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Two germplasm collections of Lablab purpureus L. Sweet totalling 249 accessions were grown in the field in Australia and Ethiopia and characterised using a common set of morphological and agronomic (M-A) attributes. Data from each site were analysed separately using multi-variate analysis and a classification constructed for each collection. There was considerable diversity within both collections, especially that maintained in Ethiopia. Time to flowering, seed weight, and plant height were the most important attributes in determining group allocation in both classifications. Both collections had a high proportion of L. purpureus subsp. purpureus, especially accessions similar to the Australian cultivars Highworth and Rongai. They also had good representation of the less common L. purpureus subsp. uncinatus Verdc. less common landraces and wild collections from either Africa or India. When combined, the two classifications provided an overview of diversity and highlighted the similarities and dissimilarities between the two collections. The vast range in plant types supported the view that lablab has the capacity to be a multi-purpose legume for both commercial and smallholder agriculture. Some important and less common germplasm identified were Ethiopian domesticated subsp. uncinatus, Ethiopian subsp. purpureus landraces collected from regional markets, semi-domesticated and wild accessions from southern Africa, and wild accessions from India. Using this overview, a core collection of germplasm was selected, which provides researchers with a sound basis for future plant breeding and agronomic studies with this important tropical legume. 相似文献
3.
Cahill P. Joseph 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2004,51(7):773-781
Chia, Salvia hispanica L., was a staple crop in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica. Despite the great potential of the species as an oilseed crop, little research related to domesticated and wild varieties exists. A study was undertaken to assess genetic diversity among 38 wild and domesticated accessions of S. hispanica collected throughout Mesoamerica by using RAPD markers. Genetic diversity was higher among wild varieties (H
G= 0.15) than all domesticated varieties (H
G= 0.10) and modern commercial domesticated varieties (H
G= 0.02), suggesting a slight loss of diversity accompanying domestication and a near lack of diversity in modern commercial varieties. In addition, the preliminary results indicate that the center of genetic diversity is in the highlands of western Mexico. 相似文献
4.
Realizing value of genetic resources of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Allium</Emphasis> in India 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Anjula Pandey Ruchira Pandey K. S. Negi J. Radhamani 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(7):985-994
The genetic resources of Allium in India are potential source of genes for widening the crop genetic base. Despite their high economic value, limited number
of germplasm accessions of wild species have been collected and conserved mainly due to difficult access to areas of occurrence.
The present work mainly highlights information on species diversity distribution and utilization of wild Allium species to assess the value of Indian germplasm and prioritization for future collection and conservation programmes. 相似文献
5.
Dilani Wimalasiri Terrence Piva Sylvia Urban Tien Huynh 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2016,63(1):19-33
Momordica cochinchinensis (Cucurbitaceae) is native to South East Asia and is important for its nutritional and medicinal properties. There is little information available on morphological and genetic diversity, crop selection and strategic germplasm collection for M. cochinchinensis. In this study, 42 accessions of M. cochinchinensis collected from Vietnam, Thailand and Australia were analysed for diversity study both at a morphological and molecular level. Both morphological and molecular analyses were in agreement and clustered the accessions based on the country of origin. The markers investigated in this study could be used for future applications with samples from unknown origins or for gene tracking for important cultivars. The Momordica accessions were highly polymorphic based on the markers suggesting high genetic diversity. Therefore the results from this study will be important in future strategic germplasm collection, conservation, horticultural development and commercial propagation of M. cochinchinensis. 相似文献
6.
Abdelhameed Elameen Siri Fjellheim Arild Larsen Odd Arne Rognli Leif Sundheim Susan Msolla Esther Masumba Kiddo Mtunda Sonja S. Klemsdal 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(3):397-408
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is the fifth most important crop in the developing countries after rice, wheat, maize and cassava. The amplified fragment
length polymorphism (AFLP) method was used to study the genetic diversity and relationships of sweet potato accessions in
the germplasm collection of Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro and Sugarcane Research Institute, Kibaha, Tanzania.
