甲醛改性茶叶渣对废水中Cr6+的吸附研究

采用甲醛改性茶叶渣制成吸附剂,研究其对废水中Cr~(6+)的吸附性能。考察了Cr~(6+)初始浓度、溶液p H值、吸附剂用量、吸附时间和吸附温度等5个因素对吸附率的影响,并分析了改性茶叶渣吸附Cr~(6+)的吸附动力学特征。结果表明:Cr~(6+)初始浓度为60 mg/L、溶液pH为2、吸附剂用量为0.6 g、吸附时间为60 min、吸附温度为25℃时,改性茶叶渣对Cr~(6+)的吸附率可达94.0%。吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,其相关系数达到0.9956,以化学吸附为主。     

大孔吸附树脂对橡胶乳清中白坚木皮醇静态吸附的研究

通过静态吸附、静态解吸及吸附动力学研究,对比分析了ADS-7、ADS-17、聚酰胺树脂、超高交联树脂和酚醛型树脂等5种大孔吸附树脂对橡胶乳清中白坚木皮醇的分离效果,同时探讨了ADS-17树脂在25℃下的等温吸附过程,并用Langmuir吸附等温线模型和Freundlich模型分别对吸附数据进行拟合。结果表明:5种树脂中,中极性的大孔吸附树脂ADS-17对白坚木皮醇的吸附效果最佳,吸附平衡时间约4 h,吸附量可达5.8 mg/g干树脂;且白坚木皮醇在ADS-17树脂上的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温线模型,为单分子层吸附。     

茶梗木质纤维素对儿茶素类吸附动力学研究

以茶梗为原料制备木质纤维素,通过静态吸附,研究茶梗木质纤维素在绿茶提取物溶液中对儿茶素类的吸附动力学。结果表明,茶梗木质纤维素对儿茶素类总量的吸附等温线符合Freundlich经验方程,随着温度的升高,茶梗木质素纤维素对儿茶素类的平衡吸附量降低;动力学研究数据用拟一级速率方程和拟二级速率方程模拟,其中拟二级速率方程拟合程度更高,在不同温度下利用拟二级速率方程计算的总儿茶素类饱和吸附量与实测值吻合。随着温度的升高,速率常数k1和k2提高,而总儿茶素类的初始吸附速率降低。     

纳豆激酶的亲和吸附工艺研究

采用静态吸附方法验证了大豆颗粒对纳豆激酶的亲和吸附特性,测定了其静态吸附动力学特性和吸附等温线以及一些吸附条件。结果表明:该亲和吸附等温线符合Langmiur方程,吸附动力学符合扩散方程;吸附的最佳缓冲液选择pH6.0、0.01 mol.L-1的PBS,在静态时选用大豆颗粒的最大吸附量为6351.58 IU.g-1,洗脱后收率达到81.30%,纯化倍数约30.23倍。初步推断大豆蛋白中含有与纳豆激酶特异性吸附的的配体结构。     

钠基蒙脱石对菜籽油中磷脂的吸附行为研究

为了解钠基蒙脱石（sodium montmorillonite, Na-MMT）在油脂脱胶过程中的吸附行为以及吸附机理,采用钠化方法将钙基蒙脱石制备成Na-MMT,并对其进行X射线衍射和热重分析;利用Na-MMT对菜籽油中的磷脂（phospholipids, PL）进行吸附,探讨PL在Na-MMT上的静态吸附平衡、吸附动力学和吸附热力学。结果表明,Na-MMT对PL的最大理论吸附量为833.3mg/g;Na-MMT对PL的吸附是属于优惠吸附,吸热且自发进行。Freundlich吸附模型能够较好地拟合其静态吸附行为;同时拟二级吸附动力学模型适用于描述Na-MMT吸附PL的动力学特性。 [     

改性绿茶去除水中碱性品红的研究

以改性绿茶为吸附材料,探索了改性剂、改性剂浓度、染料的初始浓度、吸附时间、吸附温度等因素对改性绿茶吸附碱性品红,的影响,确定了改性绿茶最佳吸附条件。实验结果表明,绿茶经改性剂改性选出最佳改性剂为环氧氯丙烷,最佳改性剂浓度为0.015 mol·L~(-1),碱性品红初始质量浓度为20 mg·L~(-1)时吸附量最大,最佳吸附温度为30℃,吸附时间240 min为最好,最大吸附量为53.6 mg·g~(-1)。在描述改性绿茶对碱性品红吸附的动力学行为上,准一级动力学曲线更好;在等温吸附方面,改性绿茶对碱性品红的吸附行为非常符合Langmuir模型,改性绿茶对碱性品红的吸附为单分子层吸附。     

粤西蔗区土壤中尿素对吡虫啉吸附特性的影响

通过批量平衡法,研究4个浓度(0、0.8、4、8 g/kg)尿素处理与吡虫啉混施对吡虫啉在粤西蔗区土壤(红壤)中吸附特性的影响,为今后尿素与吡虫啉混施在粤西蔗区的使用提供一定的理论依据.结果表明:(1)吡虫啉在土壤中的吸附于24 h达到平衡,吸附动力学过程符合准二级动力学方程和Elovich方程,吸附过程是先快后慢最终...     

皂化麦麸对重金属Cd~(2+)的吸附作用及吸附机理研究

为扩大纤维素类生物吸附剂的开发利用资源,采用五因子二次回归正交旋转组合设计方法对影响皂化麦麸吸附Cd2+的因子进行优化,得出在吸附时间为1h、加入量为0.20g、pH=6、温度20℃、浓度2.00mg·L-1时,皂化麦麸有最大吸附率(YMax=99.19%)。对比试验表明,皂化麦麸对Cd2+的吸附优于活性炭,纤维素在吸附中起主要作用。扫描电镜下皂化麦麸表面显示粗糙和多褶皱的物理吸附特征,红外光谱显示皂化麦麸中-OH、-CH3、C≡C、C=C、C=O、C-O基团可能参与吸附作用。吸附等温线和吸附动力学模型显示,皂化麦麸对Cd2+吸附符合Freundlich等温式和二级动力学模型。皂化麦麸经过解吸附可以反复使用。     

咖啡壳吸附亚甲基蓝和碱性品红的性能研究

研究了咖啡壳对亚甲基蓝和碱性品红的吸附性能,考察了咖啡壳的粒径、投加量、溶液p H、吸附时间、温度等条件对吸附效果的影响。应用准一级动力学方程和准二级动力学方程模拟了咖啡壳吸附亚甲基蓝和碱性品红的动力学过程,结果表明准二级动力学方程适合描述整个吸附过程。文中计算了吉布斯自由能(ΔG0)、焓变(ΔH0)、熵变(ΔS0)等热力学参数,ΔG0、ΔH0均小于0、ΔS0大于0,说明此吸附过程是一个自发的无序的放热过程。     

绿茶揉捻叶的水分解吸和吸附特性

对揉捻叶在20、30、40℃及不同的水分活度(0.11—0.98)下的解吸和吸附特性进行了研究,结果表明,揉捻叶的等温解吸和吸附曲线符合 Halsey 方程,解吸和吸附过程存在着滞后现象。在相同的水分活度下(等压线),温度升高,平衡含水率下降;在相同的平衡含水率下(等量线),温度升高,相对湿度则降低。同时,解吸和吸附过程中的焓随含水率的下降而增加。此外,温度和相对湿度对解吸和吸附速率有明显的影响。本文还对揉捻叶的解吸和吸附特性与茶叶品质及花茶窨制技术的关系进行了讨论。     

Kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies of ternary system dye removal using a biopolymer

In this paper, dye removal ability of sodium alginate (SA) as a biopolymer from ternary systems was investigated. Physical characteristics of SA were studied using Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Three textile basic dyes were used as model compounds. The adsorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics were studied. The effect of SA dosage, initial dye concentration and pH on dye removal was elucidated. It was found that adsorption kinetics of dyes followed with pseudo-second order kinetics. In addition, dyes followed with Langmuir, and extended Langmuir isotherm in single and ternary systems, respectively. The thermodynamic data showed that the dye adsorption onto SA was a spontaneous, endothermic and physisorption reaction. Based on the data of present investigation, one could conclude that the alginate being a biocompatible, eco-friendly and low-cost adsorbent might be a suitable alternative for elimination of dyes from colored aqueous solutions.     

