粳稻水分对低温烘干效益的影响试验

通过对不同水分的晚粳稻进行低温烘干试验,得到不同水分的晚粳稻烘干时间与经济效益数据.结果表明:当烘前水分18.5％的粮食烘干到16.5％时,所需烘干时间为4h,平均每吨粮食的总费用为33.68元/t.当烘前水分为26.7％的粮食烘干到16.5％时,所需烘干时间为11 h,平均每吨粮食的总费用73.61元.烘前水分为31.5％的粮食烘干到16.5％时,所需烘干时间为14 h,平均每吨粮食的总费用90.30元.此试验结果数据可为实际粮食收购、烘干作业提供参考依据.     

层次分析法在粮食烘干设备评价体系中的应用

将层次分析法运用到粮食烘干设备的综合评价体系当中,具体阐述了利用层次分析法对连续式粮食烘干设备进行综合评价的全过程,建立了连续式粮食烘干设备的综合评价递阶层次结构指标体系,采用专家评分的方式构造了连续式粮食烘干设备综合评价体系的判断矩阵,计算了层次单排序、层次总排序值,并进行了一致性检验.     

粮食烘干水分智能控制系统的应用与问题解决方案

传统的烘干技术,粮食烘干过程中水分很难准确控制,人工调节设备,存在控制滞后、调节不准确、人员劳动量大等问题,烘出的粮食水分波动较大。中央储备粮哈尔滨直属库的烘干机引进安装了DM510E粮食烘干水分智能控制系统,经过一个烘     

湖南省种粮大户粮食收储现状调查

通过问卷调查与实地调查相结合的方式,在环洞庭湖平原和衡枣盆地两大产粮区,随机选择57户种粮大户,调查其粮食烘干、清理、存储设施配置现状、建设意愿以及产后损失主要成因与程度等。调查结果表明,生产型种粮大户粮食存储设备、清理设备配置率均为0,烘干机配置率为14.6%;加工型种粮大户粮食存储设施和烘干系统配置率为100%,清理设备配置率为37.5%。无烘干设备的种粮大户粮食产后损失率达到7.27%,远高于有烘干设备的产粮大户,其损失主要因素为霉变和发芽。     

高大平房仓玉米烘干入库机械通风降温降水应用试验

粮食温度和水分是确定粮食储存是否安全的主要因素。为了探讨玉米烘干入库适合的温度和水分,我库开展了烘干入库玉米机械通风降温、降水实仓试验,并取得了较好的试验效果。     

粮食致癌烃的污染与直接烘干时燃料种类的关系

大家知道,直接烟气烘干粮食能够引起不同浓度的粮食污染,从而使烘干过的粮食带有致癌作用的多环芳香烃。由于(间接烘干的)热交换度低,从经济上讲,直接烘干远比间接烘干为优越,因此,对于燃料对烘干过的粮中多环芳香物合量的影响进行试验,就有很大兴趣,以便能选用在经济上较为有利的直接烘干法,使日益增多的粮食具有尽可能低微的致癌烃。魏·福立特茨(W·FRitz)试验,直接法烘干的粮食中多环芳香物含量与燃料种类的关系。我们还要感谢魏福立特茨在食品中致癌烃含量方面作了很多试验。     

大型粮食烘干机工艺技术特点及经济技术性能优势

从大型粮食烘干机的生产能力、工艺设计配置、结构特点、自动化程度、热风炉尾气和烘干废气处理、余热的回收利用、投资成本、烘干作业成本等方面,叙述了大型粮食烘干机的工艺技术特点及经济技术性能优势,以期为粮食烘干机的设计及实地作业提供理论与技术支撑。     

浅谈推广粮食烘干机对粮食增产的作用

过去山西省农村多以分散种植为主,粮食干燥全部由人工自然晾晒完成,随着种粮大户和农业合作组织的不断涌现,先进适用、价格合理的小型烘干设备必定会迅速推广。通过阐述粮食产地机械化烘干技术及粮食烘干机的结构、功能,进一步说明推广粮食烘干机对农业减损增收、促进农机化发展、间接带动农业增产增收的主要作用。     

粮食烘干机系统的常见故障分析及处理方法

我国地域广阔，粮食的收获季节从南到北有很大差别，由于南方气候潮湿，而北方气温较低，粮食收获后不能自然干燥，需要烘干。国家粮食主管部门对粮食烘干一直非常重视，近20年来投资兴建了大量的烘干设备，这些设备绝大部分为塔式烘干机，其最基本配置为：一台有换热器的燃煤热风炉、一台塔式干燥机、一台斗式提升机、一台塔下出粮皮带机和必要的清理设备及电控设备，     

湖北省粮食烘干技术应用讨论会和第三次机械通风储粮技术协作会分别在天门和荆门市召开

为促进湖北省粮食烘干工作,更好地发挥现有烘干机的作用,省局储运处于一九八八年十月十九日至十月二十二日在天门市召开了全省粮食烘干技术应用讨论会,会议由湖北省粮食局储运处付处长云昌杰同志主持,省局副局长吴明志同志作了总结发言.会议特邀商业部郑州粮科所高级工程师张孟浩到会指导.这次会议总结了四年来烘干机的发展情况,交流了全省粮食烘干技术应用的经验,找出了当前在烘干设施建设和使用管理中存在的问题,研究讨论了进一步做好烘干工作的意见.湖北省现有烘干车间90座,小型移动式烘干机100台,在近两年处理高水分粮     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.