AFLP analysis of 97 sweet potato accessions using ten primer combinations gave a total of 202 clear polymorphic bands. Each
one of the 97 sweet potato accessions could be distinguished based on these primer combinations. Estimates of genetic similarities
were obtained by the Dice coefficient, and a final dendrogram was constructed with the un-weight pair-group method using arithmetic
average. AFLP-based genetic similarity varied from 0.388 to 0.941, with a mean of 0.709. Cluster analysis using genetic similarity
divided the accessions into two main groups suggesting that there are genetic relationships among the accessions. Principal
Coordinate analysis confirmed the pattern of the cluster analysis. Analysis of molecular variance revealed greater variation
within regions (96.19%) than among regions (3.81%). The results from the AFLP analysis revealed a relatively low genetic diversity
among the germplasm accessions and the genetic distances between regions were low. A maximally diverse subset of 13 accessions
capturing 97% of the molecular markers diversity was identified. We were able to detect duplicates accessions in the germplasm
collection using the highly polymorphic markers obtained by AFLP, which were found to be an efficient tool to characterize
the genetic diversity and relationships of sweet potato accessions in the germplasm collection in Tanzania. 相似文献
7.
Summary Patterns of morphological diversity were examined in relation to geographical origins of 157 accessions of wild Lupinus angustifolius from the Aegean region using multivariate techniques. Genetic diversity was extremely large for most morphological traits, with significant variation detected among localities in Greece and within and between collection sites for some traits. Canonical variates and correlation analysis showed that early flowering, tall and large-seeded accessions were associated with warm winters and drier climates in southern Greece. Thirteen groups of accessions were identified by hierarchical cluster analysis of 19 morphological traits, accounting for 81 % of genotype and 41 % of genotype x trait sums of squares. The distinguishing features of these groups were clarified by principal coordinates analysis. Two groups, with very desirable agronomic characteristics, originated from the Dhodhekanisos Islands (Kos, Leros, Patmos) in the south-eastern Aegean: these had rapid and tall growth, prolific podding on the main stem, pods high off the ground, many upper lateral branches, large leaves, pods and seeds, and high seed yield. Accessions from the Kikladhes Islands of the central Aegean were extremely variable and those from Naxos Island were represented in 9 of the 13 groups. Accessions from northern Greece grouped together as later flowering, shorter, and smaller-seeded types, but some accessions from the southern Greek Islands were grouped with the northern mainland types. This study identified regions in Greece, such as the south-eastern islands, where further collection may be warranted for traits of obvious agronomic value for domesticated L. angustifolius. Extreme morphological variability occurs within and between collection sites, and between localities in Greece. 相似文献
8.
Axel Diederichsen 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(3):419-440
A characterization of 10,105 accessions of hexaploid cultivated oat (Avena sativa L. sensu lato) from 85 countries of the Plant Gene Resources of Canada (PGRC) collection was conducted at Saskatoon, Saskatchewan,
Canada. Eight environmentally stable morphological characters (panicle type, panicle erectness, panicle density, lemma colour,
dorsal awn of lemma, ligula, major infraspecific group), differentiated into 18 character states, were used to define genetically
distinct morphological groups. Comparisons of oat diversity from different countries, among the major infraspecific groups
and among Canadian oat cultivars registered between 1886 and 2002 were possible. The 10,105 accessions represented 118 different
morphological groups. The number of accessions in each morphological group was unevenly distributed with the 13 most frequent
morphological groups including 90% of the accessions. The most frequent morphological groups in the PGRC collection were identical
with the most frequent types of Canadian oat cultivars. The greatest richness of diversity was found in oat from countries
with temperate climates and intensive oat breeding programmes. The oat accessions comprised 8,754 accessions of common hulled
oat, 183 accessions of hull-less oat and 1,168 accessions of red oat. For red oat (A. byzantina C. Koch), West Asia was richest in diversity. The USA could be considered a secondary centre of diversity for red oat and
Canada a secondary centre of diversity for hull-less oat. Morphological diversity of oat cultivars released in Canada increased
during the twentieth century. The morphological groups were related to formal taxonomical infraspecific classifications of
A. sativa. Applications of the concept of defining morphological groups for phenotyping a large germplasm collection are demonstrated
discussed. 相似文献
9.
