归属及其生物防治的潜力,采用形态学特征观察和rDNA-ITS序列分析方法对该菌株进行鉴定,并对其生物防治潜力进行评估。结果发现：菌株FZ-01为玫烟色棒束孢Isaria fumosorosea;该菌株在马铃薯PDA培养基上生长良好;适应温度和酸碱度范围较广,可耐高温（35℃）和酸碱（pH4～10）;孢子萌发速率快（5 h）且萌发率高（>90%）;菌株致病力测定表明分生孢子浓度为1.0×10⁷ cfu/mL时,对烟粉虱（MEAM1）成虫致死中时间（LT₅₀）仅为2.75 d,接菌4 d时致死中浓度（LC₅₀）仅为2.69×10⁴ cfu/mL。综上结果表明,玫烟色棒束孢FZ-01对烟粉虱具有十分优良的生防潜力。     

芦笋对烟粉虱的抗性品种筛选及抗性机制研究

为了探明芦笋对烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) 的抗性机制, 为芦笋抗性品种的选育及烟粉虱的综合防治提供理论依据，本研究以收集的16份芦笋品种为材料, 于苗期人工释放烟粉虱后测定各品种抗性相关指标叶绿素a、叶绿素b、POD、SOD、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸、丙二醛、单宁、类黄酮、总酚和表皮蜡质等的含量, 利用“隶属函数法”“虫量比值法”和“表型观察法”对其抗虫性进行鉴定并研究其抗性机制。结果表明, 释放烟粉虱后不同时间, 品种间烟粉虱数量存在显著差异, 不同芦笋品种对烟粉虱诱集能力不同;各生化指标在烟粉虱为害下变异程度较大, 变异系数变幅在24.46%～47.43%;16个芦笋品种中, ‘浙丰1号’‘阿特拉斯’和‘紫色激情’的抗虫能力相对较强。12个生化指标降维为5个主成分, 累计贡献率达84.136%;相关分析表明:芦笋抗虫性与单宁、表皮蜡质含量呈极显著正相关, 与POD活性、总酚、可溶性糖含量呈显著正相关, 与丙二醛含量呈极显著负相关, 与其他性状无明显相关性。选育单宁、总酚、表皮蜡质和可溶性糖含量高、POD活性高、丙二醛含量低的品种, 可提高芦笋对烟粉虱的抗性。     

烟粉虱的生物防治

本文概述了烟粉虱捕食性天敌、寄生性天敌和昆虫病原真菌的研究应用概况 ,并探讨了进一步研究的方向。     

国外农业防治烟粉虱的成功技术

烟粉虱是世界性重要害虫,本文对国外农业防治烟粉虱的成功技术进行了介绍,其中包括时间调控、空间调控、行为调控和寄主调控4个方面。     

小卷蛾斯氏线虫对辣椒烟粉虱的控制作用

本文研究了小卷蛾斯氏线虫Steinernema carpocapsae对烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci的侵染能力以及对田间辣椒烟粉虱的控制作用.结果表明,室温(28±2)℃,空气湿度(60±5)％,辣椒叶背面湿润的条件下,线虫约在4 h侵入烟粉虱若虫体内,2～3 d内致其死亡.不同浓度线虫对烟粉虱若虫的控制效果不同...     

宁夏地区烟粉虱对5种常用杀虫剂的抗药性

采用浸叶法分别测定了宁夏8个地区烟粉虱成虫田间种群对4类5种杀虫剂的抗性.结果 表明,供试烟粉虱种群对高效氯氰菊酯已产生了中等至极高水平抗性,抗性倍数为33.31～227.98倍;对烯啶虫胺产生了中等至高水平抗性,抗性倍数为12.14～69.33倍;对毒死蜱和吡虫啉产生了低至中等水平抗性,抗性倍数分别为7.63～38....