花鼠冬眠前后血液生理指标变化研究

为了掌握花鼠血液生理指标的基本数据以及花鼠冬眠前后各项指标的变化情况,试验采用BC-3000全自动血液细胞分析仪对冬眠前后花鼠的生理指标进行了测定。结果表明:花鼠冬眠后,白细胞数目(WBC)、淋巴细胞数目(LYMPH)、中性粒细胞数目(GRAN)、淋巴细胞百分比、中性粒细胞百分比、平均红细胞体积(MCV)、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(MCH)、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)、血小板数目(PLT)、血小板分布宽度(PDW)、血小板比容(PCT)等比冬眠前高;单核细胞数目(Mon)、单核细胞百分比、血红蛋白(HGB)、红细胞比容(HCT)、红细胞分布宽度变异系数(RDW)、平均血小板体积(MPV)几乎没有变化;只有红细胞数目(RBC)下降。生理指标的不同反映了花鼠在活动能力、健康状况等方面存在性别和季节性差异。     

非洲白犀牛血液常规参数的测定

本研究测定了石林龙晖野生动物科研中心饲养的非洲白犀牛的红细胞数、血红蛋白、红细胞比积、平均红细胞体积、平均血红蛋白含量、平均血红蛋白浓度、红细胞宽度变异系数、红细胞宽度标准差、血小板数、平均血小板体积、白细胞数、淋巴细胞绝对值、中间细胞绝对值、粒细胞绝对值、淋巴细胞百分比、中间细胞百分比、粒细胞百分比、大血小板百分比、血小板比积、血小板分布宽度。通过比较分析,雌、雄犀牛在红细胞数、大血小板百分比差异性显著（O．01〈P〈0．05）。其他雌、雄犀牛各项参数差异性不显著（P〉0．05）。雄性白犀牛与公乌蒙马相比,二者的血红蛋白差异性不显著。雌性白犀牛血液中的红细胞数与母乌蒙马的红细胞数差异性不显著。雌、雄白犀牛与安西牛的红细胞数和血红蛋白差异性不显著。因此,在诊断白犀牛血液常规指标时可参考乌蒙马和安西牛相关血液常规指标。     

不同检测仪器对SD大鼠血液生理指标测定的影响

目的：比较实验动物专用血细胞分析仪与医用血细胞分析仪对SD大鼠血液生理指标测定值的差异,分析检测仪器对大鼠血液生理指标测定的影响。方法：36只SD大鼠,体重约200 g,雌雄各半,屏障环境饲养,试验前禁食12 h,麻醉后采血,分别用实验动物专用血细胞分析仪与医用血细胞分析仪测定20项血液生理指标。结果：两种仪器分别检测的SD大鼠的平均血红蛋白浓度、平均血红蛋白含量、白细胞数量、淋巴细胞数量、单核细胞数量、嗜碱性粒细胞数量、嗜中性白细胞百分比、单核细胞百分比、嗜酸性粒细胞百分比、嗜碱性粒细胞百分比、淋巴细胞百分比、血小板数量、血小板分布宽度差异极显著（P＜0.01）;血红蛋白浓度、嗜中性白细胞数量、红细胞分布宽度差异显著（P＜0.05）;红细胞数量、红细胞压积、平均红细胞体积、嗜酸性粒细胞数量差异不显著（P＞0.05）。结论：不同检测仪器对SD大鼠血液学指标的检测有影响。     

犬高温环境代谢特征下血常规、血液流变学和血清生化指标的变化

为研究急性短期高温环境下机体营养物质代谢发生显著变化时犬血液学相关指标的变化规律,本试验采用人工模拟高温环境的方法,分别测定了试验犬(n=6)在(35±1)℃下持续0、3、8、16 h及自然降温16 h后的血常规、血液流变学及血清生化指标。结果显示:与试验开始前相比,急性短期高温环境下犬各试验时间点粒细胞计数、粒细胞百分比、红细胞变形指数和红细胞电泳指数均显著增加(P0.05),血红蛋白浓度、淋巴细胞百分比和单核细胞百分比均显著降低(P0.05),红细胞计数、红细胞压积、红细胞分布宽度、血小板压积、血小板分布宽度、平均血小板体积、红细胞聚集指数以及血清谷丙转氨酶活性、直/总胆红素值无显著变化(P0.05)。结果表明,急性短期高温环境能显著改变犬血液学部分指标,揭示临床上可通过改善血液质量的方法缓解急性短期高温环境对犬造成的危害。     

湘西黄牛青年牛妊娠前后常规血液生化指标分析

采集湘西黄牛保种区湘西黄牛青年母牛的血液样品,运用兽用全自动血液细胞分析仪进行检测。结果发现妊娠后红细胞压积(HCT)、中性粒细胞数目(Gran)及其百分比极显著降低(P<0.01),平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)、淋巴细胞数目(Lymph)及其百分比显著升高(P<0.05),单核细胞数目(Mon)及其百分比、血小板数目(PLT)显著降低(P<0.05),红细胞分布宽度变异系数(RDW)升高,但不显著(P>0.05)。试验结果表明妊娠后血容量明显增加,导致血液稀释引起红细胞、白细胞、血小板数目降低,而平均红细胞体积(MCV)降低导致的HCT显著降低和RDW升高可能由妊娠母体缺铁性贫血引起。     

"白鼻子病"貉血清、被毛微量元素铜、锌、铁、硒测定方法的建立及应用

貉"白鼻子"病是貉的一种新发疾病,多数学者认为其为营养代谢性疾病,发病可能和某些微量元素的缺乏有关,但现在没有得到证实.本研究在尝试建立用火焰原子吸收光谱法和荧光吸收光谱法测定貉血清、被毛中铜、锌、铁、硒的方法的基础上,测定了患"白鼻子"病貉及健康貉血清、被毛中铜、锌、铁、硒的含量."白鼻子"病貉血清铜、锌、铁、硒的含量分别为(592.78±110,37)μg/L、(2.019±0.177)mg/L、(28.410±2.826)mg/L、(166.771±38.661)ng/L,和正常貉相比((709.84±76.56)μg/L、(4.759±1.925)mg/L、(42.352±23.197)mg/L、(303.92±59.527)ng/L),其血清铜、锌、铁、硒含量降低且存在显著差异(P=0.002、P=0.00,P=0.0495、P=0.00)."白鼻子"病貉被毛铜、锌、铁、硒的含量分别为(17.66±3.61)μg/g、201.43μg/g、(227.59±143.279)μg/g、(797.429±384.43)ng/g,和正常貉相比((16.93±2.86)μg/g、(158.10±31.5)μg/g、(179.613±90.683)μg/g、(612.67±272.410)ng/g),其被毛锌、硒含量降低且存在显著差异(P=0.049 5,P=0.045),铜、铁含量降低但显著不差异(P=0.395,P=0.236).试验结果表明貉"白鼻子"病的发病和其铜、锌、铁、硒的代谢异常有关.     

两种抗凝剂对大熊猫血液生理指标的影响

目的:比较分析两种抗凝剂对大熊猫血液生理指标的影响。方法:将60只成年大熊猫,分别用EDTA.K2和肝素钠抗凝采血后,用麦道尼克(MEDONIC)CA620全自动血细胞分析仪(瑞典原装进口)测定血液生理指标。结果:使用不同的抗凝剂,同一样本的血液生理指标中:血小板数目(PLT)、平均血小板体积(MPV)、血小板压积(PCT)、大血小板数(LPCR)、中值细胞(MID)、中值细胞百分比(MID%)、淋巴细胞绝对值(LYM)、淋巴细胞绝对值百分比(LYM)%、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)和平均红细胞体积(MCV)10个指标差异极显著(P0.01)。结论:不同抗凝剂对大熊猫血小板和白细胞分类计数参数影响极显著,进行相关实验时应妥善选择血液抗凝方式。     

硒中毒对雏鹅血常规指标和血清酶的影响

为了研究硒中毒对雏鹅血常规指标和血清酶的影响,试验在基础日粮中按5 mg/kg添加亚硒酸钠,连续饲喂雏鹅42 d。结果表明:硒中毒时,雏鹅血清中红细胞数(RBC)、血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞压积(PCV)、血小板计数(PLT)减少,白细胞数(WBC)略有增多,且于试验后期呈显著或极显著差异(P0.05或P0.01),但对平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(MCH)、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)、平均红细胞体积(MCV)、平均血小板体积(MPV)、血小板压积(PCT)、血小板体积分布宽度(PDW)影响不大(P0.05);血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的含量明显减少(P0.05或P0.01),而丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)的含量或活性则明显增加(P0.05或P0.01)。     

人工感染豆状囊尾蚴后兔血液生理指标的测定

目的:为明确家兔感染豆状囊尾蚴后血液生理指标的变化。方法:收集人工感染豆状带绦虫犬排出的孕卵节片,虫卵计数并感染家兔,定期采血。利用动物血液分析仪测定其红细胞、白细胞等21项血液生理指标进行测定。结果:试验组和对照组相比较,血红蛋白浓度差异不显著;嗜酸性粒细胞百分比,嗜酸性粒细胞数量,嗜碱细胞百分比,嗜碱性粒细胞数量,单核细胞百分比,单核细胞数量,红细胞数量,红细胞压积差异显著;平均血小板体积和血小板分布宽度差异极显著。结论:研究结果为本病的诊断奠定了基础。     

山东省地方猪种及杜长大血常规性状的比较分析

遗传因素是决定动物血液生理生化指标的内在物质基础,不同品种猪之间在血细胞性状的差异,可能与中外不同猪种在代谢和免疫力方面差别存在一定联系。研究利用全自动血液细胞分析仪检测了6个山东地方猪种和1个杜长大(DLY)杂种猪共87头猪的19项血常规性状,对品种间的差别进行了多重比较分析。结果表明:红细胞性状和白细胞性状在不同品种间差异较大,红细胞总数(RBC)、红细胞血红蛋白(HGB)、红细胞压积(HCT)和红细胞体积分布宽度变异(RDW)4个红细胞性状,以及中性粒细胞数(GRAN)、中性粒细胞百分比(GPR)、淋巴细胞数(LYM)、淋巴细胞百分比(LPR)和中间值细胞百分比(MPR)5个白细胞性状的检测值在不同品种间存在显著或极显著差异;猪血小板各性状不同品种间差异较小,只有血小板体积分布宽度(PDW)性状在品种间差别均达到显著水平。引进猪种和地方猪种相比较,DLY在RBC、HGB、HCT和平均血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)4个红细胞性状,白细胞总数(WBC)、GRAN和GPR 3个白细胞性状,以及血小板总数(PLT)、血小板压积(PCT)和血小板体积分布宽度(PDW)3个血小板性状的检测值均低于山东地方猪种,其中有些达到了显著水平,这表明地方猪种在氧气运输、天然免疫等功能方面比引进猪种更为强大。研究为深入了解中外不同猪种的差异,挖掘我国地方猪的种质特性奠定基础。     

The influence of age and gender on haematological parameters in Lipizzan horses

Haematological parameters [red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentration, mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) and mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC)] in resting Lipizzan horses were determined for 143 stallions, 104 mares and 25 foals. The mean RBC and WBC values in Lipizzans were in the lower part of the normal range for warm-blooded horses. The mean PCV, MCV and MCH values were higher, but the mean haemoglobin concentration and MCHC values were lower than reported for other warm-blooded horses. In foals, the mean RBC, WBC, PCV, haemoglobin concentration and MCHC values were higher, whereas MCV and MCH were lower than in older animals. Results indicating a significant decrease in WBC (P < 0.01) and an increase in MCV, MCH and MCHC (P < 0.05) with increasing age are consistent with some other reports on warm-blooded horses. The age-related variations in RBC and PCV were less marked. Contrary to some reports, RBC (P < 0.01), WBC and haemoglobin concentration (P < 0.001) were higher in Lipizzan stallions than in mares, but differences in MCHC, MCH and MCV were insignificant. The specific haematological values determined in Lipizzans are presumably a result of selection and should be taken into consideration when dealing with this race of horses.     