Michael Dossett Nahla V. Bassil Kim S. Lewers Chad E. Finn 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2012,59(8):1849-1865
Breeding progress in black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.) has been limited by a lack of genetic diversity in elite germplasm. Black raspberry cultivars have been noted for showing very few phenotypic differences and seedlings from crosses between cultivars for a lack of segregation for important traits. Despite these challenges, little molecular work has been done to explore genetic diversity and relationships in wild and cultivated black raspberry germplasm. Microsatellite, or simple sequence repeat (SSR), markers are highly polymorphic codominant markers useful for studying genetic diversity, population genetics, genetic fingerprinting and other applications. We examined genetic diversity in 148 wild and cultivated black raspberry accessions using 21 polymorphic SSR markers. Black raspberry cultivars clustered tightly and showed higher than expected heterozygosity while that of wild accessions was low. Relationships between wild black raspberry accessions were poorly resolved and regional clusters were mostly absent from our analysis. Our results indicated that wild black raspberry germplasm is a relatively untapped resource available for future breeding. 相似文献
10.
Elena Albrecht Dapeng Zhang Robert A. Saftner John R. Stommel 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2012,59(4):517-538
Capsicum baccatum is one of five domesticated pepper species which, despite its morphological and ecological variability, has been underexploited
for germplasm improvement. Utilizing a broad spectrum of domesticated and wild C. baccatum germplasm, we utilize AFLP markers to describe the species’ molecular diversity and population structure in the South American
gene pool. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed greater genetic diversity in the wild form of C. baccatum (C. baccatum var. baccatum) than in the domesticated form of the species (C. baccatum var. pendulum). Both Bayesian and distance based clustering analysis, as well as principal coordinates analysis (PCA), concordantly demonstrated
admixture/shared ancestry between wild and cultivated C. baccatum botanical varieties. Two principal genetic groups were identified in the domesticated C. baccatum accessions largely based on their geographic distribution in South America. One group was predominated by accessions from
the western territories of the species’ distribution (Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Chile and northwestern Argentina)
and the second by accessions from the eastern regions, Paraguay and eastern Argentina). The two genetic groups overlapped
in the geographic location of present-day Bolivia. The grouping pattern suggested that C. baccatum was domesticated in multiple sites and that its evolution took two lineages followed by lineage differentiation. The wild
accessions most closely related to the cultigens were found in the highlands of Peru and Bolivia, which support the early
hypothesis that this region is one of the domestication sites of this species. A Bayesian assignment analysis demonstrated
that Brazilian wild forms of C. baccatum were genetically distant to all other accessions and made little to no contribution to the domesticated genepool. Moreover,
results of clustering analysis suggested that C. baccatum likely originated from present day Paraguay. Analysis of inter-specific relationships across selected Capsicum species supported independent lineages for the two crossability groups within Capsicum, the baccatum species-complex (including C. baccatum) and the annuum species-complex (including C. annuum, C. chinense and C. frutescens). However, the results did not support taxonomic distinction of C. baccatum var. umbilicatum from C. baccatum var. pendulum. The present study provides new insights into the domestication of C. baccatum. The results will be useful for identifying accessions for crop improvement and guiding the development of in situ and ex situ conservation programs. 相似文献
11.
Salhi-Hannachi Amel Trifi Mokhtar Zehdi Salwa Hedfi Jihène Mars Messaoud Rhouma Abdelmajid Marrakchi Mohamed 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2004,51(3):269-275
The genetic diversity of 18 Tunisian fig cultivars was investigated at the DNA level using the Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) associated with the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Using a set of primers, the most informative ones were selected that were characterized by an important Resolving power value of 29.6. A total of 47 discernible fragments were scored from samples, with a mean of 11.7 fragments per primer. The 90.4% of sample that were polymorphic were scored as molecular markers to examine the Tunisian fig germplasm polymorphism at DNA level. A large genetic diversity as related to ISSR patterns was found within the local Tunisian fig germplasm. An UPGMA dendrogram exhibits the unstructured variability in this crop. Moreover, the principal component analysis shows that the observed diversity was typically continuous. Our data provide a large number of ISSR markers that are useful in the fingerprinting of Ficus
carica L. cultivars, and in the understanding of the genetic relationships among these accessions. 相似文献
12.
Genetic variability of Coffea arabica L. accessions from Ethiopia evaluated with RAPDs 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A.P. Chaparro M.A. Cristancho H.A. Cortina A.L. Gaitán 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2004,51(3):291-297
The genetic diversity of 50 wild and semi-wild accessions of the Coffea arabica L. germplasm collection, gathered by the FAO and ORSTOM missions to Ethiopia, and maintained in Colombia by CENICAFE, was evaluated with RAPD markers. The evaluation was carried out in two phases: In phase one, the polymorphism of 8 Ethiopian accessions of different geographic origin, plus the cultivated variety 'Caturra' was assessed with the RAPD technique with forty-two 10-mer oligonucleotides. In phase two, 51 accessions were assessed with a set of 5 polymorphic primers that reproduced, with a correlation of 95%, the groups generated by the 24 polymorphic primers found in phase one. Principal Coordinate Analysis of molecular data revealed that a closely related group consisting of 86% of the Ethiopian C. arabica accessions evaluated are significantly different from the Caturra variety and could be used in a genetic breeding initiative to increase the variability of cultivated varieties. The results also indicate that a larger polymorphism is present in the Colombian replica of FAO Ethiopian coffee germplasm collection than previously reported. 相似文献
13.
Jane M. Marita Julie M. Rodriguez James Nienhuis 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2000,47(5):515-526
The development of a core collection, one which represents the genetic diversity of a crop with minimal redundancy and increases utility of the collection as a whole, is especially important as the funding for germplasm collections decreases. With limited resources, it is difficult to manage large germplasm collections and disperse genetically diverse germplasm to plant breeders. An algorithm was developed to assist in selection of core collections based on estimates of genetic distance. The criteria for selection of the maximum genetically diverse set were based on rankings of genetic distance between an accession with respect to all other accessions. Depending on the size core which a user wished, a zone around each selected accession was determined and no other accession within these limits was selected. The premise for the algorithm was that the genetic variability represented in the core must be representative of the distribution of genetic distances within the population of interest. In the present study, the algorithm was used with RAPD-marker-based estimates of genetic distance for 270 Theobroma cacao L. accessions and 134 Capsicum accessions that chose a set representing 18.5% of the population and representing the breadth of RAPD-based variation. 相似文献
14.
Pigeonpea is an important pulse crop grown by smallholder farmers in the semi-arid tropics. Most of the pigeonpea cultivars
grown to date are selections from the landraces, with a narrow genetic base. With the expansion of the crop to newer areas,
problems of local importance are to be addressed. Hence, an economically feasible and faster germplasm evaluation mechanism,
such as a core collection, is required. This article describes the development of core collection from 12,153 pigeonpea accessions
collected from 56 countries and maintained at ICRISAT, Patancheru, India. The germplasm accessions from 56 countries were
placed under 14 clusters based primarily on geographic origin. Data on 14 qualitative morphological traits were used for cluster
formation by Ward’s method. From each cluster ≈10% accessions were randomly selected to constitute a core collection comprising
1290 accessions. Mean comparisons using Newman–Keuls test, variances’ comparisons by Levene’s test, and comparison of frequency
distribution by χ2-test indicated that the core collection was similar to that of the entire collection for various traits and the genetic variability
available in the entire collection is preserved in the core collection. The Shannon–Weaver diversity index for different traits
was also similar for both entire and core collection. All the important phenotypic associations between different traits available
in the entire collection were preserved in the core collection. The core collection constituted in the present study facilitates
identification of useful traits economically and expeditiously for use in pigeonpea improvement. 相似文献
15.
To improve understanding of diversity of Lablab purpureus and establish relationships among 103 germplasm accessions collected from diverse geographic origins, amplified fragment
length polymorphism markers were used. Four primer sets selected out of 16 produced 289 clear, repeatable polymorphisms. UPGMA
analysis of similarity data clustered the accessions according to their subspecific taxonomic organization, i.e., subsp. purpureus and subsp. uncinatus, as well as to cultivated and wild forms. The well-represented landraces from Africa and Asia, belonging predominantly to
subsp. purpureus, displayed moderate genetic diversity. Wild forms from Africa showed far greater levels of diversity that would justify taxonomic
re-assessment of the wild subsp. uncinatus. The molecular analysis identified forms that were collected in the wild in India but were genetically placed intermediate
between wild and cultivated forms. As these plant types did not exist among the African accessions, it is suggested that they
might represent escapes from early attempts of domestication. These results support the suggested pathway of domestication
and distribution of L. purpureus from Africa to Asia. Additional members to a previously published core collection of the species are proposed. 相似文献
16.
17.
