广西优势血清西优势血清型IBV代表株M基因在杆状病毒系统中的表达

采用RT-PCR扩增鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)广西优势血清型代表性毒株GX-YL5的膜(M)蛋白基因,将其克隆至pFastBac~(TM)/HBM-TOPO杆状病毒转移载体,转化大肠杆菌DH10Bac感受态细胞,获得重组杆粒rHBM-M;将重组杆粒转染Sf9昆虫细胞,获得重组杆状病毒;利用间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)和蛋白质免疫印迹(Western-blot)鉴定表达的M蛋白。IFA检测可见重组杆状病毒感染后72h细胞出现特异性荧光,Westernblot检测可见大小约为26ku的特异性蛋白带,表明该重组M蛋白在Sf9昆虫细胞中成功获得表达。研究为IBVM蛋白的生物学功能、IBV诊断试剂和新型疫苗制备等奠定基础。     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒DB株核蛋白基因的克隆及在杆状病毒系统中的表达

利用PT－PCR方法扩增鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）DB株的核蛋白基因，并对其序列进行了测定，DB株IBV的核蛋白基因长度为1230bp，编码蛋白由409个氨基酸残基组成。与已发表的参考毒株进行核苷酸同源性比较，发现DB株与澳大利亚群毒株的亲缘关系最为密切。同时构建了杆状病毒重组转移载体pBlue-DB-N，将其与线性化的杆状病毒DNA共转染Sf9昆虫细胞，经过3轮蚀斑纯化和聚合酶链式反应（PCR）鉴定，获得重组杆状病毒rBac-DB－N。SDS－PAGE分析和Western blot检测的结果表明DB株IBV核蛋白基因基因在重组杆状病毒感染原Sf9昆虫细胞内获得表达，融合蛋白最大表达量占细胞蛋白总量的19．4％左右。     

大肠杆菌肽聚糖合成酶MraY在杆状病毒系统中的表达

磷酸-N-乙酰胞壁酸酯-胸腺喷丁转位酶(MraY)是参与大肠杆菌细胞壁合成的一种膜蛋白.由于该蛋白不能通过大肠杆菌表达系统进行过表达制备重组蛋白,本研究采用杆状病毒表达系统,通过PCR从大肠杆菌基因组中扩增出目的基因MraY,纯化后克隆于pFastBac 1质粒中构建重组转移质粒pFastBac-MraY.将其转化DH10感受态,构建重组杆粒Bacmid-MraY,并转染于Sf9昆虫细胞中进行重组杆状病毒制备和目的蛋白表达,采用westem blot和间接免疫荧光鉴定结果表明,目的蛋白在昆中细胞Sf9中获得表达,分子量为41 ku并以可溶性形式表达.该蛋白的表达为MraY的高级结构的解析以及噬菌体溶菌机制的研究奠定了基础.     

猪圆环病毒2型DY株ORF2基因在Sf9昆虫细胞中的表达

本试验采用PCR方法扩增出完整的PCV2 ORF2基因,并将其克隆到Bac-to-Bac杆状病毒表达系统的转移载体pFastBac1^TM中,获得重组转移载体pFast-ORF2,再将其转化DH10Bac感受态细胞,发生转座反应,通过抗性及蓝白斑筛选获得含有ORF2基因的重组杆粒,通过Cellfectin转染试剂介导将重组杆粒DNA转染Sf9昆虫细胞,获得重组杆状病毒。用该重组杆状病毒感染Sf9昆虫细胞,并通过间接免疫荧光法和Western blotting检测目的蛋白的表达。结果表明,ORF2基因在昆虫细胞中获得表达,表达的蛋白质可被PCV2阳性血清识别,这为进一步研究PCV2亚单位疫苗及诊断抗原奠定了基础。     