Effects of food and water withdrawal and high temperature exposure on diurnal variation in blood viscosity of broiler chickens

1. Three experiments were conducted to investigate the diurnal variation of blood viscosity in broilers. In experiment 1 food and water were supplied freely at 20C (20-FW). In experiment 2 food and water were withdrawn at 20C (20-NFW), while in experiment 3 food and water were withdrawn at 30C (30-NFW). 2. Blood sampling time points were 09.00 h, 15.00 h, 21.00 h, 03.00 h and 09.00 h the next day in each experiment. 3. In all experiments, whole blood viscosity (WBV), red blood cell count (RBC) and haematocrit (HCT) were greater during the dark (21.00 h and 03.00 h) than during the light period. During the dark period, there were no differences in WBV, RBC and HCT between 20-FW and 20-NFW, or between 20-NFW and 30-NFW. At 09.00 h, WBV and HCT were higher in 20-FW than in 20-NFW. At 15.00 h and 09.00 h (day 2), WBV and HCT were greater in 20-NFW than in 30-NFW. 4. There were no light-dark differences in plasma viscosity (PV), plasma protein concentration (PPC) or mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in any experiment. However, 20-NFW birds had a lower PPC and higher MCV compared with 20-FW, and a higher PPC and lower MCV compared with 30-NFW, while no difference was found in PV. 5. WBV increased linearly with RBC and HCT. PV increased with PPC, while MCV decreased. 6. These results indicate that there is diurnal variation in whole blood viscosity, which is greater during the dark than during the light period. During the light period it is strongly influenced by high environmental temperature and food and water withdrawal. C     

Hematologic and biochemical abnormalities indicating iron deficiency are associated with decreased reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr) and reticulocyte volume (rMCV) in dogs

BACKGROUND: The ADVIA 120 automated hematology system uses low- and high-angle light scatter to determine individual RBC and reticulocyte volume and hemoglobin (Hgb) concentration. Current hematologic and biochemical markers of iron status in the dog are insensitive, and results may be highly variable, especially in the presence of concurrent disease (ie, inflammation, neoplasia). Reticulocyte Hgb content (CHr) has proven useful in detecting early iron deficiency and iron deficiency masked by concurrent disease in human patients. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively investigate the association of low CHr and reticulocyte MCV (rMCV) with hematologic and biochemical abnormalities indicative of iron deficiency in canine patients. METHODS: Reference intervals for CHr and rMCV were established on a population of 362 hematologically-normal dogs using standard methods. CBC and serum biochemical results from 833 dogs at Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital were retrospectively evaluated. The prevalence of decreased CHr and rMCV values was determined based on the reference intervals. Hematologic (HCT, MCV) and biochemical (serum Fe concentration, percent saturation of transferrin [% sat]) values were compared among dogs with low CHr (n=58), low rMCV (n=50), and control dogs (cohort groups from the initial population) using a Fisher exact test. RESULTS: Reference intervals were 22.3-27.9 pg for CHr and 77.8-100.2 fL for rMCV. Seven percent (n=58) of dogs in the hospital population had low CHr and 6% (n=50) had low rMCV based on the reference values. Dogs with low CHr had significantly lower HCT, MCV, serum Fe, and % sat values than did control dogs. In addition, dogs with low CHr or low rMCV values had a higher frequency of microcytosis, anemia, low serum Fe concentration, and low % sat than did control dogs. CONCLUSION: Low CHr and low rMCV are associated with hematologic and serum biochemical abnormalities indicative of iron deficiency. CHr and rMCV hold promise as noninvasive, cost-effective measures of iron status in the dog.     

Effects of parenteral supply of iron and copper on hematology, weight gain, and health in neonatal dairy calves

The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of parenteral administration of iron and copper on hematological parameters, weight gain, and health of neonatal dairy calves in the period when iron and copper deficiency could be existed. Twenty-four Holstein calves were used for the experiment and randomly assigned to four different treatments. Treatments consisted of (1) control (no injections of Fe and Cu), (2) test 1 (1000 mg Fe as fe-dextran was injected to each calf at day 2 of age), (3) test 2 (160 mg Cu as methionine-copper complex was injected to each calf at day 14 of age), and (4) test 3 (Fe and Cu were injected to each calf as mentioned previously). Blood samples were collected from all of the calves within 24-48 hours after birth and at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of age for measuring hematological parameters and within 24-48 hours after birth and at 14, 21 and 28 days of age for the determination of iron, copper, TIBC concentrations, and AST activity. Anti-coagulated blood was analyzed shortly after collection for: number of red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), heamatocrit (HCT), total leukocyte count (WBC), Platelet (Plt), MCH, MCV, MCHC, and differential leukocyte counts. The amounts of iron, copper, TIBC, and AST were measured in serum. Group had significant effects on the amounts of HCT, RBC, hemoglobin, MCV, neutrophil, weekly weight gain, and daily gain during each week (p < 0.05). Sampling time had significant effects on the amounts of RBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC, WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, platelet, fibrinogen, copper, TIBC, AST, weight, weekly gain and, daily gain during each week (p < 0.05). significant interactions between sampling time and group were seen for HCT, RBC, hemoglobin, MCV, platelet, total protein, fibrinogen, iron, and TIBC (p < 0.05). Improved RBC parameters and MCV were seen in calves of group 4 (test 3) in comparing with control group. Total and daily gains were also significantly improved in test groups in comparing with control group (p < 0.05). No significant difference was seen for the days of treatment between groups.     

Artifactual effects of hypernatremia and hyponatremia on red cell analytes measured by the Bayer H*1 analyzer

Hypernatremia in two cats and hyponatremia in a dog were associated with artifactual changes in red blood cell (RBC) indices and hematocrit (HCT) determined on a Bayer H*1 hematology analyzer. The RBC cytograms and histograms revealed a population shifted towards macrocytic, hypochromic RBC in the hypernatremic cats, and towards microcytic, hyperchromic RBC in the hyponatremic dog. Reference intervals for the difference between manual packed cell volume (PCV) and analyzer-derived HCT in normonatremic dogs, cats and horses were established. The difference between PCT and HCT was outside the reference values for all three patients. Quality control measures, such as measuring PCV, and reviewing cytograms and histograms are essential for detecting spurious changes in automated hematology measurements caused by abnormalities in serum sodium concentration and osmolality.     

Dogkeeping practices as reported by readers of an Australian dog enthusiast magazine

OBJECTIVE: To characterise Australian domestic dogkeeping practices relevant to canine health and welfare. PROCEDURE: A quantitative questionnaire was distributed nationally through Dog's Life magazine. Data on management practices, household and dog demographics from 690 Australian dogs in 485 self-selected respondent households were analysed using ordinal and binary regression. RESULTS: Several variables, relating to dog, owner and environment were associated with management practices. The size of the dog correlated positively with being fed outdoors (P < 0.001), gameplaying (P = 0.016) and being trained (P = 0.001) and negatively with time spent indoors (P < 0.001). Neutered dogs were more likely to be walked every day (P = 0.027) and have had prior treatment for unwelcome behaviours (P < 0.001) but less likely to be fed outdoors (P < 0.013). The number of children in the household correlated with the dog being fed outdoors (P < 0.001). The number of adult female humans in the household correlated with dog being neutered (P < 0.001) whereas the reverse was linked to number of adult male humans in the household (P < 0.013). Larger numbers of adult female humans in the household were associated with a higher incidence of prior treatment for unwelcome behaviours (P = 0.020). The number of dogs in the household correlated negatively with dogs being walked every day (P < 0.004) and gameplaying (P = 0.001). Pure bred dogs were more likely to have attended puppy preschool than cross breeds (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Reference to previous studies of Australian dog owners suggests that the current data are representative in terms of location of households, sex and age of dogs, however, the proportion of pure bred dogs in the current survey was surprisingly high. This was perhaps because respondents were from a particular sector of the Australian dog-owning population. It must be acknowledged that Dog's Life magazine readers may be atypical of Australian dog owners, nevertheless, the study demonstrates that variables relating to the dog, owner or environment can be used to characterise management styles.     

