玉米自交系及F_2分离群体花药培养中的过氧化物同工酶分析

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析了两个花粉诱导率不同的自交系 (A3和A46)及其杂种F2 代分离群体在花药培养过程中过氧化物同工酶的变化。结果表明 ,花药培养 7d以后 ,高诱导率自交系A3及高诱导率F2 单株均出现Rf0 50和Rf 0 52 2条过氧化物同工酶谱带 ,而难诱导自交系A46和难诱导F2 单株无此特征。据此认为 ,过氧化物同工酶可以作为花培能力选择的一项较为可靠的生化指标。     

长效促红细胞生成素的放射性标记

采用改进的双相氯胺 T法对LL EPO进行碘标记 ,使用离心超滤法分离纯化标记混合物 ,对标记纯化的LL EPO经三氯乙酸沉淀和SDS PAGE法鉴定放化纯度 ,通过网织红细胞法对标记前后的蛋白生物活性进行鉴定。结果表明 :1 改进的双相氯胺 T法标记LL EPO ,其标记率为 89% ,比放射性为 5 82× 1 0 5Bq·μg-1蛋白 ,放化纯度 >96% ,SDS PAGE法鉴定标记产物同原型蛋白电泳行为一致 ,Rf值分别为 0 2 8、0 49,网织红细胞法鉴定的标记蛋白与非标记蛋白的生物活性无差异。2 离心超滤法得到的蛋白回收率为 95 %以上 ,而凝胶过滤法得到的蛋白回收率仅为 2 3 82 % ;前者得到的标记蛋白浓度远高于后者     

金钗石斛对磷素的吸收和运转

应用32 P研究了金钗石斛对磷素的吸收和运转。结果表明 ,金钗石斛植株各部位均可吸收磷素 ,成长叶的总放射性活度最高。植株吸收的总32 P放射性活度随根系吸收时间的延长而增加 ,至 96h达最高 ;随移栽后日龄的增加 ,植株各部位干物重逐渐增加 ,新生茎和新生叶增加最快 ,32 P亦逐渐向新生茎和新生叶运转。 2 5℃和 40℃温度处理 ,植株吸磷量分别为 1 0℃处理的 2 3和 2 5倍。中度光 ( 2× 1 0 4 Lx)和高光强( 5× 1 0 4 Lx)下植株吸磷量分别较弱光 ( 5× 1 0 3Lx)下增加 74%和 2 3 %。     

一次注射法适宜采血时间的确定

给绝食、强饲无氮日粮 (NFD)、分别以豆粕或棉粕为唯一氮源的CP2 0 %半合成饲粮的蛋青鸡 ,静脉一次注射 3 0 μCi3H Leu/kgBW ,于注射后 5、3 0min、4、2 4、3 6、48h翅静脉采血 ,测定各时间点的去蛋白血浆比放射性强度及 48h内排泄物的比放射性强度。通过定积分分析 ,一次静脉注射法检测内源氨基酸损失量的适宜采血时间为注射3H Leu后 2 0～2 4h。     

辐射处理对水稻酯酶同工酶E_(St3)位点的影响初探

经测定分析,水稻阳极标志酶带E_3~S和E_3~F分别受E_(st3)位点上两个共显性基因控制,未经辐照处理的水稻品种"马坝糯"均表现出稳定的12A(慢带类型)酶带,而经26krad及44krad ~(89)Co γ射线辐照处理的M_2代则表现三种酶谱类型,即12A(慢带类型)、13A(快带类型)和12A/13A(互补类型)。辐照后由E_(st3)~S突变为其等位基因E_(st3)~F的频率分别为3.5%和5.06%。     

小麦幼苗根系抗氧化酶对镍胁迫的响应

为阐明Ni对小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)毒害的生理生化机理,研究了不同浓度Ni(0、50、100、200、400μmol·L-1)对小麦幼苗根系生长和活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明,50μmol·L-1Ni处理小麦幼苗6 d对根系生长和活性氧含量及抗氧化酶活性无显著影响。100~400μmol·L-1Ni处理时,随着Ni处理浓度增加,根系鲜重和长度逐渐降低,H2O2和MDA含量及O2-·产生速率则逐渐升高;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)、谷胱甘肽转硫酶(GST)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)和葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PDH)活性逐渐提高,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性先上升后下降,100μmol·L-1Ni浓度时APX活性最大;过氧化物酶(POD)活性则无显著变化。采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析抗氧化酶同工酶谱发现,100μmol·L-1Ni处理诱导新的同工酶带APX-3和APX-4;对照组SOD出现了2条同工酶带,G6PDH出现4条同工酶带;100和400μmol·L-1Ni处理增强SOD和G6PDH同工酶带活性。由此可见,过量Ni处理抑制小麦根系生长、诱导活性氧水平升高而导致氧化胁迫,而SOD、APX、GST和GPX等抗氧化酶活性增加可能是根系为抵御氧化胁迫而产生的一种适应性响应。     

5-azaC对萝卜茎尖DNA甲基化和开花的影响

本文研究了去甲基化因子5氮杂胞苷(5azaC)对萝卜开花及幼苗茎尖DNA甲基化水平的影响。用0(对照)、0.10、0.25、0.50和1.00mmolL5azaC处理‘短叶13’萝卜种子6d,除对照外,茎尖组织DNA甲基化水平均有所降低,并与春化后茎尖组织DNA甲基化水平相当;茎尖组织DNA甲基化水平随着处理浓度的提高而下降。同时,5azaC处理明显促进春性品种萝卜‘短叶13’的开花。结果表明5azaC可以部分代替低温诱导萝卜开花。     

香蕉离体试管芽诱变育种的研究 Ⅴ.漳蕉8号株系基因组变异检测

应用 2 0条Sangon的随机引物 ,对6 0 Coγ射线辐照诱变所获新株系漳蕉 8号(原漳农 8号 )及其对照品种台湾北蕉 (MusAAAGrandCavendish)的总DNA进行RAPD ,结果发现有 1 2条引物扩增出 68条谱带 ,其中同源带 53条 ,占总带数的77 9% ,差异带 1 5条 ,占总带数的 2 2 1 % ;漳蕉 8号与对照多态性差异高达 2 4 6% ,且显示出稳定性遗传。其中S10 和S19的 3条差异带 ,可作为漳蕉 8号株系鉴定和防退化复壮的筛选标记。     

辐射外源DNA导入小麦诱变效果的研究——后代品系籽粒贮藏蛋白分析和大麦黄矮病抗性鉴定

通过花粉管通道法将受照射的中 5DNA(小偃麦异源 8倍体 ,抗大麦黄矮病 )导入到受体小麦新克旱 9,在D3～D5 代获得了稳定的 5 4个品系。对其籽粒醇溶蛋白和麦谷蛋白进行电泳出现 3种变异类型 :第 1种类型为新谱带的出现或原有谱带的丢失 ;第 2种类型为供体谱带的出现 ;第 3种类型为谱带强度 (深或浅 )发生变化。根据农艺性状和籽粒贮藏蛋白电泳结果 ,精选 2 0份进行毒蚜接种 ,鉴定大麦黄矮病抗性 ,其中有 7个品系中抗黄矮病 ;1个品系 (97K1 0 77)高抗黄矮病。可初步认为供体中 5的抗大麦黄矮病基因已转化成功     

辐射亚洲百合‘pollyanna’雄性不育突变体的RAPD分析

利用 8 0个 1 0bp随机引物对亚洲百合‘pollyanna’及辐射种球诱导出的 2 0个表现型雄性不育突变体进行了RAPD分析。其中有 31个引物对所有材料都能扩增出理想的带型 ,有 4个随机引物扩增出的带型显示其中的‘P1G0 3’、‘P2G0 4’等 9个突变体与‘pollyanna’基因组 (可育系 )之间具有稳定的多态性差异。它们表现出与‘pollyanna’差异的多态性位点有 7～ 1 8个 ,表明它们为‘pollyanna’的基因型突变体。     

重金属对水稻过氧化物酶同功酶的影响

对重金属胁迫条件下扬稻 6号体内POD活性测定和POD同功酶的聚丙烯酰胺浓度梯度凝胶电泳分析表明 ,0 0 5mmol L的Cu2 +、Cd2 +和Hg2 +诱导扬稻 6号叶片和根系POD同功酶活性较对照提高 ,但≥ 0 5mmol L的Cu2 +、Cd2 +和Hg2 +抑制叶片分子量较小的POD同功酶的表达。 0 5～ 1 0mmol L的Cu2 +、Cd2 +和Hg2 +强烈抑制根系POD同功酶的表达。 0 0 5～1 0mmol L的Cu2 +、Cd2 +和Hg2 +显著诱导穗中POS同功酶的表达。     

