现代学徒制在高职畜牧兽医专业动物养殖方向人才培养中的应用

近些年,我国畜牧业发展迅速,对高质量畜禽养殖人才的需求也越来越多,高职院校畜牧兽医专业传统的教学模式培养的学生已经不能满足养殖企业对于养殖人才的需求,在此大背景下,现代学徒制的人才培养模式由此应运而生。高职院校通过现代学徒制的人才培养模式具有提高养殖人才的培养质量、缓解养殖业人才紧缺的状况以及加强校企合作等优点。现主要阐述高职畜牧兽医专业现代学徒制的意义和现代学徒制在高职畜牧兽医专业动物养殖方向人才培养中的应用,以供高职院校畜牧兽医专业动物养殖人才培养提供参考。     

创新型电力专业技术技能人才的研究与实践

在“双碳”目标背景下电力行业急需技术技能人才具备创新能力,要求电力类高职院校培养创新型技术技能人才。文章分析了电力类高职院校培养具有创新能力技术技能人才存在的问题,提出了从重构人才培养课程体系、构建全景物理电力实训基地、建立校企运行机制、构建科学教学评价体系四个方面阐述了电力专业培养创新型技术技能人才的方案,实践该方案并取得了预期的成效。     

基于德国“双元制”的高职宠物专业“三段递进 六岗轮训”现代学徒制人才培养模式的实践探索

占据着高等教育半壁江山的高职院校肩负着为社会培养卓越技术技能人才的重任。笔者以教育发展规律论和人的全面发展理论为指导,探讨了校企合作背景下宠物专业"三段递进六岗轮训"现代学徒制人才培养模式的内涵、构建及实践经验,以期对高职院校卓越人才培养模式的探索提供参考。     

高职畜牧兽医类专业人才培养模式探索

1 高职教育人才培养模式的含义 1 概念通常认为高等职业教育的人才培养模式是指在一定高职教育理念下,以社会需求和高职人才培养目标为导向,依托自身可利用的办学条件,在特定时限内,为学生达到职业人才要求所预设的知识、能力和素质结构,以及实现这种结构的较为稳定的施行模式,主要解决高职教育"培养什么人才"和"怎样培养人才"这两个根本性问题.     

案例法在工程经济课程教学中的应用

根据对建筑企业人才要求的调查研究,以及高职类学生的知识结构,提出建筑工程专业课程安排的改革思路,主要是针对企业需求与学生特点提出课程"融合"的思路,以减少课程内容重复和课程衔接不当等问题,为高职类院校人才培养方法提供一个思路。     

高职建筑工程专业课程改革探讨

本文根据对建筑企业人才要求的调查研究,以及高职类学生的知识结构,提出建筑工程专业课程安排的改革思路,主要是针对企业需求与学生特点提出课程"融合"的思路,以减少课程内容重复和课程衔接不当等问题,为高职类院校人才培养方法提供一个思路。     

乡村振兴背景下林业类高职院校帮扶路径优化研究——以云南林业职业技术学院帮扶西盟县佐扩村为例

脱贫攻坚的伟大胜利为有序衔接乡村振兴奠定了坚实的基础,林业类高职院校结合自身办学特色,在脱贫工作中取得了不少好经验、好做法,也存在一些不足。在乡村振兴背景下,为了优化林业类高职院校帮扶路径,本文以云南林业职业技术学院帮扶西盟县佐扩村为例,介绍了佐扩村乡村振兴开局的现状;分析了佐扩村发展存在的难点;指出了林业类高职院校帮扶的优势及不足;提出了林业类高职院校优化接力帮扶的措施:优化产业结构、推动产业振兴,优化人才培养模式、助推人才振兴,优化组织效能、加快组织振兴,挖掘和提炼特色文化、推动乡村文化振兴。     

高职旅游人才培养模式改革探讨

高职旅游人才培养模式改革研究,是旅游业快速发展及对人才的需求,从我国高职旅游人才培养模式,分析我国在高职旅游人才培养中存在的问题,找出背后的具体原因,因此文章先从旅游人才培养的重要性、现状及策略对旅游人才培养策略进行了深入的探讨,希望对相关部门和各类专业院校有所帮助,进而促进旅游人才的培养。     

校、企、政、介协同模式下产学深度融合促进高职学生就业

就业结构性矛盾日益凸显,解决关键是提高人才培养质量。本文就高职教育如何提高人才培养质量促进就业,提出了基于学校、企业、政府和中介公司协同模式下的产教深度融合,力求所培养的高职毕业生适合市场对技能型人才的需求。     

浅析适应企业需求的高职院校人才培养模式改革

随着市场竞争的日趋激烈,就业压力增大,高职院校在人才培养上面临着新的机遇和挑战。本文基于企业需求出发,探讨现代社会发展形势下高职院校人才培养模式的改革,以提高高职院校人才就业率,最大程度上满足企业发展需求,促进高职院校人才的个人价值得到最大程度的发挥。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.