应用CPV林间防治越冬代马尾松毛虫试验

应用CPV林间进行越冬代马尾松毛虫防治试验,结果表明不同剂量CPV与1/100000的20%氰戊菊酯乳油复配能显著提高CPV的林间杀虫效果。林间以CPV2.4×106~1.5×105多角体/ml与1/100000的20%氰戊菊酯乳油复配防治越冬代马尾松毛虫为宜,13天幼虫死亡率可达85%以上。     

双委夜蛾高致病力球孢白僵菌的筛选及在玉米内定殖率的测定

双委夜蛾Athetis dissimilis（Hampson）为近年新发生的农业害虫，具有隐蔽为害的习性。为探索有效可持续的防治方法，实验室内测定了YB8、TB1126、YB12、TB1349和YB15共5株球孢白僵菌菌株对双委夜蛾2龄幼虫的致病力，筛选出高致病力白僵菌菌株，并测定其在玉米植株中的定殖率。结果表明：不同菌株对双委夜蛾的致病力存在较大的差异，LT₅₀分别为1.35、2.16、2.61、1.68和2.16 d，LC₅₀分别为9.09×10⁷、5.00×10⁸、5.54×10⁹、1.41×10¹¹和2.61×10¹²孢子/mL。菌株YB8在26℃下，产孢量1.094×10⁷个/mL，孢子萌发率89.66%，1×10⁹孢子/mL 10 d时双委夜蛾2龄幼虫死亡率达到100%，感染僵死率达到86.67%，在玉米根中定殖率为44.44%，茎中定殖率为51.59%，叶片中定殖率为36.30%。具有较大的开发潜力。     

朱红毛斑蛾虫生真菌球孢白僵菌PfBb菌株的分离鉴定及其毒力测定

为评价从朱红毛斑蛾Phauda flammans幼虫僵虫中分离的虫生真菌在害虫生物防治中的应用潜力,通过形态学鉴定及ITS基因序列分析对分离菌株进行鉴定,并运用时间-剂量-死亡率模型分析该分离菌株对朱红毛斑蛾1~6龄幼虫的毒力。结果显示,结合形态学特征和ITS基因序列分析将该虫生真菌鉴定为球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana,并将该菌株命名为PfBb。球孢白僵菌PfBb菌株可侵染朱红毛斑蛾1~6龄幼虫,随着该菌株孢子液浓度的增加,其对朱红毛斑蛾幼虫的毒力逐渐增强。PfBb菌株孢子液处理朱红毛斑蛾1~5龄幼虫6 d时的LC₅₀分别为2.61×10⁴、1.04×10⁵、1.11×10⁶、1.54×10⁶和1.44×10⁷ 个/mL,处理6龄幼虫8 d时的LC₅₀为1.02×10⁷ 个/mL。随着处理时间的增加,PfBb菌株对朱红毛斑蛾1~6龄幼虫的LC₅₀和LC₉₀随之降低,表明存在剂量效应。当处理浓度相同时,朱红毛斑蛾1~6龄幼虫的僵虫率随着虫龄的增加而降低,但在较高浓度1.0×10⁷~1.0×10⁹ 个/mL处理时,1~5龄幼虫的僵虫率无显著差异,说明1.0×10⁷个/mL球孢白僵菌PfBb菌株孢子液防治朱红毛斑蛾幼虫即可达到理想的防治效果。表明球孢白僵菌PfBb菌株对朱红毛斑蛾有较大的生防应用潜力。     

桃小食心虫病原菌—球孢白僵菌TST05菌株生物学特性研究

[目的]研究从自然染病的桃小食心虫幼虫上分离的球孢白僵菌TST05菌株的生物学特性.[方法]测定不同培养基、外界不同温度和湿度对该菌株菌丝营养生长及孢子萌发的影响.[结果]该菌株在PDA、PPDA、SDAY、SMAY 4种培养基上均生长良好,菌落厚而致密,产孢量均大于3.95×107孢子/mL;菌株适应的温度和湿度范围宽,15～30℃之间,RH 30 ％～100％之间孢子均可萌发、生长和产孢.随着温度接近25℃、湿度增大,孢子的萌发率、菌落的生长速率和产孢量都显著增加.15℃、RH 100％时产孢量为1.32× 107孢子/mL;25℃、RH 30％时,产孢量也能达到1.37×107孢子/mL;25℃、RH 100％时产孢量达到6.19×107孢子/mL.15℃、RH 100％孢子萌发率为52.28％;25℃、RH＞80％时,孢子萌发率都能达到90％以上.[结论]TST05菌株能适应北方干旱低温条件,可开发成为防治桃小食心虫的生物制剂.     

玫烟色棒束孢对多种刺吸式口器害虫防治潜力的室内评测

刺吸式口器昆虫常发生严重且抗药性强。本文室内测定了玫烟色棒束孢Isaria fumosorosea Ifu13a对梨冠网蝽、小绿叶蝉和温室白粉虱等多种刺吸式口器害虫的控制潜力。在1.0×10⁸、1.0×10⁷和1.0×10⁶孢子/mL接种浓度下,在处理后初始2 d保持RH（95±5）%,随后8 d保持RH（78±5）%的条件下,小绿叶蝉和温室白粉虱成虫的累积死亡率均达到100%,其致死中时LT₅₀分别为4.12、4.11、5.43和4.77、5.55、5.32 d,而梨冠网蝽的致死中时为7.32、8.22、9.79 d。在1.0×10⁸和1.0×10⁷孢子/mL浓度下,小绿叶蝉和温室白粉虱累计死亡率均在5 d内即达到100%,2种害虫的致死中浓度LC₅₀分别为3.90×10³和3.03×10⁴孢子/mL;而梨冠网蝽第10 d在2种浓度下的累计死亡率分别达到了81.25%、77.5%,其LC₅₀为6.88×10⁵孢子/mL。菌株Ifu13a显示出一定的寄主专化性,菌株Ifu13a显现了对多种刺吸式口器害虫的高控制潜力。     

二点委夜蛾幼虫高毒力球孢白僵菌菌株筛选与生物学特性初步研究

本研究对分离自二点委夜蛾Athetis lepigone（Moschler）越冬幼虫僵虫上分离的43株球孢白僵菌菌株进行生物测定,筛选到致病力较强的4株菌株,并对这4株菌株的菌落形态、菌株生长速度、产孢量和萌发率等生物学性状进行了测定。同时以二点委夜蛾2龄幼虫为供试虫源,测定了这4株白僵菌菌株对二点委夜蛾的致病力,从中筛选出具有生长速度快、萌发率高、产孢量大等培养性状优及毒力较强的球孢白僵菌Ed-41菌株。该菌株在浓度为1×107孢子.mL-1悬浮液喷雾接种处理后,在26℃条件下,第8 d供试幼虫的死亡率达85%,显示出对靶标害虫的具有较好的毒力,在二点委夜蛾害虫生物防治中将有潜在的的应用价值。     

亚洲玉米螟越冬幼虫主要寄生性天敌及病原菌致死率的考察

对我国主要玉米产区亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis越冬代幼虫天敌和病原菌的寄生情况进行了调查。通过2年秋季采集14个省,20个点共计14984头玉米螟越冬幼虫,在室内(26±1)℃,RH(70%±10%),光周期16L:8D的环境中饲养。明确了主要病原菌苏云金芽孢杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis和白僵菌Beauveria bassiana及主要寄生性天敌昆虫腰带长体茧蜂Macrocentrus cingulum、玉米螟厉寄蝇Lydella grisescens和大螟钝唇姬蜂Eriborus terebranus在各地的寄生率。各地越冬幼虫平均感染苏云金芽孢杆菌死亡率为36.2%,感染白僵菌死亡率为14.4%。苏云金芽孢杆菌和白僵菌的感染率在东北春玉米区年度间有波动,而在夏玉米及其它玉米产区,苏云金芽孢杆菌的感染率显著高于白僵菌。腰带长体茧蜂和玉米螟厉寄蝇在各地普遍分布,为优势寄生性天敌昆虫,寄生致死率分别为7.0%和5.1%。大螟钝唇姬蜂仅在北方春玉米区的海伦、沈阳、应县和夏玉米区的保定等少数地区发生,且寄生率<1.0%。与天敌昆虫寄生死亡率相比,感染病原菌的死亡率显著较高,但年度间波动较大。由此可知,苏云金芽孢杆菌和白僵菌是玉米主产区亚洲玉米螟越冬幼虫的主要致死因子,且具有波动性;腰带长体茧蜂和玉米螟厉寄蝇是相对稳定的致死因子,大螟钝唇姬蜂具有区域特异性。     

三株球孢白僵菌的分离鉴定与其对粘虫的室内毒力

通过黄粉虫虫饵法从河北省采集的土样中分离得到三株昆虫病原真菌,结合形态学特征和rDNA序列分析对菌株进行了鉴定,结果表明：三株均为球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana,编号依次为Z-G2-5、M-G4、M-G3。通过生测发现3株球孢白僵菌菌株均能有效感染粘虫幼虫,三株球孢白僵菌对粘虫3龄幼虫的毒力不同：在5×10⁸孢子/mL剂量下,菌株Z-G2-5第6 d时对粘虫的累计校正死亡率达到96.77%,LT₅₀为3.02 d,LC₅₀为4.95×10⁶个孢子/mL。而菌株M-G3、M-G4的累计死亡率分别为66.67%、71.11%;LT₅₀分别为4.89 d、3.97 d;LC₅₀分别为1.18×10⁸个孢子/mL、1.13×10⁷个孢子/mL。上述结果表明,相比其他两株菌,菌株Z-G2-5对粘虫的致病力更强,致死速度更快,具有较大的应用价值,可作为粘虫幼虫生物防治的候选菌株。     

球孢白僵菌对松墨天牛的致病力及其与花绒寄甲的相容性

为探明昆虫病原真菌球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana与天敌昆虫花绒寄甲Dastarcus helophoroides的相容性,观察4株球孢白僵菌菌株的生长性状、产孢量以及孢子萌发率,并选用Bb3275和Bb202菌株测定其对松墨天牛Monochamus alternatus的致病力以及对花绒寄甲的毒力;同时在模拟环境条件下,分别用Bb3275和Bb202菌株的孢子悬浮液先侵染松墨天牛幼虫,再按1∶1比例将花绒寄甲与受侵染的松墨天牛置于同一环境下饲养,观察花绒寄甲的死亡率。结果显示,孢子悬浮液浓度为1×10⁶孢子/mL至1×10⁸孢子/mL时,Bb3275菌株和Bb202菌株对松墨天牛幼虫和成虫的致病力与对照组相比均有显著差异;经4种浓度Bb3275和Bb202菌株侵染花绒寄甲幼虫和成虫15 d后,仅在高浓度1×10⁸孢子/mL时表现出轻微致死作用,但花绒寄甲的存活率均高于85.00%;模拟条件下,松墨天牛幼虫校正死亡率均在80.00%以上,而同环境下花绒寄甲幼虫和成虫均表现出良好的活力,且侵染率为0。表明球孢白僵菌和花绒寄甲之间具有很好的相容性,可以同时应用于松墨天牛的生物防治。     

桃小食心虫高致病力白僵菌菌株筛选

对来源于不同地点或寄主的14株球孢白僵菌进行僵虫率、在虫体上菌丝生长时间、产孢时间及单虫产孢量测定,综合评价各菌株对桃小食心虫幼虫的致病力,选择较好的菌株进行毒力测定。结果表明：基于僵虫率、菌丝生长时间、产孢时间及单虫产孢量4个指标,筛选出 3 株具有较强致病力的优良菌株Bb7、Bb9和Bb14;在孢子浓度为1.0×107 孢子/mL时,对桃小食心虫幼虫的致死率分别为73.33%、77.78%和80.00%, LT50分别为8.45、7.49、8.42 d;LC50分别为1.76×105、3.03×106、2.10×105孢子/mL。     

Dermestid beetles in ‘evolution Canyon’, lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, including new records for Israel

Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr _s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr _s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.     

Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops

Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.     

A survey of the genera of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Microgaster</Emphasis> latreille and<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hygroplitis</Emphasis> thomson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) from China

The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented, including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006.     

Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies

One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text.     

Broad bean mottle virus in Morocco; curculionid vectors,and natural occurrence in food legumes other than faba bean (Vicia faba)

Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.     

Characterization of potato potyvirus Y (PVY) isolates from seed potato batches. Situation of the NTN, Wilga and Z isolates

A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVY^N strain and six to the PVY^O strain. No PVY^C was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVY^O, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Ny_tbr gene and probably represent the PVY^Z group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVY^O and PVY^N and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVY^O, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVY^N-Wilga. Some PVY^N isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVY^NTN group. The PVY^NTN, PVY^N-Wilga and PVY^Z groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVY^N and PVY^O, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5 end within the PVYN strain.     

The autumn leafroller: Phenology,damage and parasitoids in a Dutch apple orchard

The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed.     

Diagnostics,genetic diversity and pathogenic variation of ascochyta blight of cool season food and feed legumes

Molecular diagnostic techniques have been developed to differentiate the Ascochyta pathogens that infect cool season food and feed legumes, as well as to improve the sensitivity of detecting latent infection in plant tissues. A seed sampling technique was developed to detect a 1% level of infection by Ascochyta rabiei in commercial chickpea seed. The Ascochyta pathogens were shown to be genetically diverse in countries where the pathogen and host have coexisted for a long time. However, where the pathogen was recently introduced, such as A. rabiei to Australia, the level of diversity remained relatively low, even as the pathogen spread to all chickpea-growing areas. Pathogenic variability of A. rabiei and Ascochyta pinodes pathogens in chickpea and field pea respectively, appears to be quantitative, where measures of disease severity were based on aggressiveness (quantitative level of infection) rather than on true qualitative virulence. In contrast, qualitative differences in pathogenicity in lentil and faba bean genotypes indicated the existence of pathotypes of Ascochyta lentis and Ascochyta fabae. Therefore, reports of pathotype discrimination based on quantitative differences in pathogenicity in a set of specific genotypes is questionable for several of the ascochyta-legume pathosystems such as A. rabiei and A. pinodes. This is not surprising since host resistance to these pathogens has been reported to be mainly quantitative, making it difficult for the pathogen to overcome specific resistance genes and form pathotypes. For robust pathogenicity assessment, there needs to be consistency in selection of differential host genotypes, screening conditions and disease evaluation techniques for each of the Ascochyta sp. in legume-growing countries throughout the world. Nevertheless, knowledge of pathotype diversity and aggressiveness within populations is important in the selection of resistant genotypes.     

Characterization of Sclerotinia minor populations in Texas peanut fields

In the summer of 2004 an epidemic of sclerotinia blight of peanut, a disease caused by Sclerotinia minor, occurred in Texas in fields where the disease was never previously detected. The disease was observed on many plants within one of the fields (>3000 disease foci), although most foci were <1 m. It is hypothesized that these observations were inconsistent with the recent introduction of a monocyclic pathogen, even if disease developed under conducive environmental conditions. The pattern of disease is most suggestive of the presence of foliar (ascospore) infections, although air temperature was above the known limits for apothecia development if the pathogen had arrived in the field in 2004 peanut seed. To further examine this epidemic, 232 isolates were collected, across a variety of spatial scales spanning this field and other Texas peanut fields, and evaluated for aggressiveness, fungicide sensitivity and genotypic diversity. There was wide variation among isolates for the phenotypic characteristics measured, but there was no evidence that a genotypically unique, highly aggressive, and fungicide resistant isolate had been introduced or evolved. The predominant genotype, TX1, which contained 154 isolates, was found in every county and field population.     

Tumours of Begonia and some other ornamentals,induced by Corynebacterium fascians

In 1975 many tumours were observed in plants ofBegonia Schwabenland grown in Aalsmeer. Submersion of the roots ofNicotiana megalosiphon seedlings in a homogenate of tumorous tissue, induced tumours after two weeks. Short periods of submergence yielded results similar to those obtained after longer periods. Tumour homogenates lost their infectivity after ten min at 50°C. Aphids transmitted the infectious agent.Treatment with propylene oxide did not inhibit infectivity completely. Filtration through a 450 nm filter removed the infectious agent.Tobacco tumor virus or a viroid could not be isolated. Cultures ofCorynebacterium fascians, isolated from tumours ofN. megalosiphon were highly infectious and induced tumours in healthyN. megalosiphon andBegonia. Tumorous tissue homogenates ofPelargonium zonale, Dahlia sp.,Gladiolus sp., andLilium sp. also caused tumours inN. megalosiphon, from whichC. fascians was isolated. It was not possible to produce tumours inN. megalosiphon with homogenates from roses with symptoms of bud proliferation.Samenvatting In 1975 werden vele tumoren waargenomen inBegonia Schwabenland op Aalsmeerse bedrijven (Fig. 1). De infectiositeit van tumorweefsel kon goed en snel worden vastgesteld door de wortels van zaailingen vanNicotiana megalosiphon in een homogenaat van tumorweefsel te dompelen. Tumoren ontstonden na twee weken, de eindbeoordeling geschiedde na een maand (Fig. 2). Ook verschillende andereNicotiana spp.,Melilotus officinalis (Fig. 3) enPisum odoratum (Fig. 4) werden aangetast.Bij de infectiositeitstoets gaven zeer korte dompeltijden even goede resultaten als langere (Tabel 1). Infectieus sap verloor zijn infectievermogen na 10 min verhitting bij 50°C. Bladluizen brachten de smetstof over. Propyleenoxide verminderde de infectiositeit wel, doch onderdrukte deze niet totaal. Bij filtratie door een 450 nm filter bleef het infectieuse agens op het filter achter. Het tumor-inducerende agens was ook aanwezig in die delen van planten met tumoren welke gezond leken en het ging voor een gering deel over met zaad (Tabel 2).Uit tumoren konden wij geen tabakstumorvirus of een viroïde isoleren. Culturen vanCorynebacterium fascians, geïsoleerd uit tumoren vanN. megalosiphon bleken zeer infectieus en veroorzaakten tumoren inN. megalosiphon enBegonia. Homogenaten van tumorweefsel vanPelargonium zonale, dahlia (Fig. 5), gladiool (Fig. 6) enLilium Mid Century Hybrid Enchantment (Fig. 7) veroorzaakten ook tumoren opN. megalosiphon, waaruitC. fascians werd geïsoleerd. Met sap van kroeskopzieke rozen konden wijN. megalosiphon niet besmetten.