Tobacco stems as a low cost adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) from wastewater: Equilibrium and kinetic studies

Adsorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution onto tobacco stems has been investigated to evaluate the effects of initial lead ion concentration, adsorbent dosage, contact time, pH and temperature on the removal of Pb(II) systematically. The optimal pH value for Pb(II) adsorption onto the tobacco stems was found to be 5.0. The removal of lead ions for concentrations 10, 30 and 50 mg L⁻¹ using 0.8 g adsorbent at contact time of 120 min and at temperature of 299 K were 94.37%, 92.10% and 90.43%, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters such as standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), standard enthalpy (ΔH°), and standard entropy (ΔS°) were evaluated by applying the Van’t Hoff equation, which describes the dependence of equilibrium constant on temperature. The thermodynamics of Pb(II) adsorption onto the tobacco stems indicated that the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to analyze the equilibrium data at different temperatures and the equilibrium data were found to fit Freundlich isotherm equation better than Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption was analyzed using pseudo-second-order kinetic equation.     

Thermodynamics of adsorption of laccaic acid onto chitosan and associated dye toxicity studies

The thermodynamics of adsorption of laccaic acid (lac dye) onto chitosan were investigated under acidic condition over various concentrations (20–293 mg/l). Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms were used to analyze the equilibrium data at different temperatures, with the Freundlich isotherm fitting the experimental data significantly better than the other isotherms. The effect of temperature on the adsorption isotherm was studied by carrying out a series of isotherms at 10, 20, 40, and 60 °C. It was found that more dye was strongly adsorbed by chitosan when the temperature of the dye solution increased. Thermodynamic parameters such as free energy change (ΔG°), enthalpy change (ΔH°), and entropy change (ΔS°) were also evaluated. The negative value of ΔG° and positive value of ΔH° indicated that the laccaic acid adsorption process is a spontaneous and an endothermic one. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the functional groups of chitosan that affected the laccaic acid adsorption. Therefore, laccaic acid molecules could interact with the chitosan via electrostatic forces, hydrogen bonding, and ion-dipole interactions under acidic condition. From the toxicity study, the dye solution with the initial dye concentrations of 40 and 120 mg/l before dye removal showed significant mortality to earthworm Diplocardia communis (P<0.01).     

多孔淀粉对茶多酚的吸附性能及其复合物抗氧化能力的研究

采用双酶法制备玉米多孔淀粉,以玉米多孔淀粉作为载体吸附茶多酚,研究玉米多孔淀粉吸附茶多酚的影响因素,正交实验优化吸附条件。探讨了吸附热力学规律,用Freundlich和Langmuir方程拟合并绘制等温吸附线,研究表明吸附过程比较符合Langmuir吸附规律（R²>0.99）。根据Langmuir等温吸附线计算微分吸附热,吸附热符合氢键键能范围,通过测定该复合物对DPPH与ABTS自由基的清除率,可见复合物仍保持较高的抗氧化能力,多孔淀粉复合后的茶多酚自氧化速度显著减慢。     

茶多糖对氟离子的吸附特性研究

为研究茶多糖对氟的吸附特性,分析了不同温度、不同加氟量条件下,多糖吸附氟的能力,并对多糖吸附氟的等温吸附模型进行了拟合,分析了多糖结构和组成可能对吸附氟的影响。结果表明:温度对多糖结合氟的影响较大,40℃下多糖表面空松,吸附氟的能力最强,随着温度的升高,多糖表面逐渐变得致密,结合氟的能力下降,温度高于70℃后,多糖吸附氟量又会有所增加;40℃下,随着氟添加量的增加,多糖吸附氟量增加,当添加量达到多糖量1.8倍后,多糖吸附氟量不再增加。多糖吸附氟符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,分配因子RL均大于0小于1,属于有利的吸附。粗多糖脱蛋白脱色后,结构和组成发生较大变化,表面变得光滑平整,F~-、Al~(3+)、Mn~(2+)和Fe~(3+)的含量都急剧下降,吸附氟的能力也下降。说明多糖吸附氟的能力与多糖的组成、结构有关,蛋白质及Mn~(2+)、Fe~(3+)、Al~(3+)在多糖结合氟中起到较重要作用。     

Adsorption and dyeing characteristics of reactive dyes onto cotton fiber in nonionic Triton X-100 reverse micelles

The nonionic reverse micelles used for dyeing cotton fiber were prepared with a non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100 (TX-100) by injecting small amount of reactive dye aqueous solution. The adsorption capacity of three water-soluble anionic azo dyes including Reactive Blue 222, Reactive Red 195 and Reactive Yellow 145 onto cotton fiber was investigated. The Langmuir and Freundlich isothermals were employed to model the adsorption data. In addition, the color strength and fixation rate of cotton fabrics dyed in the reverse micelles and bulk water were examined and compared. The salt and alkali as influencing factors were also discussed. The FT-IR spectra were employed to study the polarity of water added in reverse micelles. The results indicated that the adsorption of the dyes onto cotton showed better agreement with Langmuir model. The adsorption process was monolayer adsorption. Reactive Yellow 145 with lower negative charge and higher hydrophilicity exhibited the higher adsorption capacity. The fixation percentage and color strength of the cotton fiber dyed in TX-100 reverse micelles was higher than those in bulk water. The polarity of water in TX-100 reverse micelles was lower than that in bulk water.     

套种不同牧草的果园土壤对铵的吸附特性研究

以套种不同牧草的果园土壤为研究对象,通过室内等温吸附实验,分析比较了各个处理对氨态氮的吸附特性,并将结果用不同的数学模型拟合进行分析.结果表明:当土壤的氨浓度超过一临界值时,其对氨离子的吸附量会出现明显上升,而在此临界值以下则变化不明显；套种不同牧草可不同程度地提高土壤的铵吸附能力,具体表现为圆叶决明＞百喜草＞平托花生＞宽叶雀稗＞CK(自然生日本草)；各处理土壤铵等温吸附与多项式拟合效果最佳,与Freundlich、Temkin方程拟合达显著水平,Langmuir方程的拟合结果较差.     

大豆蛋白偶联壳聚糖微球介质提取纳豆激酶的研究

采用液体反相悬浮法制取壳聚糖微球,在微球表面偶联纳豆激酶的亲和配体一大豆蛋白,作为纳豆溶栓酶的亲和吸附介质.结果表明:壳聚糖微球本身对纳豆激酶没有特异吸附,偶联大豆蛋白的壳聚糖微球对发酵粗酶液中的纳豆激酶的吸附性能符合Langmuir方程,吸附平衡时间约为60 min,最大吸附量为3 926.56 U·8-1.纳豆激酶...     

茶园土壤对氟的吸附与解吸特性

研究了我国主要砖茶产区湖南省和湖北省茶园土壤对氟的吸附与解吸特性。茶园土壤氟的吸附可由Freundlich方程描述 ,Langmuir方程只在低浓度 (初始氟浓度 0 5 - 2 0mmol/L)时适用 ,且拟合程度不如Freundlich方程 ,Temkin方程不能描述茶园土壤对氟的吸附特征。氟的解吸率随加入氟浓度而变化 ,在高浓度下吸附的氟更易被解吸。解吸率与Freundlich吸附方程的k值成显著或极显著负相关 ,与Langmuir方程参数的相关系数因加入氟浓度而变化 ,低浓度时 ,氟的解吸率与结合