Diagnosis and Therapy on Renal Failure Caused by Canine Leptospira

To determine the pathogen and related symptoms caused by renal failure,and to provide a reasonable diagnosis and treatment plan,a case of disease on Welsh Corgi dog was tested by the method of symptoms,blood routine examination,blood biochemical test,blood gas analysis and identification of pathogen.The results showed that these data of W-SCR,W-MID,MID and RDW-CV rose than normal reference index in blood routine examination before the hospitalization,respectively.Meanwhile,data of W-LCR,PCV,MCV,MCH and RDW-SD had reduced separately.These data of Ca²⁺,GLU,BUN,PHOS,AMYL and CRE were up than normal reference index in blood biochemical test,respectively.These data of GLU,BUN and K⁺ had risen respectively,nevertheless,these data of Na⁺,Cl^- and PCO₂ had lowered separately.The result was positive by the antigen testing with the Leptospira detector plate.After treatment with synthetical therapy,WBC and SCR had risen than normal references index,and data of RBC,HGB and PLT were down respectively.By the Hotelling T² analysis of the difference between before and after the therapy on blood routine index,it was significant difference in the multivariate test (F=1 905 045.32,P=0.001).These data of WBC,W-LCR,SCR,MID,HGB,PCV,MCV and RDW-SD were extremely significant differences in single variable analysis (P<0.01),and other data with significant differences were W-MID,RBC,MCH and PDW(P<0.05).But,in blood biochemical test,most of data were in normal reference values.The mental state of sick dog was recovering gradually normal than before.Multivariate test was no significant difference by the Hotelling T² analysis (F=85.21,P=0.081),but other data of GLU,BUN,PHOS,AMYL and CRE were extremely significantly different in single variable analysis (P<0.01).These data of GLU,BUN and K⁺ were up than after therapy in blood gas analysis,and data of Na⁺,Cl^- and PCO₂ reduced respectively.There were extremely significant differences in the multivariate test (F=7 978.48,P=0.008).These data with extremely significant differences were GLU and BUN in single variable analysis(P<0.01).The sick dog was recovering normal after treatment,and mental state went back to normal after 7 days therapy using the drugs of diuretics,antibiotics,rehydration electrolyte,energy medicine,vitamins and CoA.It should be noted that the part of high index of reexamination was a normal manifestation when the body was recovering to normal functioning.The method of synthetical fluid therapy was provided the correctness to treat the renal failure caused by canine Leptospira.     

钩端螺旋体引起犬肾功能衰竭的诊断与治疗

为判定肾功能衰竭病原及引起的相关症状，并提供合理的诊治方案，本研究对一例柯基病犬进行表征、血常规、血液生化、血气及病原进行检测。结果显示，与正常参考值相比，病犬前期血常规检测中淋巴细胞比例（W-SCR）、中间细胞比例（W-MID）、中间细胞（MID）及红细胞分布宽度（RDW-CV）升高；粒细胞比例（W-LCR）、红细胞压积（PCV）、红细胞平均体积（MCV）、血红蛋白含量（MCH）、红细胞分布宽度（RDW-SD）明显降低。与正常参考值相比，生化指标中钙离子（Ca²⁺）、血糖（GLU）、尿素氮（BUN）、血磷（PHOS）、胰淀粉酶（AMYL）及肌酐（CRE）明显升高。血气指标中GLU、BUN、钾离子（K⁺）均比参考值高；钠离子（Na⁺）、氯离子（Cl^-）、二氧化碳分压（PCO₂）比参考值降低。犬钩端螺旋体抗原检测板检测结果为阳性。治疗后血常规中白细胞总数（WBC）、淋巴细胞（SCR）比正常参考值明显升高；红细胞总数（RBC）、血红蛋白（HGB）及血小板总数（PLT）则比参考值降低。经Hotelling T²对治疗前后各指标进行多变量分析，结果F=1 905 045.32，P=0.001，差异极显著；单变量检测指标中WBC、W-LCR、SCR、MID、HGB、PCV、MCV、RDW-SD差异极显著（P<0.01），W-MID、RBC、MCH及血小板分布宽度（PDW）差异显著（P<0.05）。治疗后生化检测指标中，与正常参考值相比，多数指标在正常值范围内。治疗后期病犬精神好转，经Hotelling T²与治疗前差异性分析，多变量F=85.21，P=0.081，差异不显著；单变量检验指标GLU、BUN、PHOS、AMYL及CRE差异极显著（P<0.01）。治疗后期血气指标中GLU、BUN、K⁺均比参考值高；Na⁺、Cl^-及PCO₂比参考值低，对治疗前后血气指标进行Hotelling T²差异性分析，多变量检验结果F=7 978.48，P=0.008，差异极显著；单变量检验结果中，GLU和BUN差异极显著（P<0.01）。治疗方案中，采用利尿、抗生素药物，附加补充电解质、能量、维生素及CoA等综合输液治疗，7 d后，病犬精神好转，机体机能基本恢复正常，转归期部分指标的升高属于机体机能恢复健康的一种正常体现。说明治疗方案正确，综合体液疗法是治疗该病引起肾功能衰竭有效的方法。     

The effect of exogenous proteases on selected hematological and serum biochemical parameters in boars

The increasing interest in enzymatic growth promoters prompted this investigation of the effect of an enzymatic stimulating complex on selected hematological and serum biochemical parameters in boars. The enzymatic complex [five proteases (proteinases-endopeptidases) and two peptidases (exopeptidases) obtained by fermentation from Streptomyces fradiae] was added to diets for three months, at initial doses of 90 (group E1) and 120 (group E2) g/ton feed for the first seven days followed by 40 and 60 g/ton, respectively, in the subsequent weeks. The evaluation was based on selected hematological (RBC, WBC, HCT (Ht), HGB (Hb), MCV, MCH, and MCHC) and biochemical (AST, ALT, AP, Ca, Mg, urea, cholesterol, creatinine, inorganic phosphorus, and oxyglucose) parameters determined before and after the experimental period. The reported values were within physiological norms. Statistical differences were found between experimental groups with respect to WBC, HCT (Ht), MCV, MCH, AP, Ca, Mg, creatinine, and inorganic phosphorus. The study results indicate that the complex of proteolytic enzymes administered to boars caused no negative changes in their metabolic profiles. The statistically different hematological and serum biochemical parameters, while within normal limits, point to an early stage of microcytic anemia and heightened agitation that could be the result of intensified nitrogen metabolism.     

貉早期胚胎发育内环境的研究

为研究貉早期胚胎发育体内微环境变化,试验选用年龄相同、体重相似的成年健康母貉23只,在繁殖季节自然交配,并受配1～2次,以第1次交配为零点开始计时,分别于初配后29～99h(n=7)、100～126h(n=7)、169～268h(n=9)随机处死貉,用免疫组化、透射及扫描电镜的方法研究貉早期胚胎发育过程中输卵管和子宫的形态学和超微结构变化;用X射线能谱技术对貉输卵管液和子宫液中的钾、钙、铁、锌等9种元素进行测定。结果显示:①随着貉早期胚胎的发育,其后期输卵管长度、黏膜厚度、皱襞高度和上皮高度均显著减小(P<0.05),输卵管直径有所降低,但差异不显著(P>0.05);子宫黏膜厚度、皱襞高度及子宫腺密度均显著增加(P<0.05),子宫的直径和长度有所增加,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。②随着貉早期胚胎的发育,貉子宫黏膜上皮微绒毛、脂滴和溶酶体含量增多。③随着貉早期胚胎的发育,其后期输卵管液中硫、钙、铁、铜和锌元素含量均显著升高(P<0.05),磷含量显著降低(P<0.05),而钾、氯和钠含量呈波动性变化;子宫液中硫、氯、钾的相对含量逐渐降低(P>0.05),锌的相对含量显著降低(P<0.05),磷、钙、铁和铜的含量呈波动性变化。本试验初步揭示了貉早期胚胎发育内环境的变化,为貉胚胎体外培养体系的建立提供参考。