Brigitte L. Maass 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(6):1127-1135
Morphological and physiological seed characteristics of the hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus) were investigated in a set of 18 different germplasm accessions, from wild over semi-domesticated forms to landraces and current cultivars. The objective of this study was to improve the understanding of the domestication of this tropical legume crop. Wild accessions were easily distinguished by morphological characters, such as small, greyish-brown, mottled seeds. Cultivated or semi-domesticated forms showed a much wider variation in size, colour and shape. Seed mass of cultivated accessions reached up to almost 10 times that of wild accessions. Most wild accessions showed a greater spread of germination and larger proportions of hard seeds, up to about 70%, than most cultivated and so-called semi-domesticated accessions. Cluster analysis applied separately to morphological and germination data and a subsequent discriminant analysis did not help integrating the morphological variability observed. The presumed occurrence of semi-domesticated accessions within the germplasm tested as well as the crop's origin from Africa alone or both Africa and Asia are debated on the basis of seed germination and hard seed coat dormancy. 相似文献
18.
The present study, using RAPD analysis, was undertaken to characterize genetic variation in domesticated cowpea and its wild progenitor, as well as their relationships. The materials used consisted of 26 domesticated accessions, including accessions from each of the five cultivar-group, and 30 wild/weedy accessions, including accessions from West, East and southern Africa. A total of 28 primers generated 202 RAPD bands. One hundred and eight bands were polymorphic among the domesticated compared to 181 among wild/weedy cowpea accessions. Wild accessions were more diverse in East Africa, which is the likely area of origin of V. unguiculata var. spontanea. Var. spontanea is supposed to have spread westward and southward, with a loss of variability, loss counterbalanceed in southern Africa by introgressions with local perennial subspecies. Although the variabilty of domesticated cowpea was the highest ever recorded, cultivar-groups were poorly resolved, and several results obtained with isozyme data were not confirmed here. However primitive cultivars were more diverse than evolved cultivars, which still suggests two consecutive bottlenecks within domesticated cowpea evolution. As isozymes and AFLP markers, although with a larger number of markers, RAPD data confirmed the single domestication hypothesis, the gap between wild and domesticated cowpea, and the widespread introgression phenomena between wild and domesticated cowpea. 相似文献
19.
Ali Gharghani Zabihollah Zamani Alireza Talaie Nnadozie C. Oraguzie Reza Fatahi Hassan Hajnajari Claudia Wiedow Susan E. Gardiner 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2009,56(6):829-842
In order to shed light on the role of Iran in apple evolution and domestication, we chose to investigate the relationships
of a collection of 159 accessions of wild and domesticated apples including Iranian indigenous apple cultivars and landraces,
selected wild species, and old apple scion and rootstock cultivars from different parts of the world. The majority of the
wild species belonged to M. sieversii, which is widely believed to be the main maternal wild ancestor of domestic apples, from Kazakhstan and M. orientalis, which is one of the probable minor ancestors of domestic apples, from Turkey and Russia located on the east and west of
Iran, respectively. The accessions were assigned into six arbitrary populations for the purpose of generating information
on genetic parameters. Nine simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci selected from previous studies in apple were screened over DNA
extracted from all the accessions. Results showed that all SSR loci displayed a very high degree of polymorphism with 11–25
alleles per locus. In total, there were 153 alleles across all loci with an average of 17 alleles per locus. The SSR allelic
data were then used for estimation of population genetic parameters, including genetic variation statistics, F-statistics,
gene flow, genetic identity, genetic distance and then cluster analysis using POPGENE 1.32 software. The F-statistics and
gene flow in particular, showed that there was more intra-population than between population variation. The genetic identity
and genetic distance estimates, and the dendrogram generated from the un-weighted pair group arithmetic average (UPGMA) method
of cluster analysis showed that the Iranian cultivars and landraces were more closely related to M. sieversii from Central Asia (east of Iran) and M. orientalis native to Turkey and Russia than to other accessions of Malus species. Also, the old apple cultivars from different parts of the world have a closer genetic relationship to M. sieversii, M. orientalis and the Iranian apples, than to other wild species. Based on these results, we suggest that the Iranian apples may occupy
an intermediate position between the domesticated varieties and wild species. We propose that Iran could be one of the major
players in apples’ domestication and transfer from Central Asia to the western countries. 相似文献