甘肃省奶牛养殖小区污染状况检测及分析

根据甘肃省《家畜养殖业源产排污检测分析研究》项目,在武威市设立监测点对奶牛养殖小区产排污状况进行检测分析,重点分析了粪便、及污水中的主要污染物含量。结果表明,污染物对其周围环境产生了较为严重的影响,据此进行分析并提出建议。     

甘肃省肉牛养殖专业户污染状况检测与分析

根据甘肃省《家畜养殖业源产排污检测分析研究》项目,在武威市设立监测点对肉牛养殖专业户产排污状况进行检测分析,在四个季节分别抽样检测,重点分析了粪便中的主要污染物含量。结果表明,污染物对其周围环境产生了较为严重的影响。     

当前规模猪场的排污现状及应对措施

探讨当前规模猪场排污现状,选择一家规模养殖场为样本,按四季对不同饲养阶段生猪的粪、尿量及其化学耗氧量/TN/总磷/铜/等污染物进行常年监测,并制定应对措施.结果显示,规模猪场不同饲养阶段的猪粪、尿产生量差异很大.研究提出规模猪场主要污染物产污系数,排污系数,为构建生猪产排污系数测算方法、摸清生猪粪污产生量、为节能减排提供科学依据.     

甘肃省规模畜禽养殖污染现状及对策

2007年10月至2008年10月甘肃畜牧工程职业技术学院负责实施全国污染源普查畜禽养殖业源产排污系数测算项目的子项目一甘肃省畜禽养殖业典型监测点产排污系数测算项目。完成了生猪规模化养殖场、奶牛养殖小区、奶牛规模化养殖场、肉牛养殖专业户产排污系数测算。为测算全省畜禽养殖业污染物排放总量提供了技术支持；     

甘肃省规模化养猪场污染状况检测与防治对策研究

根据甘肃省家畜养殖业源产排污检测分析研究项目,在武威市设立监测点对规模化生猪养殖场产排污状况进行检测分析,在四季分别抽样检测,重点分析了粪便、尿液及污水中的主要污染物含量。结果表明,2007年全省养猪场产污系数污染源总量由粪便和尿液两部分组成,其中粪全氮、尿凯氏氮全省排放总量为19.41万吨,全磷为15.82万吨,铜为0.37万吨,锌为1.65万吨,粪中有机质排泄总量为230.18万吨,尿液中COD排泄量为8.28万吨;排污系数污染源总量由粪便和污水两部分组成,粪全氮、污水凯氏氮全省排放总量为30.78万吨,全磷为14.69万吨,铜为0.44万吨,锌为2.06万吨,粪便中有机质排泄总量为241.01万吨,污水中COD排泄量为1.11万吨。对其周围环境产生了较为严重的污染,据此提出了畜禽养殖污染防治对策的建议。     

我国排污收费制度的现状及存在的问题

排污收费是为了使污染物得到集中处理或共同治理而由排污者支付的费用,排污收费并不是陶家财政收入的来源,也不是对排污者的经济罚款,仪是排污者应支付的治理污染的运转费用.     

瓦斯抽放技术在煤矿生产中的应用研究

在煤炭生产行业,随着科技的不断发展,各种新技术不断涌现,本文主要针对煤矿瓦斯抽放的应用现状进行讨论和总结,提出目前在瓦斯抽放环节存在的问题和不足并提出改进意见,最后对瓦斯抽发技术的发展趋势进行分析和展望,对煤炭企业保障安全生产,实现能源供给的高效性和可持续性方面具有一定的参考价值和借鉴意义。     

规模养殖场污水处理和综合利用试验

<正>本试验从2008年4月至2010年8月,对一个规模猪场和一个规模奶牛场的排污水采取沼气池发酵、沉淀处理和灌溉牧草地等措施进行综合处理,参照《畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准》(GB 18596-2001)分别对各个处理环节进行数据测定,旨在为规模养殖场污水处理和综合利用提供一些有益的探索。     

山西省规模养猪场的产排污系数测算

试验分别于春夏秋冬四季在山西省晋中一规模养猪场采集3个生产阶段(保育猪、育肥猪、妊娠母猪)的粪便、尿液、污水样品,测定样品成分组成。根据公式计算该猪场的产排污系数。试验得出的产排污系数明显高于第一次污普手册的结果。对比产排污系数,除保育猪的氮、氨氮外排放量外,保育猪的磷、COD及其他阶段的各种污染物的排放量与产生量的数值均在94.24%～120%之间。把产污系数代入公式得到山西省养猪业的排泄系数:一头生猪产粪1.06482kg/d、产尿量2.016821 L/d、氮的产生量45.68722 g/d、,磷的产生量15.3337 g/d、氨氮产生量2.135282 g/d、COD产生量29.74642 g/d。母猪产粪量2.920821 kg/d、产尿量7.550412 L/d、氮的产生量133.5327 g/d、磷的产生量59.34817 g/d、氨氮产生量8.516361 g/d、COD产生量87.22412 g/d。排泄系数为估算山西省的粪污的年产生量提供了准确的参考数据。     

鹤岗市关门嘴子水库受水区水污染负荷特征分析及预测

以关门嘴子水库受水区为研究区,分析了现状年(2014年)条件下流域内水体污染负荷特征,并预测了规划年(2030年)需水量增长情况,结合经济社会发展和用水需求增长情况,并根据水库运行时受水区污水排放特征分析了规划年水体污染负荷.结果表明,规划年用水需求较现状年有大幅增长,严格按标准排污时,规划年水库受水区污染负荷明显较现状年有所减小,污染物负荷减小主要是由于城镇生活排放和工业污染排放的大幅降低,而污染负荷主要集中在城镇生活排污和农业面源排污.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …