南方草食动物生产预测模型——以湖南道县为例

为促使中国南方拥有合理的载畜量和保证其生态系统的良性循环,以湖南道县为南方养殖典型区示例,系统分析南方饲草资源的种类,及其总量计算的方法,探讨南方草食动物发展的潜力,并在此基础上建立草畜平衡的预测模型,并以道县为例对模型进行了验证,同时介绍了该模型的组成和使用情况及其不足。养殖户只需输入一些基本信息,该模型就会以图示方式直观地指导用户进行畜牧生产活动。同时,通过该模型的预测,可以了解南方畜牧业的发展潜力,使畜牧区拥有合理的载畜量,从而使草畜之间达到相对动态平衡。该预测模型的建立对南方畜牧业的发展有着重要的指导意义。     

达州草食动物发展分析

正随着人民消费理念的变化和对牛羊肉营养价值的认识,牛羊肉市场需求量日益增加。草食动物蛋白质含量高,脂肪和胆固醇含量低,钙、磷、铁等矿物质明显高于猪肉、鸡肉,具有鲜嫩多汁、味道美、容易消化的特点,受到广大消费者的青睐。牛、羊以草食为主,很少食用饲料添加剂和生物激素,兽药残留和激素残留的风险极低,是理想的绿色动物蛋白来源,是符合现代消费观念的安全食品。     

改良草地发展草食动物

一、基本情况: 广东省东方示范牧场是广东省人民政府与澳大利亚新南威尔士州政府进行技术交流项目的友谊牧场。它位于海南岛的西边离东方县城(八所)18公里,高坡岭水库一侧。东方牧场属于沿海台地,海拔20～60米,坡度3～10°,地势比较平坦,土地面积为38,000亩,     

漳州发展草食动物举措

正据畜牧统计,2015年,福建省漳州市肉牛年出栏6.4万头,同比上涨12.8%;肉羊年出栏3.4万头,同比上涨16.85%;兔年出栏91.58万头,同比上涨57.78%。但是,漳州市草食动物发展仍然面临着诸多问题。一、问题与制约因素1.母畜存栏增长缓慢,产业发展基础亟待加强。2015年,漳州市能繁母牛存栏46300头、能繁母羊存栏11250头,由于受市场价格、人工成本、放养山地等因素影响,闽南黄     

龙海市草食动物发展对策

龙海市位于厦门经济区圈内,地处福建省东南部九龙江下游入海口,是闽南厦漳泉经济开放县市之一。龙海现有耕地面积2.8万公顷,山地6.87万公顷,浅海滩涂7330公顷,具有发展草食型畜牧业的良好条件。调整生产结构,笔者认为,应坚持“稳定发展瘦肉型生猪、蛋鸭、肉鸭生产,突出发展草食型、节粮型畜禽”的方针,重点加快发展牛、羊、鹅、兔等草食动物,扩大奶牛饲养规模,确保农民增收。1龙海市畜牧业生产现状2002年全市生猪存栏21.36万头、出栏36.5万头,肉鸭存栏279万羽、出栏530万羽,蛋鸭存栏84.07万羽、蛋产量1.57万t,鸡存栏126万羽、出栏228万羽,牛…     

道县节约和集约利用土地潜力及措施分析

土地的节约和集约对衡量土地的潜力起着很重要的作用,道县的土地利用情况的分析涉及很多方面的资料,既要了解道县的整体用地情况,又要独立分析城市和农村的土地现状,并且要采取科学的措施来提高该县的土地潜力。     

践行科学发展观 道县柑桔换新颜——湖南道县柑桔产业发展经验总结

道县位于湖南省的南部,南岭山脉南侧,西与广西全州、灌阳接壤,南距广州300 km.属中亚热带湿润季风气候区,气候温和.冬无严寒夏无酷暑,雨量充沛,年平均气温18.5℃,无霜期284～348天;年日照时数1 569.9小时,年平均降水量1 506.7 mm,极端低温-4-7 ℃.     

新宁县草食动物发展的思考

随着社会的发展,畜牧业已经不再像从前一样落后,在如今已经得到了很大的发展。2004年新宁县被列入湖南省草食动物生产重点县。那么如何将草食动物养殖地更好,如何更加快速的发展新宁县畜牧业,这是畜牧兽医工作者需要思考的问题。     

宁夏固原市草畜产业发展运行机制探讨

草畜业生产方式的转变,是一项系统工程,具有复杂性和前瞻性,涉及到农、林等相关行业,与环境保护、城镇建设密切相关。本文根据当地草畜业生产实际,提出了固原市草畜业生产发展机制方面的一些创新思路。     

Altered Herbivore Distribution Associated With Focal Disturbance

Natural disturbances historically created structurally diverse patterns across the landscape, and large herbivores concentrated herbivory in areas where disturbance decreased standing senesced biomass that acted as a grazing deterrent through decreased palatability and overall forage quality. However, following European settlement, many natural large-scale disturbance regimes that influence vegetation and herbivore grazing selection were altered or removed and replaced with fine-scale anthropogenic disturbances. It is unclear how fine-scale focal disturbance and alteration of vegetation structure influences livestock distribution and grazing. Therefore we used a tracked vehicle as a disturbance agent in a mesic mixed-grass prairie to assess the influence of focal anthropogenic disturbance on livestock distribution and grazing. Track vehicle disturbance decreased the height of vegetation (P < 0.05) but did not alter plant species composition (P > 0.05). Cattle fecal pat density was greater (P ≤ 0.05) in locations with track vehicle disturbance. Little bluestem tiller height was shorter (P ≤ 0.05) in tracked locations than nontracked locations in grazed treatments, but was not different in nongrazed locations the first growing season following disturbance. Fecal pat density and tiller height were not different (P > 0.05) between tracked and nontracked locations following the second growing season. Therefore, we concluded that fine-scale focal anthropogenic disturbance alters herbivore distribution and defoliation and can maintain structural heterogeneity, but the effect is ephemeral and does not create long-lasting grazing lawns.     

草食动物散放区植被生长影响因素研究

草食动物散放区植被的生长情况一直是动物园行业比较关心的重要课题之一,植被生长的好坏将直接影响到游客的观赏效果。哈尔滨北方森林动物园自2004年搬迁到现址以来,一直对草食动物散放区的植被生长进行了比较系统的观察和研究,经过近7 a的实践和摸索,现在的3个散放区中非洲草食动物散放区和马散放区2个区植被生长非常好,而鹿散放区目前植被还没有恢复。通过研究认为散放区内的植被类型、单位面积上饲养动物的种类和数量以及降雨量是决定散放区植被生长情况的重要因素。     

现代草食畜牧业在乡村振兴中的作用及对策

习近平总书记指出:"实施乡村振兴战略,是党的十九大作出的重大决策部署,是新时代做好‘三农’工作的总抓手。发展现代畜牧业是深化农业供给侧结构性改革的重要举措,也是助推乡村振兴战略的有效途径。本文通过分析,结合乡村振兴战略的实施,有针对性地提出发展现代草食畜牧业实施乡村振兴战略的对策,以期促进现代畜牧业发展和乡村振兴战略深入实施。     

佳灵三特-CA驱除动物园草食动物内寄生虫试验

佳灵三特－CA（Closantel sodium)以3－10mg/kg剂量对亚洲象、长颈鹿、河马等28种草食动物做了驱虫试验。结果表明：在5－10mg/kg剂量时，草食动物的片形吸虫卵、前后盘吸虫卵及线虫卵转阴率分别为100％（23／23）、98．46％（64／65）、97．80％（89／91）；3mg/kg剂量不能驱动亚洲象的片吸虫。     

Pellet Accumulation as a Proxy for Herbivore Pressure in a Mediterranean Ecosystem

Human activities have dramatically altered the distribution and density of large herbivores worldwide, particularly on islands. For example, thousands of goats were abandoned to the mountains on Majorca Island, Spain, during the tourism boom in the 1960s. Though this mammal is common throughout the Majorcan mountain range, the impact of goats on the main mountain plant communities has not yet been evaluated. To fill this gap, we recorded goat fecal pellet accumulation and assessed the degree of browsing of 9 363 shrubs and trees located within 231 25-m² strips systematically distributed in two mountain regions of Majorca. We also recorded the degree of regeneration of woody plants inside the same strips. The environmental factors that significantly influenced pellet accumulation were altitude, rock cover, distance to roads and paths, distance to water, and slope. The correlations between the pellet index and degree of browsing depended on species palatability and abundance. Finally, the natural regeneration of plants was heterogeneously distributed and negatively correlated with pellet accumulation. This study indicates that high levels of browsing of unpalatable species in less preferred areas are a clear indicator of strong herbivore pressure, whereas the presence of nonbrowsed palatable species could indicate low herbivore presence. Moreover, this work demonstrates that the relative abundance of fecal pellets is a good indicator of the pressure exerted by feral goats on vegetation at a fine scale. The simple pellet index used in this work correlates strongly with vegetation damage; thus, it could represent a valuable innovative tool to inform sustainable management of feral goat populations in not only Majorca but probably also other Mediterranean islands.     

Emergency Presentations of the Exotic Small Mammalian Herbivore Trauma Patient

Trauma is a common complaint by owners of small exotic mammalian herbivores (e.g., rabbits, rodents) presented to veterinary hospitals. The term “trauma” is a broad disease category applied to patients with physical debilitation associated with injury often classified as “blunt,” “penetrating,” or “burn” in origin. Because many small exotic mammalian herbivores are prey animals, clinical signs of trauma may be masked until the effects of the injury outweigh the innate nature to survive. Small exotic mammalian herbivores are disproportionately sensitive to stress; thus, pain management and supportive care are extremely important during the initial stages of trauma management. Small exotic mammals differ slightly from other companion animals (e.g., dogs, cats) in regard to common trauma presentations. However, with a few therapeutic modifications (e.g., antibiotic selection, avoidance of corticosteroids, preventing self-trauma), treatment of small exotic mammalian herbivore trauma cases follows the same conventional guidelines used for other companion animals.     

动物园草食动物肠道寄生虫感染情况和治疗效果回顾性分析

应用离心沉淀法和饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法对郑州市动物园22种草食动物共88份粪便样品进行调查。寄生虫总感染率为19.31%,球虫、线虫和鞭虫感染率分别为7.95%、12.50%和2.27%。数据分析显示,寄生虫感染率逐年递减,比2003年降低了39.95%,感染程度也明显减轻。表明该园防控措施具有良好效果,为今后动物园制定有关寄生虫病防治措施提供了参考依据。     

野生草食动物源8株多杀性巴氏杆菌的PCR鉴定和分型

从表现出血性败血症临床症状的斑马、白唇鹿、黑鹿和长颈鹿中分离出8株多杀性巴氏杆菌（Pasteurellamuhtocida,Pm）,采用Pm种特异性的KMT1/KMT2引物分别与荚膜血清群特异性的Cap A1/Cap A2、Cap B1/CapB2、Cap D1/Cap D2引物组合来鉴定分离到的菌株,并与间接血凝试验及金黄色葡萄球菌抑制试验的结果相比较,证实PCR鉴定方法与传统的生化反应鉴定结果完全一致。荚膜PCR分型结果与间接血凝试验金黄色葡萄球菌抑制试验结果完全一致,这说明多重PCR方法可用于多杀性巴氏杆菌菌种及荚膜血清型的鉴定,我国野生草食动物多杀性巴氏杆菌病中存在多个荚膜血清型。     

Assessment of Animal-Based Methods Used for Estimating and Monitoring Rangeland Herbivore Diet Composition

Researchers and managers need effective tools for monitoring the use of forages by large herbivores. Since 2000, the number of herbivore diet studies has nearly doubled. In this review, we determine trends in the field; assess the utility of key techniques against five criteria (cost, accuracy and precision, resolution, utility for long-term monitoring programs, and appropriateness for browsers and grazers); and make recommendations to give managers appropriate tools. Three techniques stand out: microhistology, near infrared reflectance spectroscopy, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) barcoding. Microhistology has a long history of use in rangelands and is often considered the gold standard for understanding diet composition, albeit at a high cost of labor. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy can resolve the presence of target groups or species more quickly than microhistology, especially for grazers. DNA barcoding provides the greatest resolution of dietary items with less quantitative certainty than microhistology. The costs associated with DNA barcoding come primarily from technology and sequencing, while in microhistology they are associated with labor. Therefore, an improved, streamlined microhistology method could provide rangeland managers a rapid and cost-effective method for diet monitoring. Ultimately, the complex challenges facing rangeland managers today may require the use of more than one method to achieve acceptable resolution within actionable time frames.