仙台病毒F基因在昆虫/杆状病毒系统中的表达及抗原性分析

为真核表达仙台病毒(SeV)融合蛋白(F)基因,本研究根据GenBank登录的SeV F基因序列设计合成一对特异性引物,以pMD18-T-F阳性重组质粒为模板扩增F基因,并将其克隆至杆状病毒穿梭质粒pFastBac HTa中,经酶切、PCR及测序鉴定正确后,转化感受态细胞DH10Bac,提取重组杆粒rBacmid-F,经PCR鉴定正确将rBacmid-F转染Sf9细胞,连续传代后,细胞病变明显。经SDS-PAGE分析,成功表达了相对分子量为65ku左右的F蛋白,western blot和ELISA分析表明重组F蛋白具有良好的抗原性。     

J亚群禽白血病病毒env基因主要功能区和EGFP基因在SSff9细胞中的融合表达

为获得具备良好抗原性和生物活性的J亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-J)env基因主要功能区的表达产物,采用特异性引物分别从保存的p MD18T-envHB2010质粒、PIRES2-EGFP中扩增ALV-J env基因主要功能区和增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)基因,酶切、连接后插入p Fast Bac Daul载体,构建杆状病毒转移载体p Fast Bac Daul-env-EGFP,将其转化DH10Bac感受态细胞制备重组杆粒Bacmid-env-EGFP,转染Sf9细胞进行真核表达。结果显示,转染了重组杆粒的Sf9细胞在倒置荧光显微镜下呈现亮绿荧光;以ALV-J单克隆抗体JE9进行Western blot检测,转染重组杆粒的Sf9细胞检测出约85 ku的条带。结果表明,目的基因在Sf9细胞中得到了良好的表达,为进一步研究ALV-J提供基础试验材料。     

鹅细小病毒VP3基因在昆虫杆状病毒表达系统中的表达

为真核表达鹅细小病毒（GPV）融合蛋白VP3基因,本研究通过PCR扩增GPV FY89株VP3基因,并将其克隆至杆状病毒转移载体pFastBac/HBM-TOPO中,经双酶切、PCR及测序鉴定正确后,转化感受态细胞DH10Bac,提取重组杆状病毒穿梭质粒rBacmid-VP3,将经PCR鉴定正确的rBacmid-VP3转染Sf9昆虫细胞,连续传代后,细胞病变明显。SDS-PAGE分析结果表明成功表达了分子质量约为61 ku的VP3蛋白;Western blotting分析结果表明重组VP3蛋白具有良好的抗原性。     

传染性造血器官坏死病病毒糖蛋白杆状病毒表达系统的构建及其抗原性分析

为研究传染性造血器官坏死病病毒（infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus,IHNV）主要结构蛋白糖蛋白（G）,本研究采用RT-PCR方法从IHNV中提取RNA并进行反转录,经PCR方法扩增获得1 380 bp的G蛋白基因片段,将其克隆到pFB-LIC-Bse杆状病毒载体中,成功构建了重组质粒pFB-LIC-Bse-G,转化到大肠杆菌DH10Bac感受态细胞中,获得了重组杆粒rBacmid-G。将重组杆粒转染至Sf9昆虫细胞,获得了重组杆状病毒。间接免疫荧光（IFA）和Western blotting分析显示,重组G蛋白可与抗组氨酸单抗（Anti-His）、抗IHNV鼠血清发生特异性反应,表明本研究克隆的IHNV G蛋白在真核表达系统中得到正确表达,且该蛋白具有良好的抗原性。本试验结果为研究G蛋白的功能及开发IHNV新型疫苗奠定了基础。     

表达猪圆环病毒2型Cap蛋白的重组杆状病毒的构建及鉴定

利用Bac-to-Bac杆状病毒表达系统成功表达了猪圆环病毒2型Cap蛋白,并对该蛋白的生物活性进行鉴定。PCR获得Cap基因并克隆入pFastBacTMⅠ载体质粒,重组质粒pFastBacⅠ-Cap转化DH10Bac感受态细胞,通过蓝白斑筛选获得重组杆粒rBacmid-Cap。以脂质体法将重组杆粒转染对数生长期的Sf9细胞,获得重组杆状病毒。电镜下可见典型的杆状病毒,SDS-PAGE显示,重组病毒表达的Cap蛋白约28ku,间接免疫荧光试验证明,Cap蛋白良好表达并具有免疫反应性,为猪圆环病毒亚单位疫苗的研究奠定了基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。