黑龙江省大豆除草剂应用中出现的问题及应对之策

近年来由于大豆田化学除草剂的不正确使用,在农田植株中出现了不同程度的药害,在土壤中出现了农药残留现象。对于近年来黑龙江省大豆除草剂使用中出现的问题进行了归纳总结,并提出了相应的解决办法。     

“大豆种衣剂防治大豆根部主要病虫害技术研究”通过省级鉴定

“大豆种衣剂防治大豆根部主要病虫害技术研究”通过省级鉴定黑龙江省农科院植保所针对黑龙江省目前大豆生产存在的实际问题，寻求应用简便易行的方法，对大豆根部主要病虫害进行防治研究，从而减少因其病虫害造成的损失。经几年室内外对农药、微肥、成膜剂等的筛选及复配...     

发展黑龙江省大豆生产的建议

发展黑龙江省大豆生产的建议黑龙江省农牧渔业厅大豆专家顾问组近日在哈尔滨市召开了黑龙江省大豆专家顾问组座谈会，会上各位专家对全省１９９４年大豆生产形势进行了分析，并针对存在的问题，对１９９５年进一步发展全省大豆生产提出建议。一、１９９４年大豆生产形势大...     

发展黑龙江省绿色大豆产业带的思考

绿色大豆是指产自于洁净生态环境，产生过程限制农药化肥使用的一种安全优质产品，目前国内外比较畅销。黑龙江省黑土分布地区，大气，水质和土壤环境良好，土质肥沃，适合绿色大豆生产，建议省政府在该地区建立绿色生产基地，拉动黑龙江省质量效益型农业向前发展。     

对黑龙江省1990年主栽大豆农药残留量的测定

对黑龙江省１９９０年主栽大豆农药残留量的测定彭丽萍，郭玄，马利，王丽萌（黑龙江省分析测试中心）刘晓洁，鲁振明（黑龙江省大豆技术开发研究中心）黑龙江省是国家重要的商品粮基地，大豆面积约占全国大豆面积的２５％，产量接近全国大豆总产量的３０％，商品率居全国...     

阿特拉津降解菌节杆菌菌株TW-1的分离及其在大豆中的初步应用分析

为缓解药害，通过选择培养基富集培养，从黑龙江省安达市农田中分离出一株以阿特拉津为唯一氮源生长的降解菌TW-1，经鉴定该菌株为节杆菌属（Arthrobacter sp.）。菌株TW-1对培养基中100 mg/L的阿特拉津降解率在48 h内可达到99.5％。盆栽实验结果表明，菌株TW-1可使大豆植株的叶绿素含量提高，并且可增加过氧化氢酶与过氧化物酶含量，有效缓解大豆植株的阿特拉津药害，具有良好的应用潜力。     

黑龙江省大豆市场及对策问题的研究（一）：大豆生产及需求现状

黑龙江省大豆市场及对策问题的研究（一）──大豆生产及需求现状王碧君，张灿欣，吴忠达，邵立红，王敬华（黑龙江省农业经济技术信息中心）黑龙江省是我国的主要大豆生产供给和出口省份。大豆生产对于黑龙江省农业发展具有重要意义。特别是近年来随着国际、国内市场对大...     

新疆棉田农药药害类型及补救措施

近年来,在新疆地区棉花生产中,使用除草剂、生长调节剂、杀虫剂等农药已成为棉花高产栽培必不可少的技术措施.但在棉田使用农药过程中,由于农药品种选择错误、使用浓度过大、使用方法不当等原因常造成棉花药害,导致品质下降、减产甚至绝收.根据多年对棉田各种农药药害情况的观察,结合生产实践,现提出对棉田农药药害进行以下四种综合分类:     

谈黑龙江省干旱年份的大豆生产

自上个世纪90年代以来，黑龙江省发生的干旱年份越来越多。对大豆种植面积和籽粒质量均产生很大影响。干旱成了影响黑龙江省大豆生产主要的天气灾害。本文通过回顾与综合近年来干旱天气对大豆生产的影响和情况，提出若干大豆生产建议，仅供在研发和生产上参考。     

土壤中残存普斯特对水稻生长的影响

针对大豆田改水田后，残存的大豆除草剂－普斯特，会对水稻产生药害的问题，分析不同时期药害的产生过程、条件、药害症状及发生规律，并提出一系列预防、缓解措施。     

基于微生物产品（肥料及菌剂）的水稻肥药双减绿色生产技术初探

针对目前水稻生产上高产依赖高肥所导致的一系列环境问题,在多菌种、复合、高效微生物产品研发的基础上,以微生物肥料部分替代化肥,微生物菌剂助力秸秆还田高效利用,通过水稻生长过程中微生物肥料与化肥的合理调配,创新肥料施用方法及配套的耕作与灌溉技术,建立了基于微生物产品（肥料及菌剂）的水稻肥药双减绿色生产技术。生产试验示范表明,该技术在化肥和杀菌剂分别减量66%和65%的情况下,产量与当地农户持平,实现了在确保水稻稳产的前提下水稻减肥减药绿色生产。     

Disinfection of Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid by chemical and biological agents

We investigated the effectiveness of various chemical or biological agents in disinfecting Tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid (TCDVd), which causes extensive damage to tomato crops. Among seven tested chemicals, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) was the most effective in disinfecting TCDVd-contaminated scalpels with a 15-s dipping. TCDVd-contaminated scalpels were effectively disinfected by sodium hypochlorite solution at a concentration of 0.5% or more. Sodium hypochlorite at 0.25% and 0.125% could also reduce rates of infection via contaminated scalpels, suggesting that solutions of more than about 0.2% could also be used to suppress infection via TCDVd-contaminated tools. Low-pH sodium hypochlorite solution, which has powerful oxidizing activity, was found to degrade TCDVd dramatically even at low concentrations (below 0.1%). However, the effectiveness of such low-pH solutions in disinfecting TCDVd decreased to a level similar to that of high-pH solutions in the presence of plant tissue residues on tool surfaces, probably because of a reduction in cleaning activity. Although trisodium phosphate (Na₃PO₄) at a concentration of 5% was effective against TCDVd, a 2.5% solution of this chemical was not sufficiently effective against the viroid. Among the biological agents tested, crude sap of pepper plants significantly suppressed TCDVd infection.     

A study of the effectiveness of post-treatment after hair straightening process

In order to minimise the hair damage due to hair straightening process, post-treatment is recommended to protect the damaged hair from further depreciation and breakage. However, few reported quantitatively about the effectiveness of post-treatment after hair straightening process. Therefore, the aim of this paper will investigate the effectiveness of post-treatment methods for chemically straightened hairs. The effectiveness will be evaluated through different analytical methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry, tensile strength test and urea bisulphite solubility test for the properties related to morphological structure, hair colour change, tensile strength as well as chemical damage respectively. From the findings of the instrumental results, it was obvious that the application of post-treatments would improve the lustre of the damaged hair by giving higher value in lightness when compared with the raw hair control sample. Furthermore, the strength property of the post-treated hair increased when compared with the chemically straightened hair. This was due to the fact that the film-forming agents of conditioning products formed a protective layer and smooth surface on the fibre surface.     

Evaluation of soybean genotypes for field resistance to stink bugs in Nigeria

A number of soybean breeding lines and other genotypes were screened for resistance to stink bugs under field conditions at two locations (Mokwa and Ibadan) in Nigeria using two dates of planting (DOP) and no insecticides for 2 years. Stink bug populations were high during the first year and moderate the second year. Bug damage to pods was scored in the field and seed damage assessed in the laboratory using plant samples obtained from the field. Overall, damage was greater in Mokwa than in Ibadan. Visual damage scores ranged from 4·0 to 9·0 (scale 1–9) during the first DOP in the first year at Mokwa and 2–6 during the second DOP. During the second year, damage scores ranged from an average of 3·8 to 4·9 for both DOPs. Seed damage ranged from an average of 32% to 59%. Visual damage scores were negatively correlated with yield, such that lower yields were obtained where higher scores were given. Our results show that pod and seed damage was often greater in the upper portion of the plant in the varieties tested, thus indicating where the feeding activity of the insects was concentrated. A seed damage ratio (SDR) is computed and used, among other parameters, to select TGx 713-09D, TGx 307-048D, TGx 306-036C and TGx 814-036D as the genotypes manifesting the highest level of field resistance. These results are discussed in relation to the development of soybean varieties resistant to stink bugs.     

Effects of soil disinfection and potato harvesting methods on stem infection byRhizoctonia solani Kühn in the following year

Summary A two year field experiment was conducted twice to assess effects of chemical soil disinfection at planting and methods of harvesting potatoes on stem infection withRhizoctonia solani in the subsequent year. In the first year of the experiments seven methods. including one with soil disinfection at planting, were applied in August. In the following year,R. solani stem and stolon infection (disease severity) on potato plants were assessed in June. Soil treatment at planting with pencycuron resulted in lowest disease severity in the following year. Compared with chemical haulm killing and haulm pulling. immature-crop-harvesting also resulted in a lower disease severity, but only when black scurf was scarce on tubers at harvest in the preceding year.     

干旱和洪涝灾害对亚洲玉米螟种群动态的影响

2009～ 2011年对辽宁省受旱灾影响的北票市和受洪涝影响的铁岭市亚洲玉米螟发生危害情况进行调研,分析干旱和洪涝灾害对亚洲玉米螟种群动态的影响.结果表明,2009年6～9月持续干旱影响,受灾当年亚洲玉米螟种群数量大幅下降,第2年亚洲玉米螟心叶期危害较轻,但穗期危害较重,第3年种群数量恢复至较高水平;2010年7月下旬洪涝灾害发生条件下,亚洲玉米螟发生危害维持在较高水平,受灾年份越冬种群数量较大,但不能直接影响第2年亚洲玉米螟的发生.     

大型仪器设备共享管理和成本核算探讨

苦瓜(Momordica charantia)具有丰富的营养价值和药用价值。由于耕地面积有限,苦瓜连作现象严重,根结线虫对苦瓜的为害逐年加重,严重影响苦瓜的产量和品质。针对海南省苦瓜根结线虫病的危害、传播途径、发生规律以及栽培特点,总结提出适合海南省苦瓜根结线虫病的防治对策,以期为海南苦瓜的安全生产提供技术支持。     

云南河口香蕉褐足角胸叶甲的发生危害与防治初报

采用定点监测、分级调查法对云南河口1.2万hm2香蕉受褐足角胸叶甲(Basilepta fulvipes Motschulsky)的危害情况进行了研究。结果表明：褐足角胸叶甲发生、危害每年有3次以上的高峰期分别为4～5、7～8月和10月、12月至翌年3月为发生、危害的最低期;东部褐足角胸叶甲发生、危害最重,其次是西部及中南部;海拔高度和气候与褐足角胸叶甲的发生危害关系密切,海拔越高,危害率、危害指数越低,雨热同季、高温高湿比较有利于种群繁殖与发生危害。防治试验初步结果表明,参试的3种杀虫剂均有较好的防治效果,其中45%的马拉硫磷(跳丙)乳油1 000倍较好,在抽蕾初期防治可取得较好的防治效果,后期则效果降低或无效。     

菠萝蜜素背肘隆螽生物学习性及防治

研究了菠萝蜜上新发现的重要害虫素背肘隆螽的生物学习性.该虫在海南每年发生2代,以若虫或成虫越冬.6月中旬～7月下旬、10月下旬～12月上旬是为害高峰期.笔者详细描述素背肘隆螽的形态特征、取食与为害、活动与栖息、蜕皮与羽化、交尾与产卵等习性,并提出剪除着卵枝条和人工捕杀等防治方法,为今后生产上防治素背肘隆螽提供参考依据.     

几种化学调控剂对低温胁迫下董棕和短穗鱼尾葵幼苗光合作用的影响

以2年生董棕（Caryota urens L.）和短穗鱼尾葵（Caryota mitis Lour.）幼苗为试材,用美国CID公司产CI-340便携式全自动光合作用仪测定其净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间二氧化碳浓度和蒸腾速率,探究几种化学调控剂对低温胁迫下董棕和短穗鱼尾葵光合作用的影响。结果表明,所有处理均能有效提高董棕和短穗鱼尾葵的净光合速率,但不同调控剂之间,同一调控剂不同浓度之间结果都不相同。其中200 mg/L多效唑对提高董棕的净光合速率效果最显著,稀释1 000倍的混合液1对提高短穗鱼尾葵的效果最好。各处理对气孔导度、胞间二氧化碳浓度和蒸腾速率的影响与对净光合速率的影响不一致。所试调控剂均能不同程度增强董棕和短穗鱼尾葵幼苗的光合作用能力。