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1.
Weiss DJ Smith SA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2002,16(2):174-178
Nineteen cases of myelofibrosis were identified among 456 canine bone marrow specimens submitted for analysis. Myelofibrosis was classified as primary in I dog and as secondary in 18 dogs. Clinical conditions associated with secondary myelofibrosis included immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (n = 5), neoplasia (n = 4), and long-term drug treatment (n = 4). Drugs administered included phenobarbital, phenytoin, phenylbutazone, and colchicine. Bone marrow necrosis was observed in 5 dogs. Eight dogs were treated with immunosuppressive doses of prednisolone, and 3 were treated with erythropoietin. Half of the dogs with secondary myelofibrosis recovered from their cytopenias and were alive from 4 months to 5 years after diagnosis. 相似文献
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Objective
To describe the epidemiological factors and clinical significance of canine distichiasis.Animals studied
Two hundred and ninety-one client-owned dogs.Methods
Retrospective study of medical records for canine patients diagnosed with distichiasis between 2010 and 2019 in an ophthalmology specialty practice. The breed, sex, skull conformation, coat type, age at the time of diagnosis, reason for presentation, clinical examination findings, and affected eyelid(s) were reviewed.Results
The prevalence of distichiasis was 5.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.9–6.1) in the population of dogs presented to an ophthalmology specialty practice. The breeds with the highest prevalence were English bulldogs (35.2%, 95% CI: 26.7–43.7) and American cocker spaniels (19.4%, 95% CI: 8.3–30.5). The prevalence was significantly higher in brachycephalic dogs (11.9%, 95% CI: 9.8–14.0) than in non-brachycephalic dogs (4.6%, 95% CI: 4.0–5.3) and in short-haired dogs (8.2%, 95% CI: 6.8–9.6) than in dogs with other coat types (5.3%, 95% CI: 4.5–6.1). Most dogs were affected bilaterally (63.6%, 95% CI: 58.0–69.1). Among dogs with clinical signs, 39.0% (95% CI: 26.5–51.4) exhibited corneal ulceration, including superficial ulcers (28.8%, 95% CI: 17.3–40.4) and deep stromal ulcers (10.2%, 95% CI: 2.5–17.8). Distichiasis was non-irritating in 85.0% (95% CI: 80.6–89.4) of affected dogs.Conclusion
This study reports the largest cohort of canine distichiasis to date. In a large proportion of dogs, distichiasis was a non-irritating condition. However, brachycephalic breeds, especially English bulldogs, were the most frequently and severely affected. 相似文献3.
Weiss DJ Evanson OA Sykes J 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》1999,28(3):83-88
To better define the incidence and causes of canine pancytopenia, we retrospectively evaluated the results of complete blood counts submitted to the University of Minnesota Veterinary Teaching Hospital during a 1-year period. Pancytopenia was defined as packed cell volume < 36%, total leukocyte count < 6,000/microliter or total segmented neutrophil count < 3,000/microliter, and platelet count < 200,000/microliter. Of 4,560 complete blood counts, 110 (2.4%) samples from 51 dogs met the criteria for pancytopenia. Eleven different disease processes were identified. These included chemotherapy-associated pancytopenia (n=22), parvovirus infection (n=5), malignant histiocytosis (n=5), idiopathic aplastic anemia (n=3), sepsis (n=3), myelodysplastic syndrome (n=3), immune-mediated hematologic disease (n=3), lymphoblastic leukemia (n=2), ehrlichiosis (n=2), estrogen toxicity (n=2), and multiple myeloma (n=1). Malignant histiocytosis and idiopathic aplastic anemia occurred more frequently than was expected. Doxoruicin was the chemotherapeutic agent associated with pancytopenia. Hematologic recovery and patient survival time varied with the cause of pancytopenia; therefore, a specific diagnosis was essential for establishing prognosis. Differentiation among causes of pancytopenia requires a systemic approach that includes elimination of infectious and drug-induced causes, and examination of bone marrow aspiration and core biopsy specimens. 相似文献
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The objective of this retrospective study was to investigate in 100 dogs with otitis externa (OE) the possible associations between signalment, history, clinical and laboratory findings and the various primary, secondary and perpetuating causative factors of ear canal inflammation. The age of the dogs ranged from 3 months to 14 years (median: 4.75 years) and they included 45 males and 55 females. Cocker spaniels, Jura des Alpes and Brittany spaniels were significantly overrepresented among dogs with OE when compared to the hospital canine population. In the majority of the cases, OE was chronic-recurrent (63%) or bilateral (93%). Allergic dermatitis (43/100 dogs), grass awns (12/100) and otoacariasis (7/100) were the most common primary causative factors; no primary factor could be incriminated in 32 cases and more than one was found in three dogs. Malassezia spp. (66/100 dogs), cocci (38/100) and rods (22/100) were the secondary causative factors, while ear canal stenosis (38/100) and tympanic membrane perforation-otitis media (25/100) were the most important perpetuating factors. Atopic dermatitis and adverse food reactions-associated OE was more common in females and dogs with a history of pruritic skin disease, while grass awn-induced OE occurred in cocker spaniels and acute cases. Tympanic membrane perforation was less frequent in atopic dermatitis and adverse food reactions-associated OE, but more common when otoscopic and ear canal cytological examination revealed the presence of grass awns and rods, respectively. Finally, cocci overgrowth was positively associated with ear canal stenosis. 相似文献
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S. E. Brownlie 《The Journal of small animal practice》1990,31(8):371-376
Between 1983 and 1988, 109 cases of canine lower respiratory tract disease were examined and categorised according to clinical, radiographic and bronchoscopic findings and cytology of bronchial mucus. Non-specific chronic tracheobronchitis was diagnosed in 19 cases, bronchopneumonia (subacute or chronic) in 12 cases, bronchiectasis in 10 cases, parasitic bronchitis due to Oslerus osleri in 20 cases, eosinophilic bronchitis with or without bronchiectasis or alveolar infiltration in 25 cases, bronchial foreign bodies, mainly cereal ears, in 14 cases, primary neoplasia (adenocarcinomas) in six cases and miscellaneous disease in three cases. Features of these conditions are discussed. Although the aetiology of chronic bronchial disease may not always be ascertained, it is important to assign a dog to a diagnostic category so that the owner can be given a more accurate prognosis. 相似文献
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Bertazzolo W Dell'Orco M Bonfanti U DeLorenzi D Masserdotti C De Marco B Caniatti M Roccabianca P 《The Journal of small animal practice》2004,45(11):539-545
The cytological features of 19 histologically confirmed canine ovarian tumours were retrospectively examined. Seven cases were cytologically classified as papillary adenocarcinoma, eight cases as granulosa cell tumours, two cases as mature ovarian teratomas, one case as a dysgerminoma and one case as a mixed granulosa cell tumour/dysgerminoma. On cytology, papillary adenocarcinoma was characterised by a papillary glandular pattern and tight cohesiveness. Granulosa cell tumours showed monolayered clusters of loosely cohesive granulosa cells. Call-Exner-like bodies were found in five of seven cases. Granulosa cells appeared to be heterogeneous and usually contained several intracytoplasmic vacuoles. Teratoma was characterised cytologically by keratin debris (two cases) and a mixture of epithelial cells with sebaceous, basaloid, columnar/palisading or ciliated appearance (one case). The dysgerminoma contained severely atypical round cells admixed with small lymphocytes. The mixed dysgerminoma/granulosa cell tumour had a mixture of germinal and granulosa cells. Cytological diagnosis was in agreement with histopathology in 18 of 19 (94.7 per cent) cases. 相似文献
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A retrospective study was conducted to determine the relative frequency and type of elimination problem seen in dogs at a university referral practice and to evaluate the efficacy of the suggested treatments. Cases presented to the Animal Behavior Clinic at Cornell University between 1987 and 1996 were reviewed. Of 1,173 cases, 105 (9%) were house-soiling cases. Of these cases, the authors obtained outcome information from 70. Within the diagnosis of house soiling, incomplete housebreaking (n=59; 84%) were the most frequent referral cases, of which 48 cases (81%; 95% confidence interval, 69% to 90%) improved. Separation anxiety was considered the second most common underlying cause (n=27; 39%), of which 85% (n=23; 95% confidence interval, 66% to 96%) improved. Behavior modification was the most often suggested treatment (n=58), with 48 (83%) cases improving. Behavior modification consisted of accompanying the dog to the preferred elimination area, rewarding the dog for eliminating there, and punishing the dog only when caught in the act of house soiling. These results suggest that correct house training, behavior modification involving positive reinforcement, and appropriate punishment are essential to diminish house-soiling problems in dogs. 相似文献
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Meler E Dunn M Lecuyer M 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2008,49(1):71-76
Persistent canine nasal disease is a common complaint in small animal practice; however, an etiologic diagnosis can be difficult to establish. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the percentage of cases for which the etiology was determined in our hospital population. Medical records from 80 dogs met the criteria of inclusion in the study. Nonspecific rhinitis was identified in 23.7% of cases. Other diagnoses were neoplasia (15.0%), fungal infection (nasal aspergillosis) (8.7%), cleft palate (8.7%), periodontal disease (4.0%), parasites (1.3%), foreign body (1.3%), and primary bacterial disease (1.3%). A definitive diagnosis could not be established in 36.3% of cases. Dogs with neoplastic and mycotic diseases often presented with severe radiographic and rhinoscopic lesions. Despite a systematic approach, numerous cases went undiagnosed. The use of advanced imaging should increase our ability to obtain an etiologic diagnosis in canine nasal disease. 相似文献
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Twenty-one cases of cutaneous vasculitis in small animals (dogs and cats) were reviewed, and cases were divided by clinical signs into five groups. An attempt was made to correlate clinical types of vasculitis with histological inflammatory patterns, response to therapeutic drugs and prognosis. Greater than 50% of the cases were idiopathic, whereas five were induced by rabies vaccine, two were associated with hypersensitivity to beef, one was associated with lymphosarcoma and two were associated with the administration of oral drugs (ivermectin and itraconazole). Only the cases of rabies vaccine-induced vasculitis in dogs had a consistent histological inflammatory pattern (mononuclear/nonleukocytoclastic) and were responsive to combination therapy with prednisone and pentoxifylline, or to prednisone alone. Most cases with neutrophilic or neutrophilic/eosinophilic inflammatory patterns histologically did not respond to pentoxifylline, but responded to sulfone/sulfonamide drugs, prednisone, or a combination of the two. 相似文献
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Mylonakis ME Saridomichelakis MN Lazaridis V Leontides LS Kostoulas P Koutinas AF 《The Journal of small animal practice》2008,49(4):191-196
OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and identify possible clinicopathologic indicators of the diseases associated with canine epistaxis. METHODS: The medical records of 61 dogs with epistaxis were reviewed. RESULTS: Systemic diseases, diagnosed in fifty-six dogs, included canine leishmaniasis in twenty-three dogs, canine monocytic ehrlichiosis in twenty-two, concurrent canine leishmaniasis and canine monocytic ehrlichiosis in six, rodenticide toxicity in two and primary immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, suspected oestrogen toxicity and systemic arterial hypertension in one dog each. Intranasal diseases were documented in the remaining five dogs, including transmissible venereal tumour in three dogs, and nasal adenocarcinoma and nasal aspergillosis in one dog each. Mucosal pallor and a generalised bleeding tendency were significantly more common among dogs with canine monocytic ehrlichiosis compared with those with canine leishmaniasis, whereas the opposite was true for peripheral lymphadenomegaly. Also, dogs with canine monocytic ehrlichiosis presented with pancytopenia more frequently compared with those with canine leishmaniasis; in the latter dogs, the median values of haematocrit, leucocyte and platelet counts and serum total protein concentrations were higher. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Canine leishmaniasis and canine monocytic ehrlichiosis are the leading causes of canine epistaxis in Greece. Mucosal pallor, bleeding tendency and pancytopenia are more likely to be indicative of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, as opposed to peripheral lymphadenomegaly and hyperproteinaemia in canine leishmaniasis. 相似文献
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OBJECTIVES: To assess the frequency distribution of pharyngeal disorders and to compare clinical signs in diseases of the different pharyngeal areas. To review the investigation methods. METHODS: Medical records of 67 dogs presenting with abnormalities of the pharyngeal area were retrospectively reviewed and classified according to the anatomic area involved, i.e. the nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal and laryngopharyngeal areas. Clinical signs, endoscopic findings and results of additional sampling were reviewed. RESULTS: Nasopharyngeal disorders were most frequently encountered (49 per cent), with choanal masses being the most frequent diagnosis (24 of 33), followed by laryngopharyngeal disorders (37.5 per cent) and oropharyngeal disorders (10.5 per cent). A rare condition, stenosis of the intrapharyngeal opening, was classified separately (3 per cent). An overall good correlation between matched cytology and histopathology samples was found. In all categories of diseases, clinical signs related to both the upper respiratory and digestive tracts were reported. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Pharyngeal disorders are more frequently localised in the nasopharyngeal area and include essentially choanal masses. The use of a flexible endoscope for retrograde rhinoscopy is essential for adequate investigation of the proximal nasopharyngeal area. Clinical signs do not allow differentiation of the pharyngeal disorder within the different pharyngeal areas. 相似文献
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Yamagishi C Momoi Y Kobayashi T Ide K Ohno K Tsujimoto H Iwasaki T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(9):915-924
In this study, a retrospective analysis was conducted to assess the current aspects and predisposing factors of canine sterile panniculitis. Miniature dachshund, neutered, and younger dogs appeared to be predisposed. In addition, histories of previous surgery and injection were associated in 46.5% of the cases, with several types of surgical suture materials used. About 88% of the dogs had multifocal lesions, frequently with signs of systemic illnesses. Whereas systemic immunosuppressive therapy was effective in most dogs, surgical excision of lesions was rarely curative. In order to prevent recurrences, over 65% of the cases required prolonged immunosuppressive therapy. Polymorphism of canine alpha(1)AT gene was investigated as a candidate gene for sterile panniculitis. Eight polymorphisms were discovered in seven Miniature dachshunds by direct nucleotide sequencing, which included a 12-bp deletion, three non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms, and four silent substitutions. Genotyping of the two polymorphisms, c.109_120del12 and c.483A>C, which identified at high incidence in the dachshunds, was conducted in 83 dogs of 6 popular breeds. The frequencies of neither polymorphism differed between Miniature dachshunds and other breeds, suggesting that neither is responsible for developing panniculitis. 相似文献
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Mylonakis ME Koutinas AF Breitschwerdt EB Hegarty BC Billinis CD Leontides LS Kontos VS 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2004,40(3):174-184
Nineteen dogs from Greece with chronic ehrlichiosis were studied. The dogs exhibited bicytopenia or pancytopenia, bone marrow hypoplasia, seroreactivity to Ehrlichia canis (E. canis) antigens, and had no history of drug or radiation exposure. Anorexia, depression, severe bleeding tendencies, hypoalbuminemia, and increased serum alanine aminotransferase activity were also hallmarks of the disease. All these animals eventually died, irrespective of the treatment applied. Some dogs were also serologically positive for Rickettsia conorii, Leishmania infantum (L. infantum), and Bartonella vinsonii subspp. berkhoffii. Polymerase chain reaction testing of bone marrow samples revealed E. canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilia, Anaplasma platys, and L. infantum in some dogs. Concurrent infections did not appear to substantially influence the clinical course and final outcome of the chronic canine ehrlichiosis. 相似文献
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Davis MJ Dewey CW Walker MA Kerwin SC Moon ML Kortz GD Koblik PD Mahaffey MB Budsberg SC Slater MR 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2000,36(1):81-85
A multicenter, retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate contrast radiographic findings in canine bacterial discospondylitis. Records and myelograms or epidurograms of 27 patients were obtained from five colleges of veterinary medicine. Fifteen cases (56%) were evaluated as having some degree of spinal cord compression. The majority (73.3%) of the cases had only soft tissue as the compressive mass. The median compression for all cases was 5% of the vertebral canal. No difference was noted for compression based on anatomical site (i.e., cervical versus thoracolumbar versus lumbosacral). No significant correlation between degree of lesion compression and clinical outcome was noted, but there was a trend toward increased mortality with greater compression. There was no correlation between the ambulatory status and the ultimate outcome. Three of the 15 (20%) cases showed vertebral subluxation. Results of this study indicate that static spinal cord compression is not a significant component of the neurological dysfunction associated with bacterial discospondylitis. Identification of vertebral subluxation in some patients may indicate a dynamic lesion that should be evaluated with stress radiography. 相似文献
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Segev G Yas-Natan E Shlosberg A Aroch I 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2006,172(1):109-113
Alpha-chloralose (AC) is an anaesthetic compound also used as a rodenticide, and has dose-dependent central nervous system mixed effects of excitation and depression. The objectives of this study were to detail the clinical and clinicopathological characteristics, as well as the treatment and prognosis, of AC toxicosis in dogs and cats. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for AC poisoning between the years 1989 and 2004, and 33 dogs and 13 cats were included in the study. The most common clinical signs were seizures, muscle tremor, hyperaesthesia, hypothermia, salivation, myosis, stupor, coma and ataxia. Coma was more common, while salivation and ataxia were less common in cats compared to dogs. Although hypothermia was very common, especially in cats (90.9%), hyperthermia was frequently observed in dogs (21%). Treatment in all patients was supportive and symptomatic, and the most commonly used anticonvulsants were diazepam and barbiturates; however, severe unresponsive seizures in three dogs had to be controlled with inhalant gas anaesthesia. The hospitalisation period was 1-3 days, and the overall mortality rate was 6.5%. Alpha-chloralose poisoning seems to have a favourable prognosis in dogs and cats. 相似文献