化学因子对膜脂组分的影响与诱导抗病作用的关系

本研究结果表明 ,抗病品种余水糯O ·2 含量和MDA含量比感病品种浙辐 80 2高 ,而CAT活性和POD活性则相反。PQ处理使两品种产生系统抗性的同时 ,也使处理叶中CAT活性、POD活性及MDA含量升高。这种变化从 2 4h开始 ,在 48～ 72h达较高水平。余水糯和浙辐80 2处理叶中平均CAT活性分别升高 1 6 5 %和 1 1 3 % ,平均POD活性分别升高 37 2 %和2 5 3 % ,平均MDA含量分别升高 38 5 %和 32 2 %。PQ处理后第 3天 ,浙辐 80 2处理叶中膜脂酸相对含量变化较大 ,饱和脂肪酸增加 1 1 8% ,IUFA降低 7 5 % ,IUFA降低主要是由亚麻酸 ( 1 8∶3)含量减少所致。Trion使PQ对处理叶中各指标的影响及对XOO76 2 5的诱导抗病作用减弱     

Influence of nitrogen nutrition on growth,nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase of seedlings of maize (Zea mays L. cv LG12)

The effects of three N levels on etiolated and green leaves of Zea mays were studied. It was found that the activity of both nitrate reductase (NR) and nitrite reductase (NiR) was affected, although differently, and the former showed higher sensitivity. NR activity rose with N increase, but different values in the three groups of seedlings appeared only after the second day in light/darkness; both nitrate and light were necessary to obtain a high level of activity. The interference of the N supply on NiR was observed only in seedlings grown in light. Seedling growth was also affected and the leaf weight appeared to correspond with the level of N supplied. In seedlings grown in darkness, the nitrate accumulated in the leaf increased with the decrease of the supplied N, whereas in light/darkness the opposite occurred. Different values of the leaf protein in the three seedling groups appeared only under light/dark and after the second day and by SDS‐PAGE they were found to be quantitative.     

控释氮肥对水稻秧苗形态特征和生理特性的影响

通过种肥接触水稻育苗试验,比较秧苗叶片中几种酶活性和激素含量,探明接触性施肥提高肥料利用率的效应和机理,以确定控释肥在水稻育苗上的最佳施用量和施用方法。研究结果表明,水稻种子与大量控释氮肥接触的条件下仍能安全萌发,且用量为800 g/盘和1000 g/盘时能够明显促进水稻秧苗的生长发育;在同等施肥量的条件下,肥料在种子下方接触施用的方法最有利于秧苗的生长;控释氮肥用量为800 g/盘和1000 g/盘时,秧苗叶片中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸-过氧化物酶(AsA-POD)活性高于常规尿素处理,而丙二醛(MDA)含量则低于常规尿素处理,这有利于促进水稻秧苗的生长;控释氮肥用量为1200 g/盘时,会导致叶片内的SOD、CAT和AsA-POD活性明显降低和MDA含量的相对增加;随控释氮肥用量的增加,秧苗叶片生长素(IAA)逐渐增加,但当达到1200 g/盘时,IAA含量突然增加;另外,氮素缺乏和过多都会诱导秧苗体内脱落酸(ABA)含量明显增加而不利于秧苗正常生长。     

Identification of fish species after cooking by SDS-PAGE and urea IEF: a collaborative study

A collaborative study, to validate the use of SDS-PAGE and urea IEF, for the identification of fish species after cooking has been performed by nine laboratories. By following optimized standard operation procedures, 10 commercially important species (Atlantic salmon, sea trout, rainbow trout, turbot, Alaska pollock, pollack, pink salmon, Arctic char, chum salmon, and New Zealand hake) had to be identified by comparison with 22 reference samples. Some differences in the recoveries of proteins from cooked fish flesh were noted between the urea and the SDS extraction procedures used. Generally, the urea extraction procedure appears to be less efficient than the SDS extraction for protein solubilization. Except for some species belonging to the Salmonidae family (Salmo, Oncorhynchus), both of the analytical techniques tested (urea IEF, SDS-PAGE) enabled identification of the species of the samples to be established. With urea IEF, two laboratories could not differentiate Salmo salar from Salmo trutta. The same difficulties were noted for differentiation between Oncorhynchus gorbuscha and Oncorhynchus keta samples. With SDS-PAGE, three laboratories had some difficulties in identifying the S. trutta samples. However, in the contrast with the previous technique, SDS-PAGE allows the characterization of most of the Oncorhynchus species tested. Only Oncorhynchus mykiss was not clearly recognized by one laboratory. Therefore, SDS-PAGE (Excel gel homogeneous 15%) appears to be better for the identification, after cooking, of fish such as the tuna and salmon species which are characterized by neutral and basic protein bands, and urea IEF (CleanGel) is better for the gadoid species, which are characterized by acid protein bands (parvalbumins). Nevertheless, in contentious cases it is preferable to use both analytical methods.     

高钾供应加剧了水稻叶片缺镁诱导的氧化胁迫

Magnesium （Mg） deficiency in plant affects photosynthesis and many other metabolic processes. Rice （Oryza sativa L. cv. ＇Wuyunjing 7＇） plants were grown in hydroponics culture at three Mg and two potassium （K） levels under greenhouse conditions to examine the induction of oxidative stress and consequent antioxidant responses in rice leaves due to Mg deficiency. At low Mg （0.2 mmol L 1 Mg supply for two weeks after transplanting） and high K （6 mmol L^-1） for 21 days, the rice plants showed severe Mg deficiency and a significant decreases in the dry matter production. The Mg deficiency in leaves decreased chlorophyll concentrations, photosynthetic activity, and soluble protein, but significantly increased the concentrations of soluble sugars and malondialdchyde （MDA） and the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOLD, EC 1.15.1.1）, catalase （CAT, EC 1.11.1.6） and peroxidase （POD, EC 1.11.1.7）. In addition, Mg concentrations in the leaves and in the shoot biomass were negatively related to the activities of the three antioxidative enzymes and the concentration of MDA in leaves. There were very significant interactive effects between Mg and K supplied in the culture solution on shoot biomass yield, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate, the activities of SOD, CAT and POD, and MDA content in the leaves of rice. It is suggested that the high K level in the nutrient solution aggravated the effect of low Mg supply-induced Mg deficiency and created the oxidative damage in rice plants.     

重金属胁迫对水稻叶片过氧化氢酶活性和同功酶表达的影响

本文报道了浓度为 0 0 5～ 2 0mM的重金属Cu、Cd、Hg胁迫对 3个不同类型水稻品种幼苗叶片过氧化氢酶 (CAT)活性和同功酶表达的影响。结果表明 :( 1 )在胁迫浓度为 0 0 5～ 2 0mM范围内 ,CAT活性随Cu和Cd浓度的增高而持续下降 ;CAT活性随Hg浓度的增高表现为先下降 ,再略有升高 ,然后又明显下降 ,表明浓度为 0 0 5～ 2 0mM的Cu、Cd、Hg胁迫显著抑制 3个不同类型水稻品种幼苗叶片CAT活性。( 2 )应用聚丙烯胺浓度梯度电泳对CAT同功酶分析显示 ,正常情况下水稻叶片中有 1～ 2个CAT同功酶的表达 (武育粳叶片中表达 2个 ,扬稻 6号和汕优 81 8叶片中表达1个 )。 0 1mM的Cd胁迫能诱导武育粳叶片 ,0 1mM的Cd和Hg胁迫能诱导扬稻 6号叶片表达 1个新的CAT同功酶。尽管如此 ,正常表达的CAT同功酶仍受到重金属Cu、Cd、Hg胁迫的抑制     

土壤干旱对冬小麦功能叶过氧化物酶同工酶及抗旱性的影响

以６个抗旱性不同的冬小麦品种为试验材料，研究了土壤干旱对拨节期冬小麦功能叶片过氧化物酶同工酶、生物产量及某些经济性状的影响。结果表明：一定程度的土壤干旱可导致小麦功能叶片过氧化物酶同工酶发生相应的变化，抗旱性不同的小麦品种其同工酶酶谱不同，其酶谱变化与抗旱性间存在着一定的相关性。     

Effect of potassium on growth and the electrophoretic pattern of leaf proteins of sunflower supplied with ammonium or nitrate

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) was grown on liquid medium containing either nitrate, ammonium or ammonium + nitrate, with or without potassium. The growth of plants supplied with nitrate or ammonium + nitrate in the presence of potassium (5 mmol/l) was comparable. Plants grown on ammonium‐N only showed significantly lower growth. Dry matter and organic nitrogen content in plants supplied with ammonium + nitrate (total nitrogen 10 mmol/1) in the presence of potassium (5 mmol/l) was higher than in nitrate grown plants. Leaf protein pattern on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) was not affected by the nitrogen source provided in the medium.

Potassium deficiency led to reduced growth, necrotic spots on the leaves and specific alterations in leaf protein pattern, expressed by an increase or decrease in several polypeptides. This was common to all the nitrogen forms tested. A most pronounced change was the increased expression of polypeptides of molecular weight 60 and 62 kilodaltons.