二氢吡啶对斑点叉尾鮰胴体组成成分的影响

采用单因子试验设计,在等氮等能(蛋白质含量31.99%,能量11.27MJ/kg)的基础料中分别添加0mg/kg、50mg/kg、100mg/kg、150mg/kg、200mg/kg、250mg/kg的二氢吡啶,制成6组试验饲料,养殖规格为5.53±0.11g的斑点叉尾鮰45天。结果表明:试验组饲料中二氢吡啶的添加量为150mg/kg时,斑点叉尾鮰的特定生长率最高(2.65%),饵料系数最低(1.61%),与对照组相比差异显著(P0.05);而二氢吡啶的添加量在150mg/kg时,试验鱼的粗蛋白含量达到最高为57.34%,而粗脂肪的含量达到最低为8.41%,其差异显著(P0.05)。试验结果表明,在斑点叉尾鮰饲料中添加一定量的二氢吡啶能够促进生长、提高蛋白质沉积,降低脂肪含量,并且有利于钙、磷的吸收。     

母猪妊娠期饲粮中添加L-肉碱对其生产性能的影响

为研究母猪妊娠期饲粮中添加L-肉碱对其生产性能的影响,试验采用单因子设计,选取配种时间相近的长大母猪30头,随机分为3组,每组10个重复,每个重复1头母猪,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验1组饲喂基础饲粮+L-肉碱100 mg/kg、试验2组饲喂基础饲粮+L-肉碱200 mg/kg。妊娠母猪基础饲粮分为妊娠0～90 d和91 d至分娩两个阶段配制,都采用玉米-豆粕型饲粮。试验结果表明,母猪妊娠期饲粮中添加L-肉碱100 mg/kg和200 mg/kg能显著提高仔猪初生重及母猪窝产仔数和窝产活仔数,有效降低窝产弱仔数。     

植酸酶对斑点叉尾鮰生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及氮、磷排泄的影响

本试验旨在研究植酸酶对斑点叉尾鮰生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及氮、磷排泄的影响,以确定植酸酶在斑点叉尾鮰饲料中的适宜添加量.选取初始均重为(1.74±0.02)g的斑点叉尾鮰幼鱼540尾,随机分成6个组,每组3个重复,每个重复放养30尾鱼.对照组饲喂基础饲料,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲料中添加300、500、1 000、l...     

异育银鲫饵料中添加L-肉碱的养殖效果研究

为研究L-肉碱对异育银鲫的养殖效果,选取体况良好,体质量(178.22±4.65)g的120尾异育银鲫,随机分成6组,每组设2个重复,每重复放养10尾鱼.各组在基础日粮中分别添加0、50、100、150、200和250 mg/kg L-肉碱(0为对照组),饲养试验期40 d.结果表明,200 mg/kg组鱼体的尾均增质量高于对照组13.23%(P<0.05),饵料系数低12.82%(P<0.05);与对照组相比,200 mg/kg组肌肉水分含量显著降低,粗蛋白含量显著升高;200(P<0.05)和250 mg/kg组(P<0.01)粗脂肪含量显著低于对照组;L-肉碱提高异育银鲫血清中的生长激素(GH)含量,其中200 mg/kg组高于对照组8.49%(P<0.05).试验结果表明,L-肉碱可促进异育银鲫生长,提高饲料转化率,改善鱼体品质风味,添加量为200 mg/kg时效果最好.     

香菇多糖对黄羽肉鸡生长性能及免疫功能的影响

试验旨在研究饲料中添加香菇多糖对黄羽肉鸡免疫功能及生长性能的影响。选取1日龄体重接近的黄羽肉鸡180只,随机分为6个组,每个组3个重复,每个重复10只鸡。空白对照组：饲喂基础饲粮;25 mg/kg香菇多糖组：在基础饲粮中添加25 mg/kg的香菇多糖;50 mg/kg香菇多糖组：在基础饲粮中添加50 mg/kg香菇多糖;100 mg/kg香菇多糖组：在基础饲粮中添加100 mg/kg香菇多糖;150 mg/kg香菇多糖组：在基础饲粮中添加150 mg/kg香菇多糖;200 mg/kg香菇多糖组：在基础饲粮中添加200 mg/kg香菇多糖,试验期为42 d。结果表明,在饲料中连续14～42 d添加150～200 mg/kg的香菇多糖可以显著提高黄羽肉鸡血清一氧化氮（NO）、白介素-2(IL-2)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、溶菌酶（LZM）含量和免疫器官指数（P<0.05）,在饲料中连续42 d添加50～150 mg/kg可显著提高黄羽肉鸡的平均日增重、特定生长率和饲料转化率（P<0.05）。综上,在饲料中添加适宜剂量的香菇多糖可以显著提高黄羽肉鸡血清NO、IL-2、IFN-γ...     

植酸酶替代磷酸二氢钙对斑点叉尾鮰生长及饲料利用的影响

试验目的旨在研究植酸酶替代磷酸二氢钙对斑点叉尾鮰生长性能的影响,确定植酸酶在斑点叉尾鮰饲料中对磷酸二氢钙的适宜替代比例。试验共设计7个处理组,基础对照组添加17 kg/t磷酸二氢钙,处理组分别用200 g/t和400 g/t的植酸酶替代基础对照组中30%、45%和60%的磷酸二氢钙构成植酸酶替代组。试验采用单因素完全随机分组设计,选择630尾[体重(14.48±0.04)g]斑点叉尾鮰,随机分到7个处理组中,每个处理3个重复,每个重复放养30尾鱼,进行了60 d的生长试验。试验结果表明,在45%的替代范围内,试验中期和末期各处理组鱼体的增重率、特定生长率、摄食量、饲料系数和成活率均无显著差异(P>0.05);当替代量超过60%时,与对照组相比,试验中期各处理组鱼体的生长性能无显著影响(P>0.05),而在试验末期鱼的增重率显著降低(P<0.05),饲料系数显著升高(P<0.05);分析植酸酶不同添加量对鱼体生长性能的影响发现,在相同替代比例下,200 g/t和400 g/t的植酸酶替代组没有显著差异(P>0.05)。综上分析,本试验条件下,在斑点叉尾鮰饲料中用200 g/t的植酸酶替代30%~45%的磷酸二氢钙,其生长性能不会受到影响,根据增重率的折线模型拟合分析可得,植酸酶对磷酸二氢钙的最佳替代比例为31.48%,等效于0.54%的磷酸二氢钙。     

L-肉碱对哺乳仔猪生长性能的影响

为研究L-肉碱对哺乳仔猪生长性能的影响,采用单因子试验设计,选取24头临产长大母猪,随机分为3个处理,每个处理8个重复,每个重复1头母猪,对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,处理1饲喂基础饲粮+200 mg/kg L-肉碱、处理2饲喂基础饲粮+400 mg/kg L-肉碱。试验结果表明,母猪泌乳期饲粮添加400mg/kgL-肉碱能显著提高哺乳仔猪0～12日龄日增重、哺乳期日增重和24日龄断奶重。     

不同蛋白及喷浆玉米皮水平对斑点叉尾鮰生长性能、体色及肠道健康的影响

为精确斑点叉尾鮰蛋白需求量及其饲料中喷浆玉米皮的添加量,试验以初始体重（50.0±0.2）g的斑点叉尾鮰作为试验对象,在基础饲料上添加0%（对照组,CON组）、3%(CG3组)、6%(CG6组)和9%(CG9组)的喷浆玉米皮配制成蛋白含量依次为34%、35%、33%、32%的四种饲料,研究其对斑点叉尾鮰（Ictalurus punctatus）生长、体色及肠道健康的影响,每组5个重复,每个重复50尾,试验持续8周。结果表明：各组间斑点叉尾鮰增重率无显著差异（P>0.05）。与对照组相比,CG3、CG6、CG9组斑点叉尾鮰腹脂率显著降低（P <0.05）,但CG3、CG6、CG9组斑点叉尾鮰背部肌肉b*值均显著提高（P <0.05）;CON、CG3组斑点叉尾鮰肠道肌层厚度显著高于CG6、CG9组（P <0.05）;各组间斑点叉尾鮰肠道优势菌门均为梭杆菌门、拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门和变形菌门,与对照组相比,CG9组使斑点叉尾鮰肠道梭杆菌门、厚壁菌门相对丰度下降,变形菌门相对丰度上升。综上所述,在本试验条件下,饲料中添加喷浆玉米皮低于9%（粗蛋白质水平32%）时不影响班点叉...     

中草药发酵提取物对斑点叉尾鮰生长性能和肠道消化酶活性的影响

本文以平均体重10.5g左右的斑点叉尾鮰为试验鱼,分别在饲料中加入0、250、500、750和1000mg/kg的中草药发酵提取物,养殖试验为8周。结果表明:饲料中添加提取物后,可以显著提高鱼的增重率、蛋白质利用效率和降低饲料系数(P0.05);与对照组相比,提取物添加500～1000g/kg的鱼增重率提高11.39%～26.90%,蛋白质效率提高7.10%～14.75%,饲料系数降低7.98%～17.79%(P0.05);添加750～1000g/kg提取物可显著提高鱼体肥满度达6.06%～12.12%(P0.05),内脏与体重比及肝胰脏与体重比较对照组则显著下降(P0.05);同时,检测到前中肠脂肪酶和蛋白酶活性显著增强(P0.05)。综上可知,在斑点叉尾鮰饲料中添加500～1000mg/kg的中草药发酵提取物,可以较好地促进斑点叉尾鮰生长,并在一定程度上提高鱼品质。     

植酸酶预处理饲料对斑点叉尾鮰生长及磷利用率的影响

本试验通过体外预处理方式在饲料中添加植酸酶,旨在探讨其对斑点叉尾鮰生长及磷利用率的影响.试验以初始条件一致、平均体重为(1.74±0.02)g的450尾斑点叉尾鮰(Icralurus punctatus)稚鱼为研究对象,采用单因素完全分组设计,随机分为5个组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼.D0组为对照组,饲喂基础饲料...     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.