重组猪γ干扰素对猪瘟弱毒疫苗免疫效果的影响

为研究rPoIFN-γ对HCV血清抗体产生的影响,选28日龄健康仔猪16头,随机分为4组,第1组为对照组,2~4组为试验组。各组均免疫HCV疫苗2头份,同时第1组分点肌注生理盐水4 mL/头;2~4组分别分点肌注rPoIFN-γ注射液4万单位/头(4 mL)、40万单位/头(4mL)、400万单位/头(4mL)。结果显示,免疫HCV疫苗后第28d,2组血清抗体水平显著高于第1组(P0.05);试验第21、28d和42d,第3组血清抗体水平显著高于第1组(P0.05);试验至28d和35d,第4组血清抗体水平显著高于第1组(P0.05)。试验结果表明,肌肉注射一定剂量的rPoIFN-γ促进了HCV血清抗体的产生,增强了疫苗免疫效果;适宜注射剂量为40万单位/头。     

不同同期发情方法对水牛发情和受胎效果的影响

本试验在1999—2003年对1132头母水牛进行同期发情,分10个处理组进行了比较。96 h内的总发情率为75.55%,3个月孕检第1情期受胎率为45.70%。其中宫内输入PGc0.6mg+肌注PMSG1000 IU+4℃保存精液组、CIDR+肌注PGc0.6mg+肌注PMSG1000IU组和宫内输入PG c0.66mg+肌注PMSG1000IU+冻精组取得较高的发情率和第1情期受胎率分别为54.55%4、6.03%和46.48%;而单独肌注PG c0.6mg组、宫内输入肌注PGc4mg+肌注PMSG1000IU的发情率较低(64.18%和65.91%);试验还发现,第1次输精时给予HCG3000IU的受胎率均低于HCG1000IU的其他各组。试验表明:用同一处理方法,处女水牛对同期发情处理后反应比经产水牛差。     

治疗奶牛卵泡囊肿窍门

1 绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）肌注或静脉注射1000-2000单位，并加地塞米松10-20mg。囊肿如能挤破，效果更明显。LRH-A3（促排3号）肌注1000-2000单位。     

生殖激素在母猪繁殖上的应用

1生殖激素在猪繁殖障碍上的应用1.1持久黄体或黄体囊肿引起的不发情1.1.1氯前列烯醇0.1～0.2mg肌注或0.1mg宫腔给药1次。治愈率高,2～4d发情配种,效果良好,为首选方案。1.1.2促排2号或3号20μg肌注。3～4d发情,治愈率不如方法1,一般不建议使用。1.2卵巢机能静止引起的不发情1.2.1促卵泡素(FSH)100～200单位加促黄体素50～100单位肌注1次。为加强发情效果,可在给药后36～48h再肌注HCG1000单位;为提高情期受胎率,配种时肌注促排2号或3号20μg。1.2.2孕马血清(PMSG)1000单位,肌注1次,为加强效果务必在36～48h肌注绒促性素(HCG)500～1000…     

绒毛膜促性腺激素和促排卵素2号治疗奶牛卵泡囊肿效果的研究

目前虽然治疗卵泡囊肿的方法很多,但其治疗效果唯有激素治疗方法为最佳。兹将其治疗方法和结果报道如下。一、材料与方法1.药品:绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)和促排卵素2号(促排2号)都是由宁波市激素制品厂生产,批号分别为861027和861118。2.供试牛的选择和分组:选择长期发情、屡配不孕患卵泡囊肿的黑白花奶牛16例,并将这些病例随机分成A(6例)、B(5例)和C(5例)组。3.试验方法:A组静脉注射一次HCG5000单位(两侧均有较重的卵泡囊肿2例第二日再注);B组每日肌注一次促排2号500微克,连续肌注4;次C组每日对有囊肿侧的阴唇粘膜下注射500微克,连续肌注2次。4.疗效判定标准:发情周期恢复正常并排卵,两次发情输精受胎者为治愈;发情周期恢复正常,两次发情输精未受胎者为有效;治疗后仍持续发情者为无效。二、结果A组患畜治疗效果最佳。6例患畜全     

LRH-A和HCG提高奶牛情期受胎率的试验

我们在临床健康的69头黑白花奶牛中进行了LRH-A和HCG提高奶牛情期1次输精受胎率的试验。试验牛在发情期输精的同时肌注LRH-A200微克(试验Ⅰ组,n=24),或HCG1000国际单位(试验Ⅱ组,n=21)。对照牛只输精不作其他处理(对照,n=24)。配种后2—3个月,采用超声多普勒检测仪配合直肠检查表明,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组和对照组牛的情期1次输精受胎率分别是79.1％、66.6％和33.3％。经X~2检验,试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组之间无显著差异,而试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组和对照组之间差异极显著(P<0.01)。提示应用LRH-A和HCG处理能明显提高母牛的情期受胎率。     

129/J小鼠超排效果的研究

本试验分别以近交系C57BL/6和129/J小鼠为试验材料,研究注射不同剂量的PMSG和HCG对小鼠超排效果。取129/J小鼠各30只,按照注射剂量不同分为3组,A组(PMSG2.5IU,HCG2.5IU)、B组(PMSG5.0IU,HCG5.0IU)、C组(PMSG7.5IU,HCG7.5IU),每组10只。每只小鼠腹腔注射PMSG,间隔48h后分别注射HCG进行超数排卵试验,结果表明,129/J小鼠C剂量组平均取卵数为41±10.1(枚/只),明显高于A剂量组和B剂量组(分别为26±8.42和29.5±8.0),有显著性差异(P0.05)。     

表达猪源GM-CSF重组PRRSV疫苗对同源高致病性毒株的免疫保护效力评价

为研究表达猪源粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)的重组猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)在动物体内的免疫调节特性及对其的保护效力评价,本研究将15头30日龄仔猪随机分成4组,空白对照组(DMEM)4头、疫苗对照组(HuN4-F112株)4头、疫苗组(rPRRSV-GM-CSF株)3头和攻毒对照组(DMEM+HuN4株)4头。疫苗对照组肌注免疫HuN4-F112株10⁵ TCID₅₀/头、疫苗组肌注免疫rPRRSV-GM-CSF株10⁵ TCID₅₀/头,实验空白组和攻毒对照组肌注DMEM 2 mL/头,免疫后28 d,疫苗组、疫苗对照组和攻毒对照组肌注HuN4株(10₅ TCID₅₀/头)。攻毒后的试验结果表明,免疫rPRRSV-GM-CSF重组病毒组和疫苗株HuN4-F112组获得完全保护,阴性对照组全部死亡;通过IDEXX试剂盒检测仔猪血清中PRRSV抗体水平可知,在免疫14 d后,疫苗组抗体水平显著高于疫苗对照组(P<0.05);由...     

HCG促进獭兔排卵效果的试验

<正> 为了解人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)促进獭兔排卵的确实效果(排卵部位、时间。数量),以便在人工授精中能够适时输精,特进行本试验。 一、试验方法 选择2000—2500克初进母獭兔20只,随机分为5一个组,在同一时间内股内侧肌肉tBtHC G(20单位/每公斤),分别在0、9、11、13、15小时取出各组母兔     

重组鸡IL-12在接种重组新城疫病毒HN蛋白鸡中的免疫佐剂活性

本研究构建并鉴定了表达新城疫病毒HN基因的重组鸡痘病毒rFPV/HN和共表达鸡IL-12(chIL-12)与HN(rHN/chIL-12)基因的重组鸡痘病毒rFPV/HN/chIL-12。将chIL-12重组鸡痘病毒表达的rHN/chIL-12或rchIL-12与rHN联合给药,以评估chIL-12的免疫佐剂活性。用不同剂量的rHN/chIL-12与矿物油混合,对试验鸡进行肌内注射。结果表明,血细胞凝集抑制反应(HI)抗体水平与rHN或rHN/chIL-12的注射剂量有关。试验组rHN/chIL-12/7～rHN/chIL-12/9(分别肌注60ng rHN/8ng chIL-12矿物油混合物、30ng rHN/4ng chIL-12矿物油混合物、15ng rHN/2ng chIL-12矿物油混合物)的HI抗体滴度低于仅肌注rHN与矿物油混合物的试验组rHN/7～rHN/9。但是,试验组rHN/chIL-12/7或rHN/chIL-12/8与rHN矿物油组的试验鸡表现出了相同的保护效果,试验组rHN/chIL-12/9甚至表现出比rHN/9组更好的保护作用。当rchIL-12与15ng rHN和矿物油共同注射...     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein