压铸企业精益生产模式导入研究

针时压铸企业实施精益生产需求的现状及宜安科技股份有限公司的生产状况及实施精益生产的要求,提出了意识引导、培训先行、确立组织、精心计划、现场改善、稳固基础、循序渐进、制度保障、持续改善等实施步骤,为企业成功、有效实施精益生产提供参考.     

电脑主板生产车间现场分析与改善

生产现场是制造企业利润的源泉,研究生产现场具有重要意义。以某企业电脑主板生产车间为研究对象,从生产线平衡和现场管理两大方面对生产现场进行分析,利用作业测定和工作研究中的"5W1H"提问法和"ECRS"原则对问题工位进行合并,提高产线平衡率;通过实施5S、目视管理和定置管理,对生产现场进行改善,取得很好的效果。     

基于精益生产的电子信息制造业的绩效评价指标体系构建

精益生产绩效评价对于电子信息制造业深入推广精益生产具有重要作用,而一套完善的绩效评价指标体系是绩效评价系统的核心。为了建立科学实用的电子信息制造业精益生产的绩效评价指标体系,本文对精益生产绩效评价的国内外研究现状和模型的分类进行分析,总结其存在的不足,在此基础上提出了战略地图——关键绩效指标绩效评价模型,并将这一模型建立流程成功应用于DG公司,对推行精益生产的电子信息制造业起到指导与借鉴意义。     

应用GIS技术建立生物防火林带信息管理系统的研究

在“安徽省生物防火工程体系建设及综合效益研究”各子课题的研究成果基础上,运用地理信息系统(GIS)、管理科学、人工智能、软件工程等领域的理论方法,研究基于GIS的生物防火林带信息管理系统。以安徽省青阳县全国生物防火林带建设试点单位为示范区,建立森林防火地理信息数据库,并在此基础上研究运用地理信息系统的三维数字地面分析功能和空间分析功能对生物防火林带营造进行优化的方法。应用ARC/INFO、ARCVIEW地理信息系统软件为平台,开发基于GIS的生物防火林带信息管理系统的原型软件,集收集管理、辅助决策支持和办公自动化于一身,初步具备了生物防火林带营造优化决策、管理、综合效益评估等功能。     

可视化木家具生产车间全程监控系统的构建

在分析我国木家具制造车间的监控和管理现状的基础上,提出了基于可视化木家具生产车间监控系统的基本架构——多点信息采集系统、数据处理和调度系统、企业监控管理中心系统和现场信息反馈系统及相关的辅助设施,探讨了基本架构的功能特点,并从基本流程、信息采集、信息处理与调度、信息反馈等方面详细介绍了基于可视化木家具生产车间全程监控系统的监控过程与方法.在此基础上,总结了可视化监控系统在家具生产过程中的应用特点.该系统可为木家具生产机加工车间提供一个具有快速反应、有弹性、精细化特点的制造环境.     

家具企业实施6S现场管理方法探讨

对6S现场管理六要素及其之间的关系进行概述,分析了家具企业实施6S现场管理存在的主要问题;提出家具企业实施6S现场管理必须全员参与,有序进行;简述了目视管理、定置管理等现场管理措施;认为在实施过程中对各重点难点进行PDCA循环改善,可以确保现场管理改善的持续进行,从而达到减少浪费、提高生产效率和产品质量、提升企业形象的目的。     

电力安全生产管理应引入和应用安全行为科学理论

对电力安全生产管理中引入和应用安全行为科学理论的必要性和重要性进行了探讨,对安全行为科学理论在电力安全生产管理中的应用进行了分析,结合国家"十一.五"规划对安全生产工作的要求,提出了应在电力安全生产管理中引入和应用安全行为科学理论。     

基于价值流视域下的AIP公司生产流程改善研究

以提高企业运作效率为核心,选取AIP公司轮胎生产线的优化作为案例进行研究。①通过绘制现状价值流图,达到生产线的现状可视化,分析工艺布局与物流和信息流的活动,找出当前生产模式中存在的增值与非增值环节;②运用精益思想和工业工程的方法,对生产流程进行分析与改善,引入看板拉动式和连续式生产等方法,以节拍平衡方式进行生产,压缩非增值时间、消除信息阻碍、减少作业人员和在制品库存等,使生产周期及产能得到有效改善;③采取工序重组、流程优化等改善手段,对生产流程进行精简,并将绘制未来价值流图作为重点改善方向,从而实现生产线的再设计;④通过价值流图的前后对比发现：企业的产能、设备利用率及生产周期改善显著,在提高产品质量的同时有效地降低了生产成本。实践证明,价值流图分析技术是提高企业生产效率的有效方法,是企业实施精益生产的有力工具,值得广大企业借鉴与推广。     

面向生态文明的森林文化体系三维重构——内涵层次、活动领域和文明过程

文中通过文献分析梳理我国关于生态文明与森林文化及其体系间关系的已有研究,发现现有森林文化体系未能适应新时代生态文明阶段的客观需求,运用比较分析法对现有森林文化体系进行对比分析,据此进一步归纳出现有森林文化体系的缺陷;基于三维管理金字塔理论重构面向生态文明的森林文化体系,形成森林文化“内涵层次—活动领域—文明过程”三维体系,分析各维度的递进规律;提出在生态文明阶段应着力构建更能适应生态文明时期的森林文化内容,从而促进生态文明建设。     

预先危险性分析法在化工生产中的应用

通过预先危险性分析,找出了各生产工序中的作业风险,并选用预先危险性分析法对各工序存在的作业风险进行了安全评价,得出了各种风险的危险等级,并提出了相应的安全对策[1-3]。评价结果为企业生产工艺企业的风险控制和现场安全管理提供了科学依据。     

居住小区架空层园林绿化景观的营造

简述了居住小区架空层的作用及景观特点,分析了其现状及存在问题,探讨了居住小区架空层绿化设计的原则、植物的选择、植物配置、绿化与其它景观要素的配置等。     

结合陕西林业生态环境建设谈森林的分类经营

以森林分类经营理论为基础,通过对陕西自然、经济、社会和森林资源状况的分析,制定了陕西林业生态环境建设经营区划的原则、依据、分类系统、标准和方法,将陕西划分为５个林业生态环境建设经营区,并对各区提出了相应的林业建设发展方向、经营管理方法和适宜造林的树种和草种。     

Development of an Ideotype-Based Selection Tool for Native Tropical Tree Breeding by Smallholder Planters in Mexico’s Maya Forest

Tree planters of the Yucatan peninsula in México are mostly first-generation small-scale forest owners. As a consequence of the lack of a management plan, trees employed for plantations are currently produced without any traceability or genetic improvement protocol, resulting in the reduced quality and heterogeneity of established materials. Recently, the Mexican government published a law to force planters to reverse this situation through the initiation and operation of germplasm management and traceability programs within each physiographic sub-province. Thus, planters located in the “Campeche Karts sub-provenance” now need to select superior trees for plant production, provenance assays, and orchard establishment. As a reference for the improvement goals in this work, we developed a model ideotype tree and qualification tool based on a weight-free selection index to compare trees in established plantations to enable the effective selection of superior trees to be used as seed sources and as a starting population for genetic improvement programs. The tool presented here is easy to use by planters, requiring a very basic computer or smartphone to run a spreadsheet where simple morphometric evaluation are captured, trees are qualified in comparison to the ideotypic values of each parameter with the aid of common field equipment. When this tool was applied to individuals from two different plantations, the qualification methodology ranked the individuals, allowing for the selection of superior trees in a more robust way, in contrast to the use of parameters mostly based on price and driven by wood volume.     

国内外森林景观的定量评价和经营技术研究现状

系统地介绍了国内外对森林景观的定量评价方法,把它们归纳为描述因子法、调查问卷法和审美态度测定法3种,并分析了各种方法的优缺点.之后,介绍了国内外对以提高风景游憩价值为目标的森林景观的经营技术研究现状,同时提出了各自存在的问题.     

人工林地力衰退研究现状与进展

介绍了国内外人工林地力衰退的历史背景和现状,从人工林群落结构、土壤微生物种群区系、土壤理化性质和生化特性,栽培措施等方面分析了导致人工林地力衰退的原因,提出了调整林分结构,保护林下植被、混交,林地施肥和土壤改良、科学营林等措施防止地力衰退;概述了人工林地力衰退的研究进展和今后研究方向。     

Development and evaluation of local communities incentive programs for improving the traditional forest management: A case study of Northern Zagros forests,Iran

We examined the local community incentive programs to improve traditional forest management in three forested villages in Baneh city, Kurdistan province in the northern Zagros forests of western Iran. Zagros forests cover 6.07 million ha and support rich plant and animal diversity. Changes in local community social and economic sys-tems and the inefficiency of traditional forest management led to a criti-cal situation in the stability of forest regeneration in recent decades. Due to a shortage of productive and arable lands and resulting unemployment and poverty, people overexploited the Zagros forests. Outside interven-tion in traditional forest management creates conflicts between local peoples and forest management organizations. To achieve sustainable forest management, including forest resources conservation and im-provement of natural resource based livelihoods of communities, it is desirable to implement Forestry Incentive Programs （FIP） based on the important functions of forests. Detailed information on the so-cio-economics of communities, the effect of forests on local livelihoods, and lists of products extracted from the forest were obtained from a sur-vey of local communities though questionnaire, interview and observa-tion. We studied 276 households in three villages and completed 76 ques-tionnaires by householders in the quantitative analysis. Sampling was performed by simple random sampling （SRS）. The needs of rural com-munities, such as livestock husbandry, mainly arise from the characteris-tics and environmental features of villages. We identified the driving forces, pressures, status, impacts and responses （DPSIR） to design incen-tive programs, by DPSIR analysis and interaction analysis. Evaluation of local community benefits from forests showed that in order to improve forest management, 319 dollars per year would be needed by each family as an incentive in 2010 to prevent lopping and firewood collecting, the main causes of forest degradation.     

新疆森林资源档案管理工作的探讨

介绍了国内森林资源档案管理研究现状,阐述了新疆自治区森林资源档案管理的基本情况,指出了新疆森林资源档案管理存在的问题,同时,针对其存在的问题,对今后工作的开展提出了对策建议。     

大凌河不同空间尺度下河流湿地治理模式

本文介绍了大凌河自然概况,并从微观(植物群系-群落-生态系统构建)、中观(湿地公园生境恢复)以及宏观(大凌河流域)三种尺度研究分析湿地退化原因及过程。提出坚持自然恢复与人工修复相结合的方式对功能退化的河流湿地进行修复和综合整治,逐步恢复湿地生境,进而恢复湿地生态功能。     

防霉抗菌软木地板的制备与性能研究

为了制备具有防霉抗菌功能的环保型软木地板，在水性涂料面漆中加入纳米银抗菌剂和二氧化钛载银抗菌剂，分析抗菌剂类型和添加量对地板性能的影响。结果表明：抗菌剂的加入对软木地板的物理性能无明显影响，但可以有效提高其抗菌性能，且对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果显著优于大肠杆菌；软木本身具有一定的防霉作用，纳米银抗菌剂和二氧化钛载银抗菌剂防霉作用较弱，可通过加入少量防霉剂提高软木地板防霉性。     

Predicting timber harvests from private forests—a utility maximisation approach

Forest owners’ values and the ownership structure of forest are changing continuously. One probable consequence of the current trends in Finland is that the significance of forest-related income will decrease, which may have a significant impact on the round wood supply. This study developed and demonstrated a new method, which allows policy makers to make forecasts on the future timber supply. The method is based on the assumed temporal changes in the distributions of the importance of different forest management goals. The distributions are converted into utility functions, generated separately for each forest holding. The utility functions are maximised, using heuristics, to obtain the optimal forest management plans for the holdings. The regional cutting budget is calculated by summing the removals of the optimal treatment schedules of stands over the whole area. The method was demonstrated by assuming four different scenarios for the forest management goals, in which the importance of net income from realised cuttings decreased by 0%, 25%, 50% or 100% in 60 years. The decrease was compensated for by an increased importance of the other goals, namely economic security, recreation, and nature values. The calculations were made with three different methods. Methods 1 and 2 derived the optimal plans directly for the whole 60-year period while Method 3 developed three consecutive 20-year plans. Method 2 assumed that the holding is sold or inherited once in 20 years with an abrupt change in the management goals. In Methods 1 and 3 the goals changed only gradually. The results were logical, indicating that the more the importance of net income decreases the lower the future timber supply will be.