河南省减蛋综合症(EDS—76)血清学调查

1992年1月至1993年6月,我们在河南省17个地区112个鸡场210群鸡中随机抽检1619份血样,共检出EDS—76血清阳性鸡:448只(27.76),阳性鸡群90个(42.8％),阳性鸡场69个(61.8％)。测检25群鸭173份血样,检出阳性鸭66只(38.2％),阳性鸭群21个(84％)。全省17个地区中12个地区     

大理州鸡沙门氏菌血清学调查

为了解大理州鸡群沙门氏菌的感染情况,从大理州9个县(市)的规模化养鸡场及散养场(户),随机采集鸡的血清样本1 424份,进行鸡沙门氏菌血清学相关检测。结果：1 424份血清样品中,检出阳性样品469份,平均阳性率为32.94%。其中规模化养鸡场检测数为1 055份,阳性318份,阳性率为30.14%;散养场(户)17家,抽检样品369份,阳性151份,阳性率为40.92%。抽检样品中,母鸡抽检754份,检测阳性数为264份,阳性率为35.01%;公鸡抽检670份,检测阳性数为205份,阳性率为30.60%。结论：大理州各地区养殖鸡群中普遍存在沙门氏菌的感染,规模化养鸡场鸡沙门氏菌感染率低于散养户,母鸡群比公鸡群的阳性率高。通过对大理州鸡群鸡沙门氏菌感染现状调查,为大理州鸡沙门氏菌的防控及净化提供了依据。     

我国A群牛轮状病毒感染的血清流行病学调查

为调查A群牛轮状病毒(BRV)在我国不同地区牛群中的感染和流行情况,本研究采用间接ELISA检测2005年～2006年期间在我国12个不同地区收集的1760份牛血清中抗A群BRV抗体。结果显示,其强阳性血清225份(12.8%);中等阳性血清1240份(70.4%);弱阳性血清279份(15.9%);阴性血清16份(1%)。总抗体阳性率高达99%。不同地区强阳性、中等阳性及弱阳性血清所占比例有所不同。结果表明,A群BRV在我国牛群中的感染和流行不但非常广泛,而且极为严重。本研究对我国BRV感染进行了较大规模的血清流行病学调查,其结果可为我国犊BRV腹泻疾病的防制提供重要的依据。     

浙江省十三种鸡病的血清学调查

1988年对全省78个县(市)86个种鸡场、61个集体场、158个专业户及143个乡的468群种鸡(其中培育种鸡55群)13552份血清进行了13种鸡病的抗体监测,结果如下: 1.新城疫免疫水平较低,均匀度较差,50％以上HI抗体≥5log2的仅26％(25/96),有85.5％的鸡群出现≤3log2抗体;群内个体离散性大,有17.7％群体(17/96)的个体分布在0log2-10log2之间。 2.产蛋下降综合症HI抗体全部阴性(60群1859份血清)。 3.琼脂扩散试验群阳性率:马立克氏病84.8％(340/402),传染性法氏囊病91.8％(370/403)、腺病     

贵州省家禽减蛋综合征的调查

自贵州省的家禽中采集血清或卵黄样本７０５份，用微量血凝抑制试验检测减蛋综合重征的抗体水平。结果表明，在６个健康鸡群中，阳性率为４．３％；在４个偏僻村寨农户散养的土种鸡群中，阳性率仅为０．９％，而在３个出现产蛋下降等症状的患病鸡群中，阳笥率高达９１．８％，大多数阳性血清的效价为１：３２－１：５１２，最高达到１：４０９６。     

肉种禽网状内皮增生症、鸡传染性贫血和禽白血病血清学调查

对不同种鸡场不同周龄肉种鸡进行REV、CAV和ALV（A、B亚群）抗体检测。在572份血清样品中，除了一个8．1周龄和15周龄鸡群CAV抗体阳性率分别为13．3％和75％外，其它鸡群无论是否进行CAV疫苗免疫，抗体阳性率均为100％。在212份血清样品中，REV抗体阳性率在16．7％～62．5％之间；ALV（A、B亚群）抗体阳性率在0％～75％之间。本研究结果表明，所检测种鸡群中存在3种免疫抑制性病毒的感染或混合感染。     

用异源抗体免疫荧光技术检测禽脑脊髓炎病毒和抗体

用禽脑脊髓炎病毒免疫的鼠阳性血清作为诊断抗体,对21份待检禽血清和10份病料进行检测,其结果如下:抗体阻断荧光试验(ABET)检测21份血清中,阳性血清11份,阴性血清10份,中和试验测得,阳性血清11份(NI＞1.17),阴性血清10份;琼扩试验测得阳性血清5份。间接免疫荧光试验测得10份病料中有7份阳性,2份可疑,1份阴性,用这些可疑病料脑内接种1日龄雏鸡,成功     

猪细小病毒的血清学调查

本文采用微量血凝抑制试验(HI)对某地区18个新建种猪场的148头初产母猪进行细小病毒的血清学检测,共检出阳性血清90份(血凝抑制价≥1:10),占60.8％;阴性血清58份,占39.2％。     

细胞壁抗原用于布氏杆菌病诊断试验的研究

用培养的布氏杆菌菌体，通过超声波裂解、反复离心制备出布氏杆菌细胞壁抗原。将细胞壁抗原作1：128稀释，用作牛种布氏杆菌酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA)的抗原；将布氏杆菌细胞壁抗原作1：32稀释，用作平板凝集试验抗原；把细胞壁抗原作1：16稀释用作试管凝集试验抗原，分别建立了牛布氏杆菌ELISA试验、平板凝集试验和试管凝集试验。用这3种方法，检测已知200份平板凝集试验阴性血清，5份平板凝集试验阳性血清。结果5份阳性血清在平板凝集试验、试管凝集试验和ELISA试验中均为阳性；200份阴性血清在平板凝集试验和试管凝集试验中均为阴性，在ELISA试验中有1份为阳性?试验证明，细胞壁抗原，既能用于传统的平板凝集试验和试管凝集试验，又能用于ELISA试验。     

我国部分地区祖代鸡群鸡传染性贫血的血清学调查与分析

为了解祖代鸡群中鸡传染性贫血病毒（CIAV）的感染情况，研究采集18个省（市）未免疫CIAV疫苗的44个祖代种鸡场4 847份血清样品，采用ELISA方法对CIAV抗体进行检测，通过比较群间、空间、阳性场的抗体滴度，解析祖代鸡群CIAV感染状况。结果显示：祖代鸡群中CIAV感染较普遍，场阳性率为97.7%，个体阳性率为66.0%；不同生产用途、来源的种鸡群均有感染，且分布范围广泛；43个抗体阳性场中，有1个种鸡场抗体滴度高且变异系数小，42个种鸡场抗体滴度低或抗体滴度较高但离散程度大，有发生垂直传播的风险。结果表明，我国祖代鸡群中CIAV抗体阳性率较高，存在向父母代场垂直传播CIAV